Research Worksheet - Essay Example

?Research Worksheet Part A Denise James Step One: Problem ment and Keywords Problem ment Lack of communication between healthcare professionals and patients’ as well as individual patient’ ignorance about the intricacies of their ailment contributes to non compliance in patient treatment plans. Healthcare providers need to apply a patient focused approach, build a mutual relationship, communicate clearly and offer advice when patients are ready to hear and learn, enabling the latter to comply with the appropriate recommendations necessary for rapid recovery. Descriptive Keywords Physician-patient relationship Patient centered care Patient compliance Patient focused approach Step Two: Library Search Library Source #1 ProQuest Medical Library Keywords Patient compliance in health care treatment plans Persistent Link provided in the database: http://library.capella.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/?url=http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/docview/221714386?accountid=27965 Title of the article: “5 Tips for Generating Patient Satisfaction” Author(s) of the article: Pawar, Manoj Date of the article: 2005 Citation from the library search: Pawar, Manoj (2005). 5 Tips for Generating Patient Satisfaction, Family Practice Management, Vol. 12 Issue 6, pp. 44-46 Explain the resource’s reliability: This is a Family practice management journal published bimonthly by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) which is a recognized healthcare organization within the US, with active CME (Continuing Medical Education) programs. Although the author of this article cites only one reference to validate the facts, but it is based on personal experience and 331 shared references confirm the journal’s reliability. Paraphrasing your source’s ideas: As research has shown communication and trust plays a major role in patient compliance. There are two roles that the medical provider plays in a patient’s healthcare. One is that of a professional expert providing services and the other is the more personal role as a trustworthy friend and mentor. The author has stressed upon gaining patient trust by personal inquiry and offering appropriate succor to the patient just as a salesperson gains a customer’s trust through personal interaction to identify the actual requirement while selling goods. The business role is more like the approach of a salesman trying to make the deal. As a healthcare professional gaining your patient’s trust is the key factor, as it ensures that the patient will be consistent and adhere to treatment plans and follow advice after the real need has been identified and addressed (Manoj Pawar, June 2005). Patients’ are more than likely to fall in line when the medical provider builds a relationship based on mutual trust and understanding. A medical provider will gain a patients’ trust when interest is shown in their goals and values. Become a good listener and refrain from dominating conversations during patients’ visits. (Manoj Pawar). Direct Quote “The physician has to recognize the opportunity for intervention, reframe it in a way that makes it meaningful to the patient, and generate a sufficient sense of urgency to compel the patient to take action”, (p.1). Step Three: Internet Search Internet Source #1 Which search engine did you use? www.google.com Your keyword for this search: Patient focused approach Result URL for the location of your source: http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/130/1_suppl/73S.full Title of the article: “Patient-Focus Care* Using the Right Tools” Author of the article: Richard S. Irwin, MD, FCCP; and Naomi D. Richardson, MSc, MBA Date of the article: July 2006 Explain the resource’s reliability: This article appears reliable as it is from a recognized peer reviewed and prestigious journal. This article had 28 references from other prestigious journals and a wide variety of areas in medical research. This is why the reliability is high. Paraphrasing your source’s ideas: The article by Richard S. Irwin, MD, FCCP; and Naomi D. Richardson, MSc, MBA (July 2006) addresses several topics relating to patient-focused care. The three main focus points were communication, continuity of care, and concordance (Irwin & Richardson, 2006). Primarily stressing upon the ‘patient-focused care model’ for asthmatic patients’, the authors’ have stressed upon establishing closer and more personal relationship with the patient to ensure compliance, instead of the ‘disease and technology centered’ approach that is prevalent today. The authors’ have cited the results of studies which pinpoint to the effectiveness of personal contact with the patient in ensuring compliance with prescribed medication regimens. According to the authors’, individual patient situations require specialized care and that’s where long and positive patient relationships can make a difference (Irwin & Richardson). Direct Quotes “Patient-focused care aims to bring more equality into the physician/patient relationship as well as an understanding of the patient, not just their illness” (Irwin & Richardson, 2006). "One of the most fundamental prerequisites for patient-focused care is agreement between patients and physicians on patients’ needs"(Irwin & Richardson, 2006). Part B Denise James Step Four: Continue Library and Internet Searching Library Source #2 (complete for u04d1) Which database did you use? ProQuest Your keywords for this search: Physician-Patient Relationship Persistent Link provided in the database: http://library.capella.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/?url=http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/docview/227793377?accountid=27965 Title of the article: “Proven Ways to Win Patient Compliance” Author of the article: Dennis Murray Date of the article: September 11, 1995 Citation from the library search: Murray D. (1995). Proven ways to win patient compliance, Med Econ., Sept. 1995, Vol. 72 Issue 17, pg. 82 Explain the resource’s reliability: No references were documented. The article appears reliable as it is listed as a periodical within the ProQuest database. Additional resources will be use to validate the facts and ideas stated in this periodical Paraphrasing with in-text citation: The article discusses the issues which interfere with patient compliance to prescribed therapeutic regimens. The author begins by stating that the likelihood of compliance is as low as 50% in terms of the number of patients’ attended to as most persons are defiant or careless in nature (Murray, 1995). Moreover, the author believes that ordinarily patients generally have a tendency to ignore medical orders until and unless grave consequences begin to cramp their lifestyles (Murray). The author suggests that engaging more with the patients’ can help the physician understand the character of person who is being treated in a better manner. A physician will be able to determine the level of difficulty or defiance in a patient just by observing the manner in which the patient communicates with a medical practitioner (Murray). Age, sex, lifestyle, faith, work environment, social and economic status have been identified as important markers for determining patient compliance. As an example, the author claims that quiet patients may not challenge a diagnosis for fear of being labeled stupid, or might feign comprehension of the doctor’s orders (Murray). The author has described in detail how different physicians have tackled compliance problems by adopting novel techniques to cajole their patients’ into obedience. Two methods that have been described are preparing well documented and written guidelines for the patient in duplicate and following up compliance by regular contact, and another by preparing a checklist of ‘prescribed regimens’ and ‘individual patient’s obstacles to compliance’ tasks’ in tabulated form in which the patient strikes off one item at a time as he or she overcomes the obstacle to compliance. Direct quotes with in-text citation: “People don’t get serious about compliance until their disease begins to cramp their lifestyle” (p.1) “It’s important to separate not wanting to accept the behavior from wanting to accept the patient” (p.2) Library Source #3 Which database did you use? EBSCOHOST Your keywords for this search: Patient centered care Persistent Link provided in the database: http://ezproxy.library.capella.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.capella.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10790341&site=ehost-live&scope=site Title of the article: “The Effect of Health Care Provider Persuasive Strategy on Patient Compliance and Satisfaction” Author of the article: Carrie J. Cropley Date of the article: May 2003 Citation from the library search: Cropley, Carrie (2003). The Effect of Health Care Provider Persuasive Strategy on Patient Compliance and Satisfaction, Vol. 18 Issue 2/3, pg.117-125 Explain the resource’s reliability: The article is from a prestigious journal hosted on a reliable website provider of technical papers and is hence highly reliable. There are several resources from different areas and specialties in medical research that can confirm the credibility of the information provided. Paraphrasing with in-text citation: Communication continues to be the key in achieving good patient compliance. Understanding patient behaviors, and their perspectives, linked with communication has the potential to dramatically increase patient compliance (Cropley 2003). The author has stressed upon the increasing interest on the impact healthcare provider-patient relationships have on patient compliance and how in recent years the onus has shifted onto the provider rather than the patient. Patient compliance has been shortlisted as one of the vital factors affecting intended outcomes in terms of control and cure of disease. Statistical figures have been cited by the author, which suggest that compliance is usually poor among general population irrespective of individual patient factors such as age, sex, literacy, social and economic status (Cropley). 'Patient satisfaction' has been elaborated upon by the author as an aspect which the provider needs to comprehend fully and make adjustments in healthcare services' delivery methodology to ensure patient compliance. The impact of sex of the provider has been discussed implying that patients' tolerate negative verbal strategies only from male healthcare providers. Adopting a 'prosocial stance' by providers' has been suggested by the author to be a likely strategy to ensure better patient compliance (Cropley). Direct quotes with in-text citation: "Recent estimates indicate that anywhere from 46% to 62% of patients fail to comply with drug regimens" (p.117) "A complete comprehension and utilization of effective strategies for increasing patient compliance must consider not only provider communication behavior, but also the expectations and perceptual processes occurring within the mind of the patient" (p. 118) Internet Source #2 Which search engine did you use? Google Your keyword for this search: Patient compliance protocols Result URL for the location of your source: http://www.theamericanchiropractor.com/articles-integrative-healthcare/4872-healthy-relationship-increases-patient-compliance.html Title of the article: “Healthy Relationships Increases Patient Compliance” Author of the article: Dr. Richard Drucker, B.S., M.S., N.D., Ph.D. Date of the article: September 22, 2010 Explain the resource’s reliability. This article was considered reliable because it was published in a well respected medical magazine. The author has valid qualifications to comment on the topic and the article has a wide audience. Adequate number of references from reputed sources has been cited by the author. The source is therefore, reliable. Paraphrasing with in-text citation: The author has categorized patients by age group and claims that younger and educated patients are more likely to question the administered prescription than more compliant older patients who usually follow instructions. The author has stressed on using the word ‘adherence’ rather than ‘compliance’ as the latter complies more with plain ‘obedience’. A good healthcare provider should communicate, document, follow through and follow up. Personal involvement with the patient assists the healthcare provider to look deep into the patient’s psyche, rather than inferring a superficial opinion. During consultation, if the physician collects information about the patient’s preexisting knowledge about his or her condition and the remedial steps already taken, it can help in predicting the compliance level (Drucker, 2010). Gathering information on the patient’s expectations, sharing pros/cons and values, discussing alternatives, showing empathy and acknowledging difficulties and complaints can assist the provider in ensuring adherence to the suggested course of action (Drucker). Direct quotes with in-text citation: “A patient must be ready for care in order to be more compliant or adherent” (Drucker, 2010). “It has been shown that, if the patient’s own words and language can be used whenever possible, this will increase patient satisfaction significantly with their health visit or consultation” (Drucker, 2010). Internet Source #3 Which search engine did you use? Google Your keyword for this search: Patient compliance obstacles Result URL for the location of your source: http://www.eje-online.org/content/151/Suppl_2/T23.full.pdf Title of the article: "Overcoming obstacles: new management options" Author of the article: L. Heinemann Date of the article: 2004 Explain the resource’s reliability. European Journal of Endocrinology is an established peer reviewed journal and hence highly reliable. Paraphrasing with in-text citation: The article discusses how technology can be a tool for ensuring patient compliance with special emphasis on insulin dependent diabetes (Heinemann, 2004). Citing painful injections, inability to monitor blood glucose level by the patient, and the availability of insulin preparations in the past that had cumbersome delivery procedures and protocols, the author has elaborated how better technology and innovations have assisted in increasing patient compliance (Heinemann). Technology therefore has a definite role in enhancing patient compliance, as has been witnessed in the last decade, wherein better formulations and less invasive modes of drug delivery have taken the fear factor away from the patient’s perspective. Availability of non-invasive glucose monitoring systems and patient-friendly insulin delivery systems is likely to step up compliance. Direct quotes with in-text citation: "However, the development of rapid-acting insulin analogues that offer improved prandial blood glucose regulation with greater flexibility means that therapy can be adjusted according to the timing and carbohydrate content of meals" (p.T23). “The availability of new diabetes management options will help treatment strategies to be tailored to the needs of individual patients thereby helping them to achieve the best possible metabolic control.” (p. T26). Step Five: Pre-writing Template The role of patient compliance has been identified to be the primary obstacle in efficient healthcare delivery during the last decade. In the past, non compliance was exclusively attributed to patient characteristics' such as age, sex, education, social and economic status, but recent research has indicated that the healthcare provider's role is an important aspect which has been neglected so far. Instead of being a totally professional individual, the provider must consider factors pertinent to establishment of more humane relationships with their clients' (Pawar, 2005). The 'patient-focused care model' has been found to be more effective in ensuring compliance as compared to the 'disease and technology centered' approach adopted by physicians of yore (Irwin & Richardson, 2006). The healthcare provider needs to develop effective strategies to ensure patient compliance, such as providing detailed written instructions to their clients' (Murray, 1995). Effective communication is the key to success. A more 'pro-social stance' needs to be incorporated into the provider's repertoire (Cropley, 2003). Educated and well informed patients of today need to be handled with care and the idea of adherence to the recommended therapeutic regimens is a better option than mere compliance (Drucker, 2010). In addition, technological innovations can be developed which can be transferred to the healthcare setting which will assist the patients to comply with recommended therapeutic protocols (Heinemann, 2004). References Cropley, Carrie (2003). The Effect of Health Care Provider Persuasive Strategy on Patient Compliance and Satisfaction, Vol. 18 Issue 2/3, pg.117-125 Drucker, R. (2010). Healthy Relationship Increases Patient Compliance, Retrieved May 21 from: http://www.theamericanchiropractor.com/articles-integrative-healthcare/4872-healthy-relationship-increases-patient-compliance.html Heinemann, L. (2004). Overcoming Obstacles: New Management Options, European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol.151, pp. T23-T27 Irwin, R.S. & Richardson, N.D. (2006). Patient-Focus Care* Using the Right Tools, CHEST, Vol. 130, No.1, pp. 73s-82s Murray, D. (1995). Proven Ways to Win Patient Compliance, Med Econ., Sept. 1995, Vol. 72 Issue 17, pg. 82 Pawar, Manoj (2005). 5 Tips for Generating Patient Satisfaction, Family Practice Management, Vol. 12 Issue 6, pp. 44-46 Read More