Sustainable Practice Journals - Assignment Example

Sustainable Practice Journals Journal Sustainability Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors: A Review of Multi-national and Global Trends” - by AnthonyA. Leiserowitz, Robert W. Kates, and Thomas M. Parris - 2004 Considering the first journal undertaken in this assignment the authors have noted various facts relating to numerous real-world examples wherein various individuals have accomplished their ultimate sustainable position. According to an in-depth understanding of the journal, it has been recognized that the authors have provided a clear and justifiable description about how attitude, behavioral traits and values perceived by individuals helps them to shape long-term sustainability. The journal articulates the efficacy of self-determination, which is also a dominant attribute of individuals for achieving ultimate satisfaction in life. In the context of value, the journal has provided five major efforts that have a major influence on individuals shaping their sustainable position. In this regard, the five major attributes include the historical chronology, taxonomy of sustainable developmental goals, the earth charter, millennium declaration, and continuous transitional scenario of the global environment. These efforts are the core factors in terms of setting trends towards sustainable development of values, attitudes and behavioral traits of each human being across the overall natural ecosystem (Leiserowitz et al., 2004). According to my understanding, I would like to mention that historical chronology along with different transitional stages is the core factors shaping attitude and behavioral skills of individuals. I believe that the changes in developmental goals are often influenced by different chronological facts. Moreover, I think that the severe changes in development of a global economy along with socio-cultural aspects also have a major influence on building effective behavioral skills and attitude for long term sustainability. In relation to the present day context, different scholars have provided numerous definitions and have described the impact of major factors that have a profound influence on shaping human attitude and behavioral skills over the various transition stages. In addition, the increasing pace of globalization along with the unabated fluctuation of the socioeconomic and political trends also has a similar impact towards changing the attitude and behavioral skills of the individuals (Rogerson et al., n.d.). With respect to the view of the scholars, I conjure that changing cultural aspects in terms of conserving continuous development in the living standards along with the unabated external forces are few of the key driving forces behind the major changes in the individuals’ attitude and behavioral traits. With due respect to the ultimate findings of the journal, it has been critically recognized that the factors such as values, attitude and behavioral skills of the human are undergoing major revolutionary changes due to the increasing transition of the macro-environmental factors (Leiserowitz et al., 2004). In this regard, I would like to affirm that the changing socioeconomic trends, political environment and technological evolution have substantially shaped dissimilar traits amid the individuals in their day-to-day life and has further helped to define their own goals and achievements. Journal 2: Good Leadership and Sustainability – Attitude, Agency and Structure - By Reinald Dobel The second journal selected in this sustainable journal practice is fundamentally about the significance of attitude to form a certain set of leadership style for long-term sustainability. Dobel has provided a major set of insights to the research and identified that a good leadership and strong sustainability are the two major outcomes of the attitudes along with agency and structure of a particular organization or an individual. In relation to the key findings observed in this journal, a critical assessment of the attitudinal attributes along with their continuous improvement fundamentally plays a major role for the individuals to promote sustainability of their self-growth or the wellness of the organization or community (Dobel, 2007). In this regard, I believe that the theory of individuals’ planned behavior defines the role of attitude towards building a sustainable growth. According to my understanding, the key concept of planned behavior generally includes the perceived behavioral controls and intentions of the individuals in order to perform any postulated role. In this context, intentions of individuals are generally assumed in order to mold an effective set of motivational factors that have a major influence on behavioral skills. They are considered as a set of indicators about how hard an individual is likely to try and how much effort that he/she has planned to contribute in order to practice a particular behavioral skill (Ajzen, 1991). In addition to the influence of self-contribution, I have also observed that the general rule of individuals’ behavioral skill provides a clear understanding towards adopting a particular behavioral skill. In this context, the general rule defines that the higher level of intention towards engaging within a particular behavioral skill is likely to influence the day-to-day performance of the individuals. In this context, it can be stated that the theory of planned behavior has direct influence on people to determine their level of sustainability or their amount of contribution towards a sustainable environment (Armitage & Conner, 2001). The following clear illustration of the theory of planned behavior, determines how it has direct influence on individuals to achieve sustainability. Fig: Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) With reference to the above illustration, the theory of planned behavior usually includes a clear functional method, which develops the behavioral skill of an individual. In relation to the theoretical model developed by Ajzen (1991), human behavior is primarily shaped by intentions that are fundamentally influenced by three major performance attributes, including perceived attitude towards the behavior; subjective norms, and perceived control capability of individuals towards the particular behavioral trait or skill (Kumar, 2012). In this regard, the key performance attributes often instigate me to believe that the theory of planned behavior has a major influence in terms of molding behavioral skills that lead to the achievement of the long-term sustainability. However, in various cases, it has also been recognized that the intentions that promotes individuals’ sustainability often involve changes. In this context, the changes in the perceived intention of the individuals are formed by different attributes such as commitment and confidence levels; passage of time; individual differences; long-run prediction; and perceived plan. On the other hand, goals/objectives and actions are few of the major elements that cause changes in the intention of the individuals (Lumpkin & Katz, 2011). With respect to the theory of planned behavior, drivers leading to change intentions of the individuals often make me to feel that they have a substantial impact on individuals to determine their potential sustainability in terms of self-growth or towards contributing a sustainable development in a community and/or organization (Jackson et al., 2012). Journal 3: Do Global Attitudes and Behaviors Support Sustainable Development? – by Anthony A. Leiserowitz, Robert W. Kates, and Thomas M. Parris Similar to the previous research, the research findings of Leiserowitz et al. (2005) also demonstrated a critical understanding about the elements that have a major influence on shaping individual attitude that further determine sustainability. According to third journal articles of this sustainable practice journal, the authors have apparently delineated sound sustainability and how it is being changed by the perceived attitude and behavior related factors. I have chosen this article because this article that it defines major leading factors that shape human values and attitude through an effective empirical research study. In relation to the findings of the article, a large number of influencing factors have been widely recognized that have a major influence on developing human value and attitude leading to impact on the environmental sustainability. The multinational survey conducted by the authors has enabled to perceive that the developmental drivers such as an emerging trend of population in the countries along with poverty, affluence and consumerism fundamentally determine perceived human value and attitude of the individuals of a nation (Leiserowitz et al., 2005). In this regard, I have critically identified that the sustainability is highly dependent on the attitude and behavioral traits of the individuals that are shaped by a few of the major economic and social and environmental factors. Over the past few years, developing and under-developed countries have witnessed that human development to undergo a severe deteriorating environment that has substantially worsened the growth of the nations (Leiserowitz et al., 2005). With regard to this fact, I have observed that there are a variety of conditions that lower the wellness of people across the worldwide. Unavailability of well-paying employment, the hazardous working environment, increasing numbers of vulnerable diseases along with soaring healthcare costs have substantially worsened the development and growth of human across the majority of worldwide (Senge, 2010; Sage Publications. n.d.). Therefore, the key findings of the article often make me believe that the unabated challenges associated with human development have a negative impact on the individuals’ attitude and behavioral skills. From this journal article, I have comprehended that sound sustainability remains as a big question for the individuals across developing and under-developed countries. Journal 4 “The Impact of Employees’ Personal Values on Their Attitudes Towards Sustainable Development: Cases of Slovenia And Romania” – by Carmen Elena Cirnu Bostjan Kuralt. The article has been selected as it emphasizes critically researching the major impact of individuals’ personal attitudes and values towards the goal of achieving sustainability. The primary aim of the article focuses on studying the influence of personal values on different environmental aspects that are prevalent to achieve sustainability. In this regard, the economic as well as social aspects have been duly considered in this research article (Cirnu & Kuralt, 2013). According to the understanding of various research articles, it is evident that various environmental factors determine the development of attitudes and behavioral skills of the individuals in terms of pursuing their predefined goals. Various experiences ranging from Eastern to Western nations have emphasized since the last few decades, which demonstrates individuals’ values along with their attitudes as the key attributes towards pursuing long-term sustainability (Cirnu & Kuralt, 2013; Manchiraju, n.d.). In relation to the various studies, it has been identified that the long-term sustainable development is often referred to a process of balancing between the three key elements, including economic, social and environmental stability (Pearson, 2011). In this regard, I have observed that the theoretical as well as empirical investigations presented in the article highlights the effort of the individuals in terms of shaping behavioral skills by balancing each key element of sustainability. In the context of personal values along with their perceived attitudes to pursue sustainability, perceived behavior, social attitude and ideological perceptions are the major driving factors of an individual. Moreover, in my opinion, the perceived value has a major influence on individuals in developing interpersonal, ethical, decision making as well as performance behaviors that are prevalent for achieving sustainability. In this regard, I firmly believe that the perceived value is a major determinant for individuals to pursue sustainability (Kibert et al., 2012). In addition to the key role of the individuals’ values, a positive association with the socio-cultural aspects along with adequate consciousness about the environmental efficiency has also been recognized to determine the optimal level of sustainability of the individuals (Darnton, 2008; Dunlop et al., 2000). In the context of sociocultural aspects, the article has yielded considerable knowledge and insights based on which I believe that equal priority and respect towards the cultural differences can be duly accepted in terms of determining sustainability. The process of conserving equalities and adequate respect towards cultural differences often enables individuals to gain a meaningful insight for achieving long-term sustainability (Pablos et al., 2011). Similar to the role of socio-cultural aspects, adequate emphasis on maintaining environmental wellness is also a major practice for the individuals to successfully achieve a sustainable development. In this regard, the adequate consciousness towards protecting and maintaining proper balance of the natural ecosystem is also a major part of an individual while seeking sustainability (Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002). According to the different research findings, the impact of personal values on the environmental factors has a major influence on an individual to achieve sustainability. Responding to the article, I reckon that giving equal priority of the environmental aspects as similar to the economic and social aspects substantially increase the possibility of a sustainable development of the individuals. Fig: Engagement Scale (Crown, 2011) Journal 5: “Sustainability Values, Attitudes, and Behaviors: A Review of Multinational and Global Trends” – by Anthony A. Leiserowitz, Robert W. Kates, and Thomas M. Parris - 2006 The journal article involves reviewing surveys regarding five key efforts to ascertain and proclaim that individual values are the key determinant of global sustainability. In this regard, the article explores the empirical trends in developing values, attitudes along with behavioral skills of individuals for human and economic sustainability. The key rationale of choosing this article, as it tends to clearly define the role of global attitudes, values, attitudes and behavioral skills of individuals that helps to develop human and economic condition as well. With due consideration to the review made by the authors, it has been recognized that the definitions of sound sustainable development include few major determinants such as nature, people, life support, economy, community and society. In this regard, the significance of few of the key determinants enables to obtain sustainable development. The following table describes that how the development of the factors can build sustainability. Fig: Definitions of Sustainable Development (Leiserowitz et al., 2006) In accordance with the key findings of the review made by the authors, I have critically identified that global attitudes are likely to have a major influence on the contextual values along with trends of human and economic development. The findings of the review often make me to determine that globalization, capitalism along with freedom and democracy has a prominent role in shaping the base of sustainability (Leiserowitz et al., 2006). Moreover, I have also witnessed that the role of shared responsibility, equality as well as social changes can substantially help each individual achieve strong and long-term sustainability. In addition, the review made by the authors also articulates that the implications for a long-term sustainability are the outcome derived from values, attitudes and behavioral skills of each individual as these components are highly needed for developing millennial goals of development (Cirnu & Kuralt, 2013; Manchiraju, n.d.). Moreover, I have also observed that an effective and an appropriate blend of an individual’s attitude, behavior and values are also needed for developing a sustainable transition (Leiserowitz et al., 2006). References Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 179-211. Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). EYcacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology 40, 471-499. Cirnu, C. E., & Kuralt, B. (2013). The impact of employees’ personal values on their attitudes toward sustainable development: Cases of Slovenia and Romania. Management 18, 1-20. Crown. (2011). Attitudes and behaviors around sustainable food purchasing. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 8-74.   Darnton, A. (2008). Practical Guide: An overview of behaviour change models and their uses. Retrieved from http://www.civilservice.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Behaviour-change_practical_guide_tcm6-9696.pdf Dobel, R. (2007). Good leadership and sustainability – Attitude, agency and structure. Habilitationskonzept 1, 1-5. Dunlop, R. E., Liere, K. D. V., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues 56(3), 425-442. Jackson, S. E., Ones, D. S., & Dilchert, S. (2012). Managing human resources for environmental sustainability. The United States of America: John Wiley & Sons. Kibert, C. J., Monroe, M. C., Peterson, A. L., Plate, R. R., & Thiele, L. P. (2012). Working toward sustainability: Ethical decision-making in a technological world. New Jersey: John Willey & Sons. Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the Gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research 18(3), 239-260. Kumar, B. (2012). Theory of planned behaviour approach to understand the purchasing behaviour for environmentally sustainable products. Retrieved from http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/snippets/workingpaperpdf/10260621182012-12-08.pdf Leiserowitz, A. A., Kates, R. W., & Parris, T. M. (2004). Sustainability values, attitudes, and behaviors: a review of multi-national and global trends. CID Working Paper No. 113, 1-57. Leiserowitz, A. A., Kates, R. W. & Parris, T. M. (2004). Sustainability values, attitudes, and behaviors: a review of multi-national and global trends. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 31, 413-444. Leiserowitz, A. A., Kates, R. W., & Parris, T. M. (2005). Do Global Attitudes and Behaviors Support Sustainable Development? Environment 47, 22-38. Lumpkin, G. T. & Katz, J. A. (2011). Social and sustainable entrepreneurship. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. Manchiraju, S. (n.d.). Predicting behavioral intentions toward sustainable fashion consumption: A comparison of attitude-behavior and value-behavior consistency models. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&tab=pp&ei=Jls6VPO5NIqjugTEj4KACw&ved=0CBQQ1S4# Pablos, P. O., Lytras, M., Karwowski, W. & Lee, R. W. B. (2011). Electronic globalized business and sustainable development through it management: Strategies and perspectives. New York: IGI Global. Pearson, D. (2011). Exploring individual values and attitudes for a more sustainable Canberra: the example of food. Retrieved from http://www.environmentcommissioner.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/256416/Exploring-individual-values-and-attitudes-for-a-Sustainable-Canberra.pdf Rogerson, R., Bellingham, R. & Shevtsova, Y. ( n.d.). Changing behaviour and attitudes to sustainability: A report for the department of enterprise, trade and investment. Retrieved from http://www.detini.gov.uk/changing_behaviour_and_attitudes_to_sustainability__a_report_for_the_department_of_enterprise__trade_and_investment.pdf Sage Publications. (n.d.). Fostering sustainable behavior. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/40892_1.pdf Senge, P. M. (2010). The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning organization. UK: Crown Publishing Group. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (n.d.). Online survey on Promoting Empowerment of People in achieving poverty eradication, social integration and full employment integration and full employment and decent work for all. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/publications/FullSurveyEmpowerment.pdf Read More