International Migration - Term Paper Example

? Task International migration Part Introduction International migration is one of the most difficult movements that many people make in life. Moving from ones country to a foreign land has many challenges. The decision has impacts on the individual, the society and the nation in many ways. A number of considerations involved are economic political, and social as well. The individuals involved are thus subjected to many new experiences in the host country that is different from those in their country of origin. This is the movement of people from one country to another due to many reasons. International migration has consisted of people moving from their country of birth for many reasons and this movement involves millions of people each year. The migrants range from less educated to highly educated professionals who move from their own countries that may have scarce resources. The low skilled workers also move to seek better wages abroad because the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. Data on international migration Migration to the United States was slowed down during the interwar, and during the Great Depression of 1930s. As early as 1921, United States began to enact immigration quotas since immigrants from Europe were over one million per year. Many countries continue to receive immigrants with the number running into millions Where they are moving from They move from Africa and North America to well developed countries such as United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Traditional emigration countries include European Union countries, such as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom. Reasons why people move from one country to another and its resulting effects Economic Political Social reasons such as marriage or travel Occupational reasons such as work or study Personal reasons such as a preference to settle in a given country How internal migration affect security When people move from one country to another, they enter new countries whose laws they may not understand. Their conduct is likely to affect the security of the nation. Internal migration may also involve individuals whose characters are not known. It is through migration that many international criminals are able to hide their activities. International migration also lead to pressure on social facilities in different countries and this often leads to conflicts between citizens. The entry of illegal immigrants in many countries leads to increase in petty offenders and criminals, when such illegal immigrants are unable to survive or find jobs abroad. The illegal migrants usually hide from the authorities in the host countries and they face cruel treatment but they also are unable to seek justice from the legal systems. Consequently, many criminal activities are committed against them by the citizens of such countries. The security of the host country is threatened when more people that had not been planned for by the security agents in all situations. The security facilities become overstretched and therefore unable to ensure adequate security to all members. Any country may risk capital flight when migrants move resources to their countries of origin. Consequently, economic resources are taken out of a country illegally to benefit other countries. Part 2 International migration produces benefits to their home countries and to the host countries depending on many situations. To their countries of origin, the migrants remit finances to their home countries. This often results into large sums of money being sent from well developed counties to developing countries. Such resources help in developing countries from which migrants came. International migration is more hurting to men due to pressure on men to provide in many families. The negative effects of international migration are loss of human resources, and the brain drain when countries lose their highly qualified people to other well developed countries. Such migrants help in developing the developed countries than their own countries. However, remittance income and other economic activities may help the countries that receive such monies to alleviate poverty, and to benefit from migration induced incentives (O?zden and Maurice, 2007). Migrant sending areas usually suffer low development but the countries that receive migrants become more developed. In most cases, the migrants are able persons who would have made contributions to their home countries. The migrants are often the most educated that those whom they leave behind in their countries of origin. Brain gain to the recipient nation means a brain drain to the countries that sends migrants. Low incomes in the countries of origin are a common incentive for people to migrate in search for better wages and other economic opportunities (Geddes, 2011). International migration is costly and risky to those who are involved. Many poor families that send their members abroad lack resources for sending them legally, and may resort to human smugglers to make their people to reach their desired countries. Such families often end up losing almost all their property to finance the migration which is a costly business. Many migrants decide to go to some countries illegally, but not all may arrive. Many are detained at the border or they are swindled by smugglers that engage in illegal activities (Solimano, 2007). International migration takes place through networks that understand what people are doing in order to enter countries of their choice. The network often involves family and neighbors who previously migrated. As older migrants send to their countries of origin remittances, they also entice other about where to get the opportunity to migrate. They provide all the advice about immigration and at times they provide the initial support. Pioneer migrants are usually people from upper middle class who help in accessing the migration networks and use them to benefit the migrant-sending areas, mostly due to prevailing poverty and inequality (O?zden and Maurice, 2007). International migration is usually more attractive that internal migration because it gives individuals hope of remitting enormous finances due to better abroad. Productivity of each household and country falls when their members migrate to other countries with different levels of development, in different countries in which amenities that make life comfortable are perceived as different. There has been increased ease in travel from one country to another which makes it easier to seek better economic opportunities. Where they move from and where they move to They move from Africa and North America to well developed countries such as United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Traditional emigration countries include European Union countries, such as Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlandsustria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxe nd United Kingdom. After thee world war one economic activities were interrupted in many countries. The years that followed the world war one experienced economic instability, inflation, and politician turbulence in many countries. This made many people to migrate for many reasons. Most migration in Europe was due to political reasons from countries such as Russia and Germany to seek safety. Most of the migrants were Jews who moves to many countries and especially to United States. Europe was not open to migration which made many war refugees move to other countries. Migration to the United States but it slowed down during the interwar and the Great Depression of 1930s. As early as 1921 United States began to enact immigration quotas since immigrants from Europe was over one million per year. Many countries continue to receive immigrants running into millions (Koser, 2007). After the world war two the global peace was achieved to some extent, however inflation and underdevelopment was still common in many countries. In 1940s, United Nations was formed to preserve world peace and, to boost economic advancement around the world. Migration flow was from poor and developing countries to developed countries. This migration pattern was slowed down in 1970s, during which countries like United States began to put restrictions on the migrants with low or poor skills. Migration was still allowed for people with skills and moral education to boost the skills of developed countries. These restrictions caused excess demand for immigrants and as a result, those who lacked skills began to enter many countries as illegal immigrants (Guild and Joanne, 2005). The direction of international migration changed to a great extent in the middle of the 20th century, during migration to United States, Canada, and Europe declined from countries such as Latin America, Asia and Africa. In the 1940s United States used to receive over a million immigrants per year, meaning almost ten million migrants in a decade. In 1960s United States changed its laws regarding immigrants to regulate the flow of migrants. The law was later adjusted to check the flow of illegal immigrants, and to tighten border control of illegal immigrants. In the 1950s Europe became a vital source of migrants to United States due to worlds war two. Many Europeans migrated to the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Australia in search for better economic conditions. When the European Union came into existence, the migration within the Union allowed many people to move to work in different European nations, provided that they had a visa. This was facilitated by trade liberalization and capital mobility as well as well improved transportation mechanisms (Geddes, 2011). Conclusion International migration has remained one of the main issues that impact the lives of all people around the globe. International migration involves many issues that must be considered by those moving to foreign lands. The movement of people has both positive and negative consequences to the individuals, their families, and the national economies as well. Legal migration can help boost the lives of individuals when all legal procedures are followed. Iover a million many countries deal with. Many countries have created legal provisions to curb the surge of illegal migrants to their borders. References Geddes, Andrew. International Migration. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2011. Print. Guild, Elspeth, and Joanne van Selm.International migration and security: opportunities and challenges. London: Routledge, 2005. Print. Koser, Khalid. International migration: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. O?zden, C?aglar, and Maurice W. Schiff.International migration, economic development & policy. Washington, DC: World Bank ;, 2007. Print. Solimano, Andre?s. International migration in the age of crisis and globalization historical and recent experiences. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. Read More