Hispano-Americans as a Wide Spread Community - Research Paper Example

?Hispanics in America Background: The word Hispanic was used by the confederate government in the year 1970's to direct the people took birth in any Spanish-speaking country of the American continent or those having their ancestry in Spain or any Spanish colonies. Of course this shows a wide range of nations and ethnic crowds with variety of social, political as well as emotional experiences and divergence. Most Hispano-Americans see them in according to their particular ethnic ipseity, being a Mexican American or Puerto Rican or Cuban, etc. without members of a bigger, much more enigmatical word Hispano-American or Latin-American. Around 2000, 32.5 000000 Hispano-Americans settled in the U.S. consisting near about 12 % of the net crowd. In the period 1990 to 2000, the Hispano-American population grew by almost 10000000 people, accounting for 38 % of the country’s total growth of population as the decade was running. Hispano-Americans are anticipated to be the 51 % of the people between the 2000 and 2050 which will lead the Hispano-Americans being the 98 000000 by the mid century, so showing about 25 % of the net United States population and significantly more than their current population. Around 2000, Hispano-Americans were the biggest minority community already among the kids and, by 2005, Hispano-Americans outdone Blacks as the country’s largest minority community among all. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) Hispano-Americans are a wide spread community having individuals of various roots and races. Biggest Hispano-American subcommunity in the U.S. is of the Mexican roots, in 1997, they consisted of almost 66 % of the Hispano-American crowd. Other Hispano-American sub communities came from the Central or the South of American continent are of 15 % from Puerto Rico and Cuba 9 % and 4 % consecutively lastly rest the Hispano-American nations 6 %. Of the Hispano-Americans currently living in U.S., 62 % took birth in U.S. 32 % had both of their parents born and brought up in U.S. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) This was greater than the 29 % of native-born Hispano-Americans with minimum one parent born in foreign, and much less than of Whites and Blacks with percentages 88 and 90 consecutively, both of whose parents are born natively. Asia-Pacific Islanders were less similar than Hispano-Americans, black or white to get possessed by two native-born parents of United States. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) The Hispanic population is increasing rapidly as the days are going by in proportion to the white and black kids. As we reach 2020 it is anticipated that every fifth child will have his or her root in Hispanic origin. Recently, Hispanic kids account for every sixth child. The steadily increasing Hispanic crowd below 18 years is an attribute to the increased emigration and also to the comparatively higher fertility rate per year of Hispano-American women. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) Immigration: The Hispanic people in the U.S. is increasing fast and in coming days will turn into the biggest minority group. It is very common to walk through the roads of a city in America today and listen to Spanish words. In 1950 less than 4000000 United States civilians were found from Spanish spoken countries. Nowadays the number grew to 45000000. About 50 % of Hispanics in U.S. have migrated from Mexico. The rest 50 % migrated from various countries such as El Salvador with Dominican Republic as well as Colombia. 36% of the Hispano-Americans in the U.S. live around California. Lots of other states posses’ large Hispano-American populations, including the Texas, New York states like Illinois, Florida are in the list also where numerous Cubans escaping the Castro incumbency have set down. Most of them were illegal immigrants. However, they have now settled down well. There are numbers of Cuban Americans inside Miami so the largest newspaper of the city Miami Herald presents different versions in English as well as Spanish. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) People think about Hispano-Americans as the newest, most current group taking entry to the land of America. This flawed perception is maximum for the media exposure given to Hispano-American people around the 1980's, just after the board of Census presented their 1980 denouement. Their statistics showed that Hispano-Americans were the most fast growing community in the United States, which will become the biggest minority crowd very soon. People catalyzed the increment with emigration, neglecting the long past of Hispano-Americans in the U.S. Hispano-American heritage in United States is rooted long ago. As the foundation of Plymouth in 1620 took place along with the celebration of Santa Fe on it’s first ever decade as well as St. Augustine celebrating its 55th year. Spanish set downs grown into the southwest part of today's United States and inside the Gulf coast as well as the peninsula of Florida. Some Latin-Americans can find their ancestors in the past years. Other Hispano-American groups similar to the Puerto Ricans preferred not to migrate to United States but to get absorbed into the gradual American expansions on the edge of 19th century. Puerto Ricans got their American citizenship around 1917. Financial depressions and the world wars condemned lot of Puerto Rican to transmigrate to have better openings. Their recent political status still troubles many thinking about Puerto Rico as a foreign country. (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 1) Education: If students are involved in programs of preprimary then it shall in a way help these students to the level of elementary school. Around nineteen percent Hispanic children shall not be enrolled in primary education in the centre-based programs at the age of three. Black and white children shall get more chance in this case. In the year 1999, around twenty-six percent of Hispanic children of three years were taken into account. During this time, 47% whites and on the other hand, the black were of only 60%. All the students belong to the age group of 3 years. When these students reached the age of four the gap between the enrolment rates of Hispanic and the whites were diminished. The percentage accounted for this cause was lower to that for those black children whose enrolment rate was eighty-one percent. By the time the age of the children were five the percentage of children who were enrolled in this education system of pre-primary system was 89 percent. Here again we find any differences in the enrolment of the white children which is ninety-three percent. It has been seen that both the percentage are lower if enrollment of near universal is considered which ninety nine percent of black is. (Llagas and Snyder p. 33-45) Between the year 1972 and 2000, there was an increment in the percentage. The increase was 11% and on the other hand, the total minority percentage increased to 17 points. If a proper comparison is made then we shall find that the rise in percentage of the black students in between 1972 and 2000 is only 2%. (Llagas and Snyder p. 33-45) If a proper check is made considering the characteristics and the conditions of the demographic situation of various schools, one should also look at these Hispanic schools with this respect. All most around two third students of the Hispanic schools come from the large cities or from the urban fringe of these large cities. To check on the comparison, the students of White public school reside less in large cities than those of the Hispanic public school. The percentage of students residing in large cities of the Hispanic are 32% and those of the white public school are 6 percent. Those who reside in rural areas are fourteen percent versus forty percent. If a comparison is done between the students of black public school and those of the students of Hispanic school, we see a large number of the latter school students reside in huge cities and that of the former lives more in rural areas or towns. (Llagas and Snyder p. 33-45) The rate of students dropping out is higher for the Hispanic students and lower for the white and black students. There are adults who are young, they do not finish their studies completely and hence they earn less or they are likely to be unemployed than with those students who complete their course of studies. There is a rate known as the status drop out, which is given by the General Education Development (GED) credential. This credential carries the detail of those students who have either are out of the school or have not received a credential of a high school. However, this particular rate has decreased over time. The rate is average now and it is attributable to those who are the immigrants amongst the Hispanic students. It has been seen that one-half of these Hispanic students have never bothered to get themselves enrolled in a U.S. school. These students are treated as dropouts in the high school level in their own country. Hispanic adult, if compared with their black and white counterpart do not complete high school. This also mirrors out the status quo or the drop rates. (Llagas and Snyder p. 45-52) Large numbers of Hispanic do attend college. Over 20 years, there has been a rise in percentage of the Hispanics going for enrollment in the college, but still the percentage remains low when compared with their counter parts. The reason behind such a massacre is that the high dropouts amongst the students of the Hispanic school and that too of the immigrants, is a factor. It is for sure that students who are incapable of completing their high school education shall not be considered fit for enrollment in the college. (Llagas and Snyder p. 45-52) Most of the U.S. citizens who are amongst the young adult of the Hispanic school do enroll their name in the college than those of the general young adults. This enrollment factor is taken care by both increase in population proportion and that of the growth of population. However, there has been a rapid increase in the enrollment percentage. Amongst the students of Hispanic school still we find a disproportionate distribution of the students. Since there is a relatively high enrollment of the Hispanic in the two-year college degree courses, we see a huge number for the associate degree than the normal bachelor’s degree. (Llagas and Snyder p. 45-52) Health: The mortality rate amongst the infants has declined for every ethnic and racial group between the years 1983 and 1999. The mortality rates for the infants have decreased from 9.5 in the year 1983 to 5.7 in the year 1999. If the mortality rates for the infants are compared for the year1999, we see that it was 5.8 for the whites, 4.8 for the Asian islanders, 2.3 for the American Indians/Alaska natives, and it was 14.1 for the Blacks. Amongst the sub groups of the Hispanic, we saw that the infant mortality rate was low for the South American, Cubans and that of the Central America, which is 4.7 each where as Puerto Rico had the highest mortality rate with 8.3. The mortality rate for child has also decreased since 1980’s. Taking the example of child mortality rate in the year 1999 was 32.1 for the child of ages 1 – 4. This rate was lower as recorded in the year 1985, which were 46.1. (Llagas and Snyder p. 70-85; Kemp, 1; Management Sciences for Health, 7-12) These are the similar rates found in the case of White children of the same age. There was also a decline from the usual status of 1985, which were 45.3 to the 1999 rate of 29.7. The rate of the Hispanic children in the year 1999 was on half of the black children which was (58.9) but it was also one half times of that of the Asian children of the Islanders. For children ages 5 to 14, the 1999 mortality rate among Hispanic children was 16.9, again similar to that for Whites of the same ages (17.5), but lowers than that for Blacks (28.7). (World Book, p 47-75; Llagas and Snyder p. 70-85) Work force: The rate of unemployment for the Hispanics was 4.4 percent in compared with the rate of unemployment to that of white and black individuals whose rates were 2.4 and 5.4 percent. Amongst the youngster, the rate was high; it was 16.7 percent for the age group of 16-19 and 7.5 percent for the age group of 20-24. This particular pattern is same for the Blacks and the white’s population is taken into account. Students who have received high school counseling’s, the unemployment factor or the rate for these Hispanics was 7.8 percent if one compares it with the Hispanics of the age20 -24 and one who has the bachelor degree then the rate is 4.3 percent. There is a slight exception, which is that the students get fewer jobs that have a bachelor’s degree than those who are holding an associate degree. The earnings of the male Hispanics are lower than that of the Whites in most of the levels of education apart from that of the level of master degree. The difference is apparent and is not significant statistically. (World Book, p 47-75; Llagas and Snyder p. 70-85) If the level of education increases, then one shall be able to see the difference in the income structure of the Hispanics and the whites. The median average earning of the woman in the Hispanic sector of age 25 or older is $6,500 less than that of the White women. There are women who have completed their high school but have failed to complete the college credits; in this case, the Hispanic women have earned less than the Whites have. This is also true that the Hispanic women holding a bachelor’s degree earn less than their White counterpart does. (Llagas and Snyder p. 70-85; Adecco 3-5) In the professional and the managerial sector a very small portion of the blacks as well as the Hispanics were given a chance. The story is same for the Hispanic and the black women too. But if we check on all the racial and the ethnic group we shall find that the women get more chance of employment than the male counterpart. (Adecco 3-5) Conclusion: On the basis of the discussion above it can be concluded that Hispanic are still the minorities in USA and they are treated as Minorities in the all the spheres of life. Although, they have made significant progress in education, health, work force participation and so on, they are still lagging behind the whites and even black people. In white color jobs, their presence is quite low compared to whites and blacks. This is mainly due to lack of higher education. Thus they are having lower standard of living on average compared to the whites and the blacks as well. They should be more careful about their status and took some careful steps in developing themselves. References: 1. Llagas, Charmaine and Thomas D. Snyder. Status and Trends in the Education of Hispanics. U.S. Department of Education. 2003. 2. U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany. Hispanic Americans. 2010. Retrieved from http://usa.usembassy.de/society-hispanics.htm on 6th April, 2011. 3. World Book. Hispanic Americans WorldBook, Inc. 2007. Retrieved from http://www.worldbook.com/wb/Article?id=ar257790&st=history+hispanic+immigration on 6th April, 2011. 4. Kemp, Charles. Mexican & Mexican-Americans: Health Beliefs & Practices Cambridge University Press. November 2004. Retrieved from http://www3.baylor.edu/~Charles_Kemp/hispanic_health.htm on 6th April, 2011. 5. Adecco. The emerging Hispanic workforce. 2010. Retrieved from http://www.adeccousa.com/Attachments/hispanic_wf_wp.pdf on 6th April, 2011. 6. Management Sciences for Health. The provider’s guide to quality & culture: Hispanics/Latinos and cardiovascular disease. Retrieved from http://erc.msh.org/provider/informatic/HL_CVD_Overview.pdf on 6th April, 2011. Read More