Finance & Accounting Essays

The SOX act of 2002, an abbreviation of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, is an accountancy law that set new laws and enhanced standards for all public company boards within the United States, its management, as well as the firms in public accountancy.

The examples of audit failures are spread all across the corporate world. The failure events are also constantly rising as despite constant penalties and overcoming efforts by the regulatory authorities. According to Zhang, & Zhang (2009), audit failure results when the audit report does not highlight the distortion of serious level in the financial statements.

ASSIGNMENT – TRIMESTER THREE, 2012-13 ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OVER A TWO YEAR PERIOD 2011 AND 2012 ACCOUNTING FOR DECISION MAKING Executive Summary This report sets out a detailed ratio analysis of the financial statements of Myer Holdings Ltd. and Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd.

The Moral Majority saw the media as a corrupter of family values. The shows All in the Family and MASH were two examples. In All in the Family, Archie Bunker was a metaphor for working-class backlash against liberal values. MASH, to the Moral Majority, was an example of “how liberal values dominated the media”( text, 932).

The $49.00 (or $51) buyout price compared to what is now a $28.64 to $49.10 trading range of the last 52-week period but quite low compared to the $60-$70 stock price in 2008. There is a risk that shareholders may not approve the price offered by XOM. Another risk of an all-stock deal is the risk of devaluation of your stocks in the buyer company.

Internal controls aim to comply with the relevant laws and regulations as well. Internal controls can be synonymous to self-monitoring, where the company will be able to achieve its goals by managing and looking over to itself. In this way, efficiency in operations and compliance to the law will be ensured.

Both forms of capitals have their advantages and disadvantages. It is the corporation’s and management’s responsibility to find the optimum capital structure in terms of risk and reward primarily for the operating strategy and maximizing of total shareholder returns.

Damiani Group was founded by Enrico Damiani in Italy, back in 1924 aiming to deliver a wide range of jewelry products. The business has developed itself over the years through its prestigious brands; Salvini, Alfieri, St. John, Bliss, and Calderoni. The company has expanded itself into the overseas market by opening international subsidiaries in the United States, Japan, Switzerland and a few other Asian countries.

The financial statements are of different kinds, namely the statement of financial position, statement of comprehensive income, statement of cash flows and the statement of changes in equity. Business entities and corporations are required to keep the financial statements for auditing purposes since it is the financial statements that external parties can gage the performance of the business.

The performance of any department can be evaluated in a number of ways, among which the fulfillment of budgets is considered the prime way vital. This particular report emphasizes focused on evaluating the performance evaluation of the laundry department on the basis of based on revised budgeted estimates.

In addition, operating system changeover on their PCs is faster than that of their competitors as they are in direct touch with their customers. The policy also means that savings are passed on to customers much faster in the case where component cost is declining.

The paper deals with the analysis of the product offered by Americana Group Company, which is based in Kuwait and operates in the Middle East and North Africa region. The company is categorized under the banner of successful companies operating in the sector of restaurants, manufacturing consumer food and other food-related products.

The company’s business has been arranged in two distinct divisions – one related to food items and the other one related to almond. Both divisions are engaged in production, processing, and sale of their respective items. Furthermore, the company has four wholly owned subsidiaries that have businesses closely knitted with their parent company’s business.

The initial investment of the company is calculated as $158,640,700. The payback period is the time in which the initial investment of the project will be recovered (Peterson, and Fabozzi, 2002)The company is able to recover its initial investment in 2.8 years, and the rest of the stream after 2.8 years is Net cash inflow of the project.

Using time-series data of more than 34 years, the paper has examined some important aspects of FX momentum. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the unsystematic and systematic risks, comparing different momentum strategies, describing the importance of transaction costs, sources for non-standard momentum, and over and under reaction.

This was a rare happening since most CEO ousters take effect a few weeks after their announcements, in order to allow enough time to manage transition in management. The immediate effective ushering out of Pandit by Citi board of directors raises many questions to the public.

Notwithstanding the availability of a high population, which translates to a more diverse market, there are several aspects of business culture that an organization needs to understand, before making a long-term investment decision in China. Such cultures include avoiding discussing business maters during meals, avoiding tipping government officials, arriving in time, slow business decision making process and making appointments.

Your paper has shown some evidence to suggest that the baby-boom retirement will have a negative effect on financial asset returns, but it does not support the claim that it will cause a dramatic decline in stock prices or returns. Make an attempt to choose appropriate variables based on the existing empirical and theoretical literature on the economic and demographic determinations of stock returns mostly by Geankoplos, Magill and Quinzii for a strong argument in future.

All the issues coming out of the case can be solved to a reasonable level, if not in totality, by principles put into place by international bodies like the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the United States’ Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

If only the social and economic development is taking place, that is referred to as “equitable”, whereas, if only the environmental and economic development takes places, that is referred to as “viable” (Chick & Micklethwaite, 2011). Sustainability occurs only when all three dimensions develop simultaneously; that is, it is bearable, equitable and viable.

The size of the investment is still a matter of discussion but if the report recommends the investment in BSkyB then the pension fund managers will seek to purchase up to a maximum of 3% of the total issued share capital. The report will include historical data of the BSkyB Corporation and it will focus on the future prospects for the company.

Strategic planning and Financial Analysis Ratios Customer’s name Institution Instructor’s Name: Course Name Strategic Planning and Financial Analysis Ratios Strategic planning is the process of developing and maintaining consistency between the organizational objectives and resources and its changing opportunities.

Terms of the bailout that grant the government regulatory powers restrict management’s powers over the company and stockholders’ authority. Significant bailouts in the industry also have the disadvantage of granting the government more powers in the industry towards similar effects as those of nationalization.

The statements may be prepared in certain future period and enable the manager fund required. ?The funds required are determined: after drawing the projections in terms of marketing activities, sale of products and the production cost, finance manager draws up a plan of the required funds depending on the time factor.

In order to restore the economy of America, different tax provisions to bring about development, job creation and growth of the economy have been made. Based on my research, the proposal that I believe to be the most viable and financially attractive to America’s economy and to the taxpayersis the temporary tax relief to create jobs.

The international accounting standard board (IASB) and Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as adopted by various companies all around the world have issued certain accounting pronouncements pertaining to the accounting treatment of research and development expenditure in financial statements.

 In terms of its operations in the People’s Republic of China, this bank is the second largest commercial bank and in terms of market capitalization, it is the fifth largest in the world. The bank went public in the year 2006. The bank has its operations all over the world which includes the Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe, etc.

According to Bagus, they both produce the base money to finance their respective governments (n.p.). This role aims to fulfill their objectives in price stability and supplementing the monetary system. The production of this base money occurs mystically to keep the money in the circulation and service government debts.

Over the last few years, the cost of services and goods offered by this company experienced a dramatic increase. In response, this company registered decline in sale because many customers were not able to afford the same. Peaceful Pastures Funeral Homes, Inc responded by designing its products to allow customers to prepay for the services and goods.

They jointly implement the monetary policy which is set by the Federal System. Every Federal Reserve banks governs the regulation of commercial banks in their district. Alexander Hamilton, the first secretary of treasury of United States, proposed the idea of instituting a National Bank in order to develop the country in terms of all the financial aspects.

This statement can be delivered maximum amount of weightage by way of reviewing the similar sayings of Dr. Robert Kaplan and Dr. David Norton who are responsible for creation of the balanced scorecard during the 1990s, which has served as a top-down organization system.

According to Armitage (2011), his rejection of this view is in reaction to his claim that the definition lacks the aptitude to address the present loss of time gaps, the telescoping inherent in industrial and post industrial actions. Furthermore, the extensive concept of globalization is leading to the upper echelons of human modernity which is cultivated by technology and media coercion.

A central bank or a reserve bank is a public/government-owned institution that mainly issues currency, regulates the supply of money and also controls the country’s interest rate is also known as a monetary authority. Its other duty includes overseeing the commercial banking system of their respected countries. 

This also shows the company has poor operating cost control too which has led to such a drastic fall in profits this year. Another concerning area seen this year that caused the profitability to lower down too is the increase in the interest expense of the company, which has increased from $ 18m to $ 32m.

Due to the sophisticated nature of the business, the business was opened in the form of retail outlet such that the only retail outlet of the business is situated in the well off shopping arena of Birmingham city, i.e. Bullring Shopping Centre. Bullring is mainly famous for providing the customers those brands, which are highly rated and liked by the customers such as Apple in Information Technology based products, Vodafone in the field of telecommunication carrier industry and many other popular brands, which catch the attention of their respective customers.

The director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics blamed the undervaluation of the currency of China for job losses in the country of the United States. The director also drew a plan of action if China did not withdraw the control of currency and permitted the renminbi (RMB) to gain strength.

The respondents were Leo Martinez, Acting Chancellor and Dean of Hastings College of Law, University of California; Jacqueline Ortega, Student Services Director; the Board of Directors of Hastings College of Law, University California: Donald Bradley, Tina Combs, Maureen Corcoran, Marci Dragun, Carin T.

Openness can include inventive or curious and consistent or cautious. Conscientiousness entails within it efficient or organized and easy-going or careless, while extraversion comprises of outgoing or energetic and solitary or reserved. The fourth factor of agreeableness has within it friendly or compassionate and cold or unkind while the last one, neuroticism has sensitive or nervous and secure or confident in it.

Motivation is one of the earliest concerns of organisational behaviour and links between a motivated workforce and increased performance led managers to strive toward ‘motivating’ their workforces in an attempt to reduce alienation (Wilson & Rosenfeld, 1990). It is fair to assume that every organisation wants to have committed employees.

CAPM is a quantitative tool for analyzing the return of particular security with the risk associated of that particular security with respect to the overall market risk. This model was presented by William Sharp in 1964. Some other financial experts like Lintner and Mossini also explained and purified CAPM and its interpretation in later years.  

In conclusion, accounting research showed stock buybacks can be disastrous for a firm. This was the case of computer giant Hewlett-Packard which spent $8.2 billion buying shares between November 1998 until October 2000; by January 2001, the share price was only half of the $64 average price it paid in the buyback program.

Strategies generally used in programs to reduce HIV treatment non-adherence include education material regarding the dangers of non-adherence and the benefits of adherence, teaching the patients methods of memory cues regarding timings of dosages, and the use of alarms and other cues obtained from immediate surroundings.

The concept of cash flow ratios is not new to accounting. The fundamental use of a cash flow statement is to measure and evaluate financial performance. However, if cash flow information is significant and useful but unutilized, this would lead to conclude that analysts are not evaluating data as they should evaluate them (Carslaw and Mills,1991).

In the UK, PPPs have been used in various public sectors for the roads, IT services, hospitals, education etc. the most common form of PPP that was launched in the UK in the year 1992 includes the Private Finance Initiatives (PFI) which is contrary to the traditional model where the public sector bought assets from the private sector firms and had rights over it.

The company can consider effective marketing strategies by identifying its key markets and key customers, which can boost up its business to flourish and venture into newer areas having huge business potential. The company can also form tie-ups with other expert companies and thus leverage the expertise of that company.

With a continuous development of the mankind and human civilisation the implication of accounting and its importance also have changed to a considerable amount. As stated by Elliott & Elliott (2007), “Accountants are communicators

Consequently, the US economy is currently in a state of frail and fragile economic revival. Thus, for majority of Americans, the present recovery period feels almost akin to the economic recession period itself. This is because, due to the declining tax revenues and budget reserves post the recession, almost all the states of the US have formulated spending cuts in the budget.

The NPV presents a positive value, the alternative may be selected for the company’s capital budgeting policies. If the NPV of the project is calculated at 8%, then the NPV of the project comes to $171.47. Thus comparing these two alternatives at two different costs of capital, the second option would be preferred by the company since its NPV is higher.

[2 marks] Nowadays the trading systems are extremely popular in trading. It has simplified a lot of steps and specified a huge opportunity to save one's money and time. In the trading systems the definition states that they are sets of systems, indicators and parameters which permit formative entry and exiting points throughout trading.

Forecasting a firm's financial statements can help both financial managers and general managers. Financial statements help the financial manager plan the firm's financial needs.  With an estimate of future income statements and balance sheet accounts, a manager can tell how much financing might be needed, and when it might be needed.