Australia Government Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme - Case Study Example

Running Header: Australia Government Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course Code: Date of Submission: Australia Government Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) is a planned system of cap-and–trade of emissions, trading for human activities on greenhouse gases. This scheme is due to be introduced in 2010 in Australia by Rudd government as a part of climate change policy. This scheme marks a key change in Australian energy policy. This policy was started by Labor party before it came into power. After winning the elections and forming the government, Labor published a Green paper to be commented and discussed. Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme is an approach that is market based to greenhouse gas pollution as it is outlined in the Green paper to be implemented in 2010 (Anne and Western Australia Dept. of Agriculture and Food, 2009). The Australian government main concern is to ensure that the scheme design is correct so as to complement the integrated economic policy framework. The government wants it to be consistent with the commercial strategy. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme main objectives include meeting Australia’s emissions reduction targets in cost effective and most flexible ways. The other objectives were to support an efficient response to global climate change, and providing transitional support for those firms and households that are mostly affected. Carbon pollution Reduction Scheme is a good initiative by the Australian government towards reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and eventually reduction of global warming. The carbon scheme is not only helpful to Australia as a continent but world in whole. This Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme will to a greater extent reduce the greenhouse gases concentration, and hence reduced global warming effects. This project or scheme will help reduce the dangers associated with climate changes associated with greenhouse effects. In my view, it is an initiative that needs to be embraced by all nations all over the globe which mind about the dangers and effects of green house gases and global warming. The proposed scheme or project is an important platform or foundation in the Government policy of reducing amount of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. Carbon pollution Reduction Scheme is an excellent action which needs to be recommended and supported. Australian government has taken a good measure towards ensuring good environmental outcomes are achieved greatly. This is an opportunity that will enable Australia reduce the effects of carbon in the country and world in general which will assist in achievement of good environmental outcome. Carbon Production Reduction Scheme is an excellent project towards reducing the amount of carbon released in the atmosphere. Unless such a step and objectives are taken into consideration as early as the Australia has done, there will be continued increased production of Carbon dioxide. It is a good process aimed at reducing the level of pollution being caused by the emergency of new production and manufacturing industries. Although the Scheme will have an effect on the prices of goods manufactured, it will result to investment of low-emissions technologies allover the country. The subsequent effects are more advantageous that the effects being impacted currently on the prices of goods and services. This is a project that will make industries or firms responsible for large emissions of carbon into the environment are able to monitor and check their emissions. However, they are a lot of effects that comes along with Implementation of this scheme. This includes reduction of number of industries due to the strict laws that will be enforced to them and loss of employment as the industries will move out of Australia. This is due to strict measures that scheme will have on the industries. There will also be a heavy tax burden on the people of Australia who will have to bear that burden. The high taxes will due to the money of compensation to industries that government will require (Peter, 2008). Worthiness of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Reduction Scheme is not worthwhile when analyzed critically. Although it is advisable for Australia government to implement the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme in order to reduce carbon emission, it is not worth in terms of economic gain to Australia as general. The implementation of this scheme is not meaningful in Australia because it will cause more adverse effects on the people of Australia than the benefits it will bring to the world. Although a step towards emission of green house gases is recommendable, it does not bring significant benefits in terms of gains to the people of Australia. The scheme will force them to get deeper into their pockets to fund the government in form of taxes for compensation. The scheme is not worthwhile as it will lead to closure of some mines. This will adversely affect the employment sector as well as energy sector due to stopping of coal exploration. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme is not valuable as it will lead to adoption of renewable energy sources like the wind, geothermal and solar. These sources of energy are associated with small production of power that will eventually affect the industrial and manufacturing sector. Renewable sources are not reliable sources of energy; therefore, there is no need of doing away with non-renewable sources of energy as main supplies of energy in Australia. This is because it will result to increased cost of power production and use (Ian, 2009). Australia being ninth contributor of greenhouse gas emission in the world by 2000 can have relative changes on the effects of global warming even without adopting its carbon pollution reduction scheme. Although Australian strategies are extremely important towards reduction of carbon emissions in the globe, the percentage of carbon it releases to the atmosphere is extremely small. In year 2000, Australia was responsible of releasing only 25.9 tons of carbon production into the atmosphere. In the recent research, Australia has become fourteenth world wide contributing only 1.5 percent of the carbon release in the globe. This compares to USA and China which produces 25.2 and 15.2 percentage respectively (NationalMaster.com, 2010). Australia produces some moderately amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This means that the reductions of carbon emission by Australia can reasonably affect the amount of effects caused by global warming due to carbon effects. Therefore, the steps and strategies by Australian government through Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme can be of no significance all the same. It is not worthwhile to be embraced and adopted by Australian government due to high rate of effects it will have to its people. Australia strategies will not have any beneficial effects on the global climate control and therefore not worthwhile to be implemented. The quantities of carbon release from Australia are extremely small hence reducing and eliminating them will not bring any considerable change to the quantities of carbon in the atmosphere (Hester and Harrison, 2009). Australia is responsible for only small amounts of global emissions. Therefore, Australia must put all the efforts available to pursue global solution in the effects of global warming rather than doing it alone. Strategies by Australia will not make it possible to change and address the climatic change in the whole world. Australian action will only affect its economy without significant change of amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Harm of Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme to Australian people Australian people will suffer from heavy taxation that will be imposed to them by the government. Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme will force the government to impose the burden of taxation to the families and business people. This will enable the government to get enough money to compensate industries to reduce the carbon emission. This will affect the families and business people directly because the government will have no other alternatives but to tax them, this will make life hard in terms of economic survival and other financial survival ways. The small business will have to bear extra costs that will be induced by government. This is likely to make small business to stop. The Australian governments will need $140billion as a form of tax to compensate for the scheme implementation. This money will be gotten from people of Australia who can rarely afford it. The labor Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme tax will make self funded retirees and pensioners pay for their electricity and transport which will be very high for most of them. This is another impact that it will have on the people of Australia. Another major harm it will cause to the people of Australia will be increased rate of unemployment. This is because most of the industries will move to other regions in the world where the environment regulations are not strict. Industrial owners and mangers like places where laws are not strict; they like areas where they are not pressed by laws hence massive movement of industries from Australia. There will be extremely high number of people who will be rendered jobless. The closure of some mines will also have a severe effect on the Australian population. This is because of number of people who are employed will have to stop working. The movement of industries to other countries will mean goods will have to be imported from other countries hence increased prices (Miller, Agnes and John, 2010). The Carbon Scheme will bring benefits and some harm as well. The implementation of the scheme will cause the rise of goods and services prices as the industries and other sectors of economy will try to adjust to the new measures. The sale and also allocation of carbon pollution permits will increase the production cost. The cost of household cost and their prices will move up as CPRS will cause inflation. All house hold items including milk and breads will have their prices increased due to high increased price of production as industries will try to adjust to new measures. The scheme will force to adjust to other means of energy production like renewable sources which brings other costs with its implementation. The use of renewable energy is usually associated with low energy production; this will have an adverse effect on the overall production on the manufacturing and industrial sector. The use of other energy alternatives will mean increased cost of electricity due to lower amounts of electricity that renewable sources produce. This will mean an increased electricity cost to the people of Australia. This will not be afforded by most of the families and some will end up with access of power. Application of GSI in Civil Engineering GIS plays a major role in civil engineering fields and organizations through the support of infrastructure phases of management. Geographical Information System (GIS) is any system used in civil engineering to capture, store, analyze, manage, or even present data linked to a specific area or location. GIS involves the merging together of cartography and database technology. GIS is used in land surveying, photogrammetric, geography, remote sensing, localized search engines, management of emergency, and navigation. GIS technology is used in improving surveying and mapping in civil engineering sector. GIS allows civil engineers to share and even manage data that enables clear understanding of reports and visualization. GIS is used as a tool to design, analyze, and implement effective as well as efficient solutions. GIS is used to select, analyze, prioritize, and implementing engineering projects. GIS is also used to facilitate analysis, management, decision making, design and modeling in hydrology, surveying, geotechnical, hydraulics, transportation, and other areas of civil engineering. GIS applications or uses are also in transportation system where it is used to analyze transportation system, design highway, forecasting of travel demand like in the major highways, modeling and analysis of hydrologic or hydraulic, management of water resources, monitoring of environment, utilities and infrastructure management among others. GIS is a system that has many applications in the civil engineering sector. It helps in solving several problems related with civil engineering and transportation sector. GIS is used in developing and implementing suitable solutions to site selection and preparation, and development and implementation of appropriate environmental issues. GIS is also used in mapping and surveying in integration with other technologies referred as Global Positioning Systems (GPS). GIS is as well used to stimulate events of floods through modeling where it is used in design, analysis as well as implementation (Paul, 2005). GIS is used in stimulating events through modeling as well as assisting in design, analysis and implementation of flood events. GIS is one of the effective technologies used in managing floodplains in civil engineering. It is used to outline areas with temporal, inundated or spatial predication of changes in flooding patterns. It is also used in assessing and evaluating pre-flood and post-flood planning. It is used to alleviate effects of economic, social and environmental factors associated with flooding that may occur. In the application or use of data in GIS, it is important to ensure accurate and precise data is collected. Accurate and precise data is usually considered to provide accurate results or information. GIS is a framework that is extremely vital for use and distribution of assets as well as monitoring. It also used to assist in maintenance management, analysis and integration of large geographical information. GIS is used in collaboration with environmental monitoring programs to collect, integrate, manage and visualize geographical information. GIS is used to resolve transportation related problems especially in major cities where the issue of jam is a major concern. GIS technology is used to know and locate the exact location of addressing the problem. GIS is used to highlight the areas with bottle necks in order to eliminate those bottle necks and ease flow of traffic (Said, Yupo and American Society of Civil Engineers-Geographical Information Systems Committee, 2000). Risks in Civil Engineering Risk is any source of danger in a working environment. It is also a possibility of incurring a misfortune or loss. Possibility of harm or danger can also be referred to as risk. Risk is the exposure to injury, harm or loss. Risk may result in unwanted consequences due to some actions and decisions that are not wanting. Risk can as well be viewed as a future issue that can be mitigated or avoided rather than current problems; risk should be addressed as quickly as possible to avoid accidents in future. Risks in civil engineering should be addressed with immediate effect in order to reduce accidents that may take place or occur. Civil engineering involves building and designing of structures and buildings, it also involves building and designing of bridges and other infrastructures used by human beings in their day to day life. Therefore, it is important to take all precautions when designing in order to avoid any risk that may occur in future due to faulty construction. Civil engineering projects may cause disasters if they are designed properly and with a lot of precaution. Dams are other structures the filed of civil engineering that require a lot of precaution due to the risk they pose to people if not constructed precisely. Improper designed structure pose a great risk in future to those who use them. They even end up killing people if not corrected at the areas that pose the risk. Other areas and structures of civil engineering that pose a risk to the users include airports, rail lines, roads, bridges, canals, water systems and sewer. Risk management should be accompanied by risk analysis initially, this is a technique used to or designed to quantify the uncertainty impact. This analysis is used at the beginning of a project wit comparison of more than two alternative action plans or scenarios. This results to an action plan in order to avoid any risk that may occur or minimize the risk consequences. Therefore, there need to take into consideration all necessary measures through management of risk to ensure that there is no structure or equipment designed and made by civil engineers pose a threat to the users. Management of risk is a managerial tool used to support the decision maker. The management of risk initial step is to express the risk policy and goals by decision makers in criteria of acceptance operational risk (Fellin and Lessmann, 2005). In civil engineering, issue of risk is addressed form design to construction. Risks in Civil engineering occur due to faulty design, poor workmanship or use of inappropriate materials. Risk management involves several steps, it involves coming up with ideas and concepts to be involved. This is followed by planning and doing feasibility study of the project or structure to be designed. Investigations and tests are then carried out to ensure there are no risks involved or that may occur. Tests and investigation is a crucial process in managing the risk and avoiding it at the same time (James, 1970). Risk management usually results to a decision that is profitable as well as ensuring effective goals are reached. Effective management of risk results to the achievement of safe structures and buildings for human beings. References Anne, B. & Western Australia Dept. of Agriculture and Food. (2009). Agriculture and the Carbon pollution reduction scheme. Sydney: Western Australia, agriculture and food department. Fellin, W. & Lessmann, H. (2005). Analyzing uncertainty in Civil engineering. Berlin: Springer- Verlag. Hester, R. & Harrison, M. (2009). Carbon Capture and Storage. Victoria: Royal Society of Chemistry. Ian, N. (2009). Agro-forestry for Natural Resource Management. Michigan: CSIRO Publishing. James, M. (1970). Civil engineering management. California: American Elsevier Pub. Co. Miller, F., Agnes, V. & John, M. (2010). Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme. Sydney: VDM Publishing House Ltd. NationalMaster.com. (2010, January). Environmental Statistics> CO2 Emissions. Retrieved April 27, 2010, from http://www.nationmaster.com/red/pie/env_co2_emi-environment- co2-emissions Paul, L. (2005). Geographical information systems and science. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Peter, H. (2008). Carbon Pollution Reduction. Sydney: Morning Herald Press. Said, E., Yupo, C., & American Society of Civil Engineers-Geographical Information Systems Committee. (2000). Urban planning and development applications of GIS. California: ASCE Publications. Read More

It is a good process aimed at reducing the level of pollution being caused by the emergency of new production and manufacturing industries. Although the Scheme will have an effect on the prices of goods manufactured, it will result to investment of low-emissions technologies allover the country. The subsequent effects are more advantageous that the effects being impacted currently on the prices of goods and services. This is a project that will make industries or firms responsible for large emissions of carbon into the environment are able to monitor and check their emissions.

However, they are a lot of effects that comes along with Implementation of this scheme. This includes reduction of number of industries due to the strict laws that will be enforced to them and loss of employment as the industries will move out of Australia. This is due to strict measures that scheme will have on the industries. There will also be a heavy tax burden on the people of Australia who will have to bear that burden. The high taxes will due to the money of compensation to industries that government will require (Peter, 2008).

Worthiness of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme Reduction Scheme is not worthwhile when analyzed critically. Although it is advisable for Australia government to implement the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme in order to reduce carbon emission, it is not worth in terms of economic gain to Australia as general. The implementation of this scheme is not meaningful in Australia because it will cause more adverse effects on the people of Australia than the benefits it will bring to the world.

Although a step towards emission of green house gases is recommendable, it does not bring significant benefits in terms of gains to the people of Australia. The scheme will force them to get deeper into their pockets to fund the government in form of taxes for compensation. The scheme is not worthwhile as it will lead to closure of some mines. This will adversely affect the employment sector as well as energy sector due to stopping of coal exploration. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme is not valuable as it will lead to adoption of renewable energy sources like the wind, geothermal and solar.

These sources of energy are associated with small production of power that will eventually affect the industrial and manufacturing sector. Renewable sources are not reliable sources of energy; therefore, there is no need of doing away with non-renewable sources of energy as main supplies of energy in Australia. This is because it will result to increased cost of power production and use (Ian, 2009). Australia being ninth contributor of greenhouse gas emission in the world by 2000 can have relative changes on the effects of global warming even without adopting its carbon pollution reduction scheme.

Although Australian strategies are extremely important towards reduction of carbon emissions in the globe, the percentage of carbon it releases to the atmosphere is extremely small. In year 2000, Australia was responsible of releasing only 25.9 tons of carbon production into the atmosphere. In the recent research, Australia has become fourteenth world wide contributing only 1.5 percent of the carbon release in the globe. This compares to USA and China which produces 25.2 and 15.2 percentage respectively (NationalMaster.com, 2010).

Australia produces some moderately amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This means that the reductions of carbon emission by Australia can reasonably affect the amount of effects caused by global warming due to carbon effects. Therefore, the steps and strategies by Australian government through Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme can be of no significance all the same. It is not worthwhile to be embraced and adopted by Australian government due to high rate of effects it will have to its people.

Australia strategies will not have any beneficial effects on the global climate control and therefore not worthwhile to be implemented.

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