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Chronic Risk of Exposuring Metals - Essay Example

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The essay "Chronic Risk of Exposuring Metals" focuses on the critical analysis of the major issues in the chronic risk of Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel exposure. This is because it causes changes in the expression of genes. This risk is in environmental and occupational settings…

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Subject: Environmental Studies
Type: Essay
Level: Masters
Pages: 1 (250 words)
Downloads: 2
Author: zelda32

Extract of sample "Chronic Risk of Exposuring Metals"

In all cases, there were common responses and different responses. Chromium, nickel, and cadmium were found to induce oxidative stress that had unique and similar pathways and genes that responded to the stress. All of them were found to be genotoxic.

However, DNA damage was found to occur in chromium responses only. It was found that Nickel resulted in hypoxic response induction and chromatin structure gene induction. It did this by replacing the iron in key proteins (Allan, 2007). On the other hand, Cadmium resulted in genes that were perturbed distinctly. These genes are related to stress from the endoplasmic reticulum. It also invoked unfolded protein response and led to apoptosis. The only biological process that was perturbed by all these metals is oxidative stress (Gurjar, 2010). This is an effect that is well of these metals. However, the very notable difference is the gene modulation involved in anti-oxidant protein glutathione production. This is a response to nickel. It is also a result of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that is ROS-induced in response to cadmium (Moore, 2003).

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