Human Rights: Campaign Proposal and Campaign Rationale - Essay Example

?Human Rights: Campaign Proposal and Campaign Rationale Chapter Campaign Proposal (Fighting Hypocrisy and Gender Abuses at Home) Introduction The influx of Albanian refugees over a decade ago has been quite massive due to the war in Kosovo. However, it seems that not all immigrants are refugees from the war since it has been found out that mostly are from Albania and has taken advantage of the war to seek asylum in the UK and along with it, British passports and citizenship (London Evening Standard 2007). Unfortunately, this has also brought along people that are hardened by the years of conflict that has been characteristic of the region. Albania and Kosovo are both part of the Balkans which is more commonly referred as the shatter zone (Loughlina and Kolossov 1999). This is a particularly fragile region and had known wars and conflicts for almost a century – quite the setting for human rights violations. Towards the latter part of the last century, war erupted and the province of Yugoslavia broke away. This started the flood of Albanians to the UK which seem to have been also the entry point for the illegal immigrants and the hard line Albanians that has sown the seeds enabling the overflow of human rights violations, particularly to women, in the UK. The Organisation The organisation is an NGO that has been concerned with the influx of women from the Balkans that have been peddled on the streets of UK as prostitutes. It is clear that this has been an increasingly lucrative trade and has been held by Albanians that have entered into the UK and the other parts of Europe (Bennetto 2002). As an NGO, the organisation has volunteers willing and able to seek out these troubled women and provide counseling and even assistance should they want to escape and go back to their homelands. Of course the organisation does not hope to do this operation alone and can only function as an intermediary for these women and the authorities. Another main focus of the organisation is the information drive for the Albanian community in the UK as well as a general information drive on the rest of the UK, concentrating initially in London. Project background/overview Understanding the problem is key to finding the solution therefore an understanding of these Albanians --be their origins be from Albania or Kosovo --remains a very important element of the organisations human rights campaign is to gain traction. As mentioned, most of the Albanians have gained entry because of the war in Kosovo. This new country is undergoing a long and arduous process of transition. Being a new country, Kosovo is a case of nation building in its strictest sense. The country is grappling for true identity as well as true independence. However, the efforts by the new government as well as the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) has been significantly weighted down by the prevalent ethnic differences between the new majority and minority of the country. The Albanians, who now constitute the majority are Muslims while the former part of the majority, the remaining Serbs, are Orthodox Christians (Kupchan 2005). Looking at this stark comparison in religion, it is clear how different the culture is for these two groups. Likewise, it is easy to see the differences in culture these Albanians have from the rest of UK. However, much to the organisation’s disdain, it seems that these Albanians have found a common ground with the British in prostitution. The proliferation of the sex trade that has been controlled by the Albanians is enough evidence of this symbiotic existence between the two. It seems that a blind eye has been turned in the direction of this problem whereby the rights of women continue to be trampled by this illicit sex trade. The organisation, recognizing the difficulty being encountered by the policymakers and various stakeholders in fostering true respect for human rights, seeks to single out an important part of the region’s nation building efforts – the women. In so doing, the organisation hopes to put forward a two-pronged approach to the problem by (1) ensuring participation of women and (2) the information drive against the sex trade that has been retarding efforts to prevent the mirroring of the counterproductive situations in the Balkans and the Middle East. Although the organisation respects the tradition and faith of Islam, the female renaissance on going in that region clearly shows the increasing recognition of even the most fundamental countries of the need for equality regardless of gender (Kandiyoti,1991). However, although the organisation gives its praise on the increasing contribution of women, the patriarchal system remains and has yet to be fully extinguished to pave the way for the true involvement and participation of women in the society – politics included. Therefore, it is the organisations concern that this does not happen in the new European member of the free world. The underlying tradition may lead to a situation similar to the predominantly Muslim Middle East but this is a European country. Thus, it is with great respect that the organisation requests the Trust fund to provide funding for the organisation’s efforts to ensure that such a scenario does not happen in this fledgling country. The organisation seeks to be a partner for both the transitional government of Kosovo as well as various philanthropic financing institutions sharing the belief in the importance of human rights as well as the advancement of democratic foundations. In line with this is the project of the organisation to push forward the improvement of women’s access to processes both judicial and political (Democracy and Human Rights Fund 2011). The campaign Scope The crackdown on these erring immigrants has been put into motion already. However, the lucrative sex trade is already rampant on the streets of the UK. Thus, the organisation’s campaign against the abuses against women will first focus on the possible root of the problem – the Albanian community in the UK. Currently, there are about 30,000 Albanians in the UK. However, statistics does not show which of these are members of the underworld are while those that have gained illegal entry are only being cracked down recently (Bennet 2002). This will be the initial ground for the campaign. The organisation will focus first on this Albanian community to provide education of the importance of human rights and gender equality. It is of utmost importance for the organisation to further strengthen the budding independence in the Balkans by making sure that the women are able to truly enjoy the promise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations 2011) as well as the European Convention on Human Rights (2011). It is important to note that although tension remains after the war, the incursion of NATO has brought along with it western values that has created a paradigm shift enabling women to work in US and European military bases. Along with this opportunity comes the now pressing need on the part of the male population to respect their female counterparts and to treat them as equals (Reyes 2006). The organisation will then build on this premise for the eventual orientation of the Albanians in the UK by showing how the western powers have put forward the respect for women when they entered their respective countries. From External to Internal and Back The organisation sees this as chance to help the country and its citizens place the rights in proper perspective. However, it is likewise important to contend with the reality that traditionally, women have been relegated in the back seat as wives or daughters. More so, the fragility of the country is reflected in the weakness of the community’s most basic unit – the family. Domestic violence permeates Kosovan homes wherein figures from the police reports over a thousand cases back in 2007. However, UN data from studies that have been conducted found out that about 25% of the women have experienced being abused either physically or even psychologically (Human Rights Watch 2009). The dire situation of prostitution seems to reflect these problems permeating in the British society. This cannot be allowed to continue since this situation is not only counterproductive but it directly negates the position of the UK against human rights, gender equality and violence against women. This treatment of women is unacceptable for the organisation and, as fellow Europeans, it is equally unacceptable to stand by and watch as these blatant violations persist. Hence, the campaign of the organisation focuses on the greater participation of women which has begun when the bases of Americans and Europeans hired female employees. It opened up hope since, as mentioned, these female employees must be treated equally. Thus, following Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust’s belief, the campaign targets the domestic setting which is where the problem is rooted. The organisation shares this same line of thinking by targeting beyond the symptoms to really provide the lasting solution necessary. Furthermore, the situation of the women in Kosovo warrants a great attention since and the organisation is one with the Bromley Trust in putting a stop to the ongoing sexual slavery to these weak members of their society. Likewise, the organisation seeks to further advance the very important right of a person especially the women for their freedom and of course the need for them to be secure (The Oak Foundation). To further ensure the success of this campaign, it is the organisation’s objective to involve the government. It is important for the UK to understand the true meaning of the freedom that they are preaching with the United States in their forays to different countries such as those in the Balkans and the Middle East. It is important to prove that indeed the British government is lively and broad-minded and can be a true bastion for democracy to flow coupled with the accountability to the women that have been illegally trafficked to toil on British streets as prostitutes. This must permeate the various systems encompassing the economy, juridical system as well as their politics (The Open Society Institute 2011). The organisation has targeted sexual and domestic violence against women in Kosovo especially since these are recognized to be the worst offenses against women all over the world (Sigrid Rausing Trust 2011). Also, the rise of the new majority in Kosovo threatens to mirror the situation in most Middle Eastern countries. Although the patriarchal system has been in place in its Muslim communities even when it was still a province of Yugoslavia, being an independent country seeking freedom and democracy might further exacerbate the situation of the women especially when the transition government has been given full governance of the country. This may then lead to problems that may retard the universality of human rights wherein the women are at the losing end of the bargain. What the organisation hopes to fight against: Prostitution Trafficking of women from the Balkans Consumption of the British in this illicit trade Hence, the organisation then plans to launch, first and foremost, an education campaign to help policy makers and concerned groups and individuals on how to help foster better relationship and treatment of their female citizens. Since this has already been seen on bases, it is the organisation’s desire to further expand this reach especially to the far flung areas that are still heavily inclined to the traditional practices. The funding that the organisation will receive will likewise be used to provide counseling to victims of abuse as well as to provide secure and comfortable safe houses for those that have been abused. As mentioned, focus will likewise be given to the 30,000 strong Albanian community in the UK to prevent a repeat of the violence and unfair treatment that has been experienced in their countries of origins. It is very disturbing that casualties continue to mount after the war. It is indeed disheartening to think that the victims merely shifted from ethnic Albanians to the women that are trafficked for sex slavery or those that are continually abused in their own homes (Ward 2000). The Payback It is therefore important that the UK does not condone violations of these rights and the organisation seeks to be a partner by helping to combat women abuses such as physical, psychological and even economic violence (USAID 2006). This will mainly be done by sourcing volunteers that will teach various stakeholders as to how to detect abuses and take appropriate action for the protection of the victims. The foregoing are the milestones that the organisation hopes to achieve in the three year campaign being proposed: Year 1 1st six months – sourcing and training adequate number of volunteers for the project Last six months – actual implementation of information drives to the Albanian communities which includes community lectures regarding human rights and gender equality Year 2 The second year will be focused on sourcing and counseling victims of human trafficking and prostitution. At the same time, the information drive for British men that frequent the prostitution dens will be undertaken to help curb the consumption side of this underground economy. Also, the organisation will be actively coordinating with law enforcement, social welfare and immigration agencies to effectively clamp down on these illicit practices. Year 3 The organisation hopes to achieve: A 10% decline of trafficked women to the UK A 25% decline of patrons for these illicit business activities A 100% information drive completion for the Albanian community in the UK Chapter 2: Campaign Rationale Introduction As mentioned, it has been found out that not all Albanian immigrants that have entered the UK are from the war torn Kosovo. The crackdown on the erring immigrants has already begun and this has put some of those that are already accustomed to living in Britain in a quandary. Also, as the crackdown continues, the Albanian population in the UK seem to have been at a standstill uneasily waiting for the results of the crackdown (London Evening Standard 2007). The influx of the Albanians have not only brought in fraudulent seekers of British passports and citizenships, it has also brought in a host of hard line criminals that have been responsible for bringing in a spill over of crime and human rights violations against women from the shatter zone to the UK. Bennetto (2002) reports that Albanian gangs have taken the helm of the vice in London with their control o f about 75% of the prostitutes that are in the city. Further police intelligence reports that these women are “imported” from the Balkans. That area has been a centre of human rights violations especially against women and the area has been greatly troubled by the wars well as considerable cultural problems since the inhabitants of this fledgling country are strikingly different from each other. Kupchan (2005) underlines this differences whereby the Albanians are Muslims while the Serbs are Orthodox Christians. . Main Body Rationale More often, it is the weak members of the society that are not properly accorded their rightfully deserved human rights. However, this is not something that must be earned because human rights are innate in everybody and it is accorded from birth. Nurick and Johnson (2001) stress the importance of these rights wherein they are supposed to be universal and that it must be made available for all and not to just to a few selected persons. This proposal has stemmed from the concern of this NGO group regarding the situation in Kosovo regarding the religious inclination of the new majority in the fledgling country. However, it must be cleared that the efforts of the organisation as well as the intention in seeking funding is meant to help in the transition knowing the inherent problems and difficulty in implementing such a historic move. The organisation intends to augment the capacities of the transition government in ensuring that policies and programs are truly meant to ensure that the country moves forward. The organisation seeks to ensure the true and unbridled implementation and usage of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which guarantees and safeguards the human rights of each and every individual (United Nations 2011). It is bad enough that violations against women are going on in other European countries. It is even worse that there seem to be no substantial efforts from the free and more blessed European countries to help these women. However, it is unforgivable that these violations have seeped into the United Kingdom where the British saunas and brothels seem to have been the selling point of these women. The focus of this organisation is to safeguard the rights of women and to prevent the escalation of the situation in UK that might mirror the problem of their Middle Eastern counterparts as well as the Balkan areas whereby there has been a lack of political involvement for the female population and there remains a strong preference to their male counterparts with regards to involvement in politics as well as on other laws pertaining to marriage as well as inheritance (Faqir 1997). This lack of female representation has opened them up to possible exploitation and the organisation is alarmed that already, this has permeated the United Kingdom. However, it is important to note that the organisation do not wish to alienate Islam. On the contrary, the organisation lauds the efforts in the Middle East whereby Kandiyoti (1991) recognizes the increasing role of the female population especially with regards to nation building. It is important to note that this important participation of the female population is recognized by Islam itself and therefore provides a strong core for the involvement of women which is very important for a fledgling nation such as Kosovo. The pressing concerns of multiethnicity in the country likewise present a strong impediment to the successful assimilation of the female population into the mainstream political area. It is important to note that like the Arab region, the Balkans is not a stranger to wars and violence. This situation has been going on for so long and it seems that it has already been counterproductive wherein, as shown, the Albanians have been funneling women from the area to serve as prostitutes. It seems that the women continue to be treated as mere properties and until that is put into order, true gender equality as well as personal freedom inherent in true democratic states cannot be attained (Human Rights Watch 2001). Meyere, Rizzo and Ali (2001) report that in the predominantly Muslim Middle East, government institutions and political systems usually associate the privileges and opportunities of women to their roles as either wives or daughters to a male individual. Thus, it seems that by default, they are relegated into second-class citizens that are dependent on the male population for their growth and survival. Is the UK willing to be a transit area for such thinking? Will the British that prides themselves as “knights” allow such a degrading treatment of women to happen in their turf? Apparently, the lack of awareness has already been taken advantaged of. Of course, these saunas where women are sold will not prosper if there are no willing customers. Hence, the organisation seeks funding to provide awareness against these Thinking This counterproductive scenario is the target of this organisation and is thereby seeking funding so as to provide education as well as means to help policy makers identify and rectify such violations. It is important to note that the organisation praises the efforts of various governments in the Middle East to rectify such policies. It is of utmost importance that the rights of everyone must be properly enjoyed whereby a preference on a selected few, elites or sexuality defeats the purpose of human rights being universal (United Nations 2011). The organisation, as mentioned recognizes the difficult, long and slow transition happening in Kosovo as well as on the Middle Eastern countries. Moreover, the organisation knows that progress is indeed difficult in the area that has been ravaged by war. However, the influx of sex workers from the Balkans into the UK is something that the organisation abhors and seeks to fight against. The organisation seeks to open up the minds of the citizens of UK and to show that although the dire situation in the Balkans and the Middle East is yet to happen in the UK, it is important to know the true situation from where these women are coming from. The conflict in the Balkans has opened up certain fault lines that may be the birth place of tension especially if human rights are not accorded properly to the general population and more importantly to the new minority. In itself, being the minority connotes weakness and possible inadequacy of certain provision for human rights to reach these citizens. More so, it then redounds to the weak members of society such as the women, children and the old ones. Therefore, it is important to truly inculcate the recognition of the rights of these minorities including those of the weak members such as the women if the new country expects to free itself from the shackles of strife and civil war that has haunted the country for years. Gartzke and Gleditsch (2006) thus stress the importance of the recognition of cultural differences to avert such a scenario. Research base True, there is already a signed agreement wherein the Kosovo government agrees to put in place policies for the protection of the Serbian minority. This is a very important step in the creation of a nation that is truly democratic and independent (Harris 1999). However, the war has already produced immigrants that flocked to the UK. This has already been exploited by unscrupulous and fraudulent asylum seekers and these Albanians posing as refugees has taken advantaged of the war to gain access to UK. The organisation does not generalize that all these immigrants are the source of women trafficking but it has been mentioned that Albanian gangs have gained much to the “market share” of prostitution in the UK. The organisation therefore seeks to provide a very important information drive to campaign against the abuses being experienced by women “imported” from these troubled regions. Hence, it is once more important to bring forward the reminder of the intention of the organisation for this human rights campaign that this is meant to help and augment the ongoing efforts to ensure that the changes being implemented truly conform to the requirements of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as that of the European Convention on Human Rights which also highlights the need to provide equal application of human rights regardless of a person’s gender, his race including the language as well as colour, their religion and even their origins (Council of Europe 2011). The organisation believes that if we are sending aid and even military support to countries outside Europe, as one of the leading countries in the continent, it is our duty to promote and protect other countries regardless if they are members of the union or are trade partners. It is important to note that these are Europeans and that these people need our assistance. The organisation therefore brings forward this rationale supporting the proposal to help ensure that the situation in the UK does not retard the transition happening in Kosovo by putting a stop to the abuses that has spilled over to this country from theirs. In so doing, this truly reflects the advancements in freedom and democracy being enjoyed by the members of the free world. In this regard, the organisation seeks to ensure adequate protection for the women in Balkans by putting a stoppage to their trade in the UK. This will hopefully send the very important message of how the British truly respects women be they Brits, Albanians or Serbs, against patriarchy which, from the experience in the Middle East continues to be the bastion that continually hinders the advancement of women in the Arab world (Fish 2002). Pateman (1988) highlights the relationship between male and female wherein the male usually lords over the female. This patriarchy has evolved through the years wherein the power and control has moved from a few elites to the general male population. However, despite this improvement, the role of women remains the same and this is what the organisation is targeting. It is the organisation’s goal to ensure that the universality of human rights do not get sacrificed and that the timely implementation that coincides with the repatriation of illegal immigrants so that both the illegal immigrants as well as those that have been brought to the UK for white slavery can be brought back to their homes. It is very disturbing that the UK has been a selling point for these unknowing victims that have been transported illegally to the country to endure abuses for the profit of these Albanian gangs. The organisation seeks to defend the rights of the women from gender inequality. This is Europe and the organisation seeks to bring the full force of the European Convention on Human Rights as a true and lasting welcome gift to this new and free European country. It is the organisations fervent desire to prevent lapses in the proper enjoyment of these rights and will not stand by as these rights become trampled upon under the guise of tradition and culture. Choices It is then easy to see that the possible solution lies at the heart of the problem. Esmer (2002) further highlight’s Fish’s analysis whereby the integration of patriarchy with traditional interpretations of religious messages and cultural stereotyping has been the stringent barrier blocking the progress of the involvement of women in public activities. Thus, from this problem, it is quite clear that participation is key to ensure that the women from the Balkans truly evolve and become genuine partners of nation building and not casualties of a faulted tradition of male supremacy. However, this cannot happen and as mentioned is counterproductive if these women continue to be “peddled” as prostitutes on the streets and saunas of Europe. Though it is a gargantuan task, doing its part in London can be a big enough step since the Albanians control the majority of the sex trade in this city. It is the organisation’s belief that it is hypocritical to send aides to the other countries while the women from the very countries the UK is trying to help are languishing in the capital as sex slaves and prostitutes. According to the Washington File (2003), the probability of participation by the female population has been greatly diminished by the society generally accepting the rule of men. With the control of the Albanian gangs over prostitution, it seems that this has already been effectively imported to the UK and it is the organisation’s fear that prolonging this situation may entrench this belief at least in the underworld of the country. Therefore, what is left of the promise for gender equality when the members of the free world condone this act? What is worse is that instead of being guardians and protectors, the UK seems to have been consumers and good customers that have allowed these sex dens to flourish on the streets of London. The organisation therefore seeks to awaken the country and bring forth the challenge as to what difference does the UK truly have from countries that holds back full citizenship rights to their female citizens as well as voting, inheritance and even the supposedly responsibilities if the state such as social security (Inglehart and Norris 2003). Is it not that patronizing white slavery further exacerbates the problem of gender inequality of which the UK is supposed to be a part of the solution? Due to the strong tradition as well as fears of violence, not all women are able to voice out their concerns which exacerbates the plight they are in. Thus, many crimes against women go unreported. This presents a considerable challenge but Fosse (2008) asserts that although these vary from economic status to different periods and areas, such violations must be adequately measured in order to fine tune efforts needed to combat such abuses. Unfortunately, this need to combat abuses must also be mirrored at home meaning the UK must resist the consumption of these imported women from the Balkans. Gujit and Gaventa (1998) put forth the significance of different institutions to be able to properly measure the effect of the programs that they make. For the UK, it is likewise needed to include the social workers as well as the women that they are helping in order to see how much impact the government’s policy has with regards to the abuses against the women that have been exported to the UK for prostitution. The organisation will utilize this approach so that the two-pronged approach of advancing women’s welfare as well as combating the counterproductive traditional and patriarchal practices can push forward. By involving the victims, the organisation hopes to be able to tailor-fit solutions that can fit the budge to be provided by the Trust fund so that the programs such as educating and sheltering as well as counselling the abused is properly utilized. It is very important for the organisation to economically utilize the funding so that it can be stretched to be able to reach as many victims as possible. Conclusion It is time for Europeans to put a stop to domestic violence. The UK, which is supposedly the birthplace of chivalry and continues to knight distinguished personalities, will be like hypocrites if these abuses continue against women right under their noses. Though it is true that the forces that prevents change is hard to reverse, the organisation believes that this will be harder if the members of the free world continue to ignore and do nothing. Topping this list is the cultural pressure which promulgates gender inequality. This is followed by economic factors wherein women are traditionally dependent on men (UNICEF 2000). Though this has been changed in the affluent west, countries such as the ones in the Balkans which includes Kosovo continuously lag in this department. Though disturbing, the opportunity for true independence is now present while the new country is transitioning into true independence. The cultural factor will really be a strong barrier wherein, as mentioned in the case of the Middle East, remain prevalent in Muslim societies. There have been expectations as to how women are to behave and as to how they are to be placed in society. These expectations have reduced these women into some sort of second class citizens or worse, even properties. This situation may be exacerbated in Kosovo if the transition to true independence fails. It may then be a mere transfer to another majority which holds this traditional treatment of women strongly. The UNICEF (2000) further reports that the family is separated from the state which implies that matters of the family remains to be solved by the family alone fostering patriarchal rule wherein the males rein supreme. Furthermore, marriages usually come with a price whereby the bride is exchanged for a dowry that technically makes the wife the “property” of the husband. This defeats the purpose of having gender equality since the wife becomes the “possession” of her husband. Thus, although the organisation, at the moment, cannot prevent the export of these women, attacking the consumption side in Europe and educating both the British and the Albanian community in the UK of the repercussions of such maltreatment of women can hopefully put a dent on the burgeoning problem of abuses on women. UNICEF (2000) further reports that women have weak representations in politics and as previously mentioned, there are certain legal provisions that loop out women from the benefits enjoyed by men. As such, this blatantly ignores the provision of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that these must be enjoyed by everyone regardless of race, age, gender etc. The organisation thus seeks to ensure that the benefits of the women exported to the UK are not trifled by these factors. Saying that this is a gargantuan task may be an understatement but taking this first step, the size of which depends on the amount of funding, is seen as the possible key to really solving human rights issues and abuses of women in the supposedly peaceful and free world. Bibliography Bennetto, J 2002, ‘Albanians 'taking over London vice'’, The Independent [Online] Available at: Accessed 25 May 2011. Bhaumik SK, Gang, I and Su Yun, M 2006 ‘Ethnic conflict and economic disparity: Serbians and Albanians in Kosovo’, Journal of Comparative Economics, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 754–773. Democracy and Human Rights Fund (DHRF) 2011, [Online] Available at: Accessed 25 May 2011. 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[Online] Available at: Accessed 25 May 2011 Washington File 2003, ‘Women in Bahrain play a crucial role in national development’, Available at: http://usinfo.state.gov Accessed 25 May 2011 Appendices Read More