Strategic Management of English as a Second Language - Literature review Example

Paraphrasing and Quoting Exercise Article The chosen article for this particular study d “English as a second language and English language anxiety: Issues in the mainstream classroom” by Pappamihiel (2002) provides a better understanding about English as a second language. The introduction of the study provided an elaboration of the language and the core concept to be followed within the study. It has been depicted that despite of considering English as a second language, students are not been able to ensure efficient results within their academic learning. People often avoid themselves from interacting with other who is fluent in English since their knowledge with regard to the same is quite lethargic. This aspect takes place mostly in schools where children with less fluency in English tends to remain secluded from the one who are quite good in this particular domain of study. The quote presented within the study Pappamihiel (2002) i.e. “In fact, preservice teachers who go out into the schools often write in their journals that ELL students often interact less in the mainstream classroom, choosing instead to remain as far away as possible from the action of the classroom.” (Pappamihiel, 2002, pp. 1) depicts the lack of interaction amid two separate groups owing to language of English as a barrier. There is also assumed to be a relationship amid English language anxiety in English Language Learners (ELL) and English Language Anxiety Setting (ELAS), which further influence the confidence of individuals associated with speaking English. In this context, language accommodation has been highlighted as an importance approach used towards dealing with the language issues of the people or the students, to be specific. In a similar topic, the learning of any individual with regard to English language is also deemed to extensively impact by the level of anxiety he/she is dealing with. This means that people who are scared towards learning and speaking English will find it quite difficult to execute the entire process. A fear towards learning of the language will certainly result as negative for the learner. To depict the relation amid anxiety and learning, English as a second language has been one of the core ideas presented by Pappamihiel (2002) within the study. Elaborating more on the prevalence of anxiety in learning, the study has also provided a notion with regard to the various forms of anxiety that exists in a considerable manner (Pappamihiel, 2002). Article 2 The second article that has been chosen for this particular analysis, which is titled as “Learning to write in a second language: Two decades of research” is penned by Cumming (2001). The article highlighted the importance of learning English as a second language. The research was conducted in quite an elaborative manner by gathering data from diverse range of sources. The study was conducted mainly on the facts gathered from numerous sources rather than focusing on assumption relevant to the subject matter of the research. The study argued that in the process of learning English language through writing, people are able to understand the same in the most efficient manner altogether. In this regard, the study has clearly highlighted that candidates or students who are involved in learning of English through writing will be able to emerge with better qualities of texts in most of the scenarios (Gilakjani & Ahmadi, 2011). In similar context, the learners will also be able to enhance their composure towards the language in the most efficient manner altogether. Subsequently, the study has also depicted that sociocultural aspects associated with learning English through writing is also an important benefit of this particular approaches that can be considered as effective in this context. The author has presented and researched numerous articles, journals and online publication towards determining a comprehensive understanding of the topic of the research. The study has also taken into consideration various empirical journals that further enhanced the accuracy and reliability of the outcome of the research (Koulouriotis, 2011). This approach used by the researcher with regard to the completion of the study can further be appreciated and supported to a considerable extent. It must also be depicted that while conducting the study, Cumming (2001) has apparently mentioned about how a person will be benefitted extensively with the use of the technique of writing. This aspect has been depicted by the author with the help of a chart or table. The factors have been classified on the basis of macro and micro benefits that the leaners could leverage in the long run. From the overall analysis of the study of Cumming (2001), it can be determined that the research approach was quite widespread and extensive, which can further be appreciated in a considerable manner. Article 3 The third article that has been chosen titled as “Strategic management of ELT in public educational systems: Trying to reduce failure, increase success” is penned by Davies (2009). The article revolves around the concept of English as a foreign/second language teaching (ELT) to gain utmost success within the school level as well as ensuring efficacy for the overall educational sector of a particular region or nation. The study has taken into consideration certain specific places and sections of the world where strategic ELT had served as a key constituent towards enhancing the overall educational sector of the region in a considerable manner. This can be justified from the provided quote from the study, which says that “Holland, Singapore and Sweden are outstanding examples of great success in the strategic management of ELT in their public educational systems” (Davies, 2009, pp. 1). This particular quote clearly defines the fact that ELT or strategic ELT has been quite successful in various nations of the world. However, the core idea that Davies (2009) wanted to depict within the study include prevalence of English as a second language in Mexico. The study clearly affirms the prevalence of the extensiveness of English language within the Schools of Mexico. This can further be justified from the quote, which states that “The main concern of this article is the teaching of English in the Mexican public educational system, which serves over 90% of Mexicans. For conciseness, ‘ELT in the Mexican public educational system’ will henceforth be referred to as ‘Mexican public ELT” (Davies 2009, pp. 1). This particular aspect clearly highlights the fact that English can be a language of paramount importance to be learnt in the present day societal context. Since English is a global language, it widespread prevalence is quite an important aspect to say the least (British Columbia, 1999). Strategic ELT is a unique concept that ensures proper and systematic learning for people in an extensive manner with regard to the language of English. The study of Davies (2009) also put light towards understanding the success ratio of ELT in the schools of Mexico. In this context, it was apparently affirmed that with large population or number of students within the nation in schools, providing comprehensive English education to the children is quite a challenging task altogether (Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2001). However, the research study has also highlighted the fact that educational institutions are continuously introducing themselves in Mexico, to deliver educational service to the children and adult students in schools and colleges. For example, in the recent years, more than 9 educational institutions have entered the nation, which also includes some of the top ranked institutions. As per the figures presented within the study, more than 76% of the students within the nation enroll themselves for elementary level English education, which further depicts the lack of familiarity of the language amid the people within the nation. This aspect further depicts the need for extensive strategic ELT within the nation (Davies, 2009). References British Columbia. (1999). English as a second language learners: A guide for ESL specialists. Retrieved from https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/ell//policy/special.pdf Cumming, A. (2001). Learning to write in a second language: Two decades of research. International Journal of English Studies, 1(2), 1-23. Davies, P. (2009). Strategic management of ELT in public educational systems: Trying to reduce failure, increase success. The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language, 13(3), 1-22. Gilakjani, A. P., & Ahmadi, S. M. (2011). The effect of text familiarity on Iranian EFL learners listening comprehension. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2(4), 783-789. Koulouriotis, J. (2011). Ethical considerations in conducting research with non-native speakers of English. Tesl Canada Journal/Revue Tesl Du Canada, (5), 1-15. Pappamihiel, N. E. (2002). English as a second language students and English language anxiety: Issues in the mainstream classroom. Research in the Teaching of English, 36, 327-355. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. (2001). English as a second language and English literacy development. Retrieved from http://hrd.apec.org/images/c/c5/47.2.pdf Read More