CAD-CAM Systems Requirements - Report Example

Name: Course: Instructor: Date: CAD CAM Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer- Aided Manufacturing (CAM) refer to the software’s that assist in the control of machines in the workplaces during manufacturing activities. The report will present a number of machining activities that occur in manufacturing workshops including the component’s and processes of machining. This includes an outline of how the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine is used during the machining activities. Most of machining activities fall in the mining industry where today the modern machines perform complex axis simultaneous operations and activities that uses the computerized numerical control. The report includes an analysis of the CNC and its benefits including when the carbide tooling device is used compared to the HSS and the TCIAN among other visualizations. Introduction CNC is a unique software that controls the CNC machining system. It controls systems such as the feed rate, speeds, location and coordination. It helps control and maintain the accurate positions needed to control positioning including the machining velocity. The CNC machining helps to manufacture metal and plastic parts. Thus, the computer numerical control helps in machining activities such as the input command and other components that enable the machining component to perform as expected. The CNC machining activities include the activities such as filleting, tuning and phasing among others. The objective of the report is to show how the CNC tools using different machining among many other CNC machining concepts. CNC Machine REPORT Task 2: It depicts a machine component/ piece machined using the CNC machine. The machining comprises functions such as cutting, chamfering and drilling. Milling is one of the main tasks that includes the major application of the CNC machining. It includes functions/ operations such as cutting, and drilling mainly. In drilling, milling requires the CNC machining since it uses the rotating cylindrical tool used for cutting while moving effectively through the multiple axes for precise holes, slots, and shapes. The work piece can often be used in different directions unlike the single axis motion of the drill. Task 3: The task shows the tools that are used in the machining processes such as: End Mill, Drill (HSS), Burr (Cutter), ER 16 Collect Holder, Tool Holder, Electronic Touch Probe, Machine vice, and Axis CMC mill. 1. End Mill (20, 18, 12cm) The figure above presents three different end mills. One is a 20cm end mill that is a centre-cutter and the rest are not centre cutters. The End Mills perform operations such as the milling cutting operations such as plunging, face milling, tracer milling and profile milling. Based on the figure above, one identifies that the end mill can be a centre cutting, non-centre cutting and other plunging cuts. The End Mill presents that it can be categorized by the number of flutes through the helix angle, including the material used either the carbide material or the HSS material (Teodor, Oancea and Popa). 2. Drill (HSS) The Figure above presents the drill bits that are covered through the HSS material to help cutting through creating holes to a circular cross section area. The figure above presents the drill sizes in many sizes and shapes for different kind of holes. The bits are attached to a drill to cut the holes. Drill bit attached to the drill The figure shows the machine holder where the drill bits are attached to perform the drilling function effectively. The drill bit is attached to the chuck of the machine holder, while the torque is used to control the spindle speed for the drilling to occur. 3. Burr (Cutter) The Burr presented above is presented as a rotary file that functions in cutting tools such dental or die grinders. The burr cuts occur linearly and perform almost similar to the endmills and router bits. 4. ER 16 Collet Holder The ER 16 Collet Holder performs the machining functions. The Holder performs the different operations by selecting different services that are needed for the collet different responsibilities. The operations include making adjustments and meeting the constrictions that the pulling and collet nutting encounter to make the precise torque and other fixtures. 5. Tool Holder The tool holder is a CNC machine part that helps in the ground surface precision of the materials. During the machining process, the tool holder has its precise demands and functions depending with the operation and industry such as heavy roughing or high speed cutting that must be met. The component is highly used in screwing drills into end mill holders. The length of the component remains unchanged through operations, which stipulates no changes are needed in the operation of the tool holder. Milling tool holders are efficient for actions such as heavy duty material roughing, where the milling spindle pulls the tool holder with the support of the pull stud for the precise operation of the cutting process to occur (Haimer, 2017). Examples of tool holders include the tapping, end mill holders, collet chucks, and shell mill holders among others. 6. Face Mill Face milling presents the cutting process through the CNC machining operations mainly of the hard materials such as the aluminium materials. The performance of the face mill presented above is high, while the operating costs are performed through the regrinding tasks. The face mill creates the pocket while cutting through the edges on the sides. The face mill cuts the in a horizontal direction. 7. Electronic Touch Probe The electronic touch probe is mainly used in the machining centers and by milling machines dominantly. The machine can measure the and monitor the touch probe functions through automated techniques mainly the CNC controls, which also reduces the costs of utilizing the component. The electronic touch probe also protects the machine from collision as it also protecs the touch probe housing. It simplifies functions during the precision processes nd guarantees effective and accurate measurements during the tasks of the machining. 8. Machine vice General Machine Vice and a Standard Series Machine Vice The machine vice is also used in the milling machines and machining centres. The main function of the machine vice is to hold pieces of work that are used in the machining process. The CNC milling machine vice are developed to operate as reliable solutions to work holding during the machining operations. The machine provides accurate precision and a strong solution for machining work holding elements. Some machine vices are fixed on the tables, which increases its reliability since during machining, movements are restricted. However, the machine vices that can be rotated are also better since they save time, through their versatility in allowing the machining user to clamp the work piece and move the component to various needed positions. However, it is more expensive and movements during machining may lead to numerous problems in the machining operation. 9. 5 Axis CNC Mill This is considered a pocket / desktop axis CNC mill. It is a milling machine, where milling is perceived as the process of subtracting materials from the solid work using sharp tools. The machine is CNC controlled through numbers and codes implemented in the computer. The output of the software increases the efficiency of using the milling machine. The 3 Axis CNC machines stipulated that the milling machines have the capacity of making 3 linear axes cuts in one time. Thus, the 5 Axis stipulates an additional two linear cuts. That is; one can effectively make 5 multiple faces without have to fix the Axis CNC mill. The machine has a high quality since it can cut heavy duty materials such as Aluminium series materials, besides other materials including light materials such as wood or plastic. Some of the tools used in the 5 Axis CNC Mill are presented below. The machine requires the CAD software for the generation of a CAM toolpath software, which is connected through machine interfaces to send commands to the machine through the toolpath over the monitor. The CAM software that operates the machine is very expensive in the market, though it has a major advantage of the increased ability of the rotary axes to work effectively in different surface toolpaths. However, other CAD/CAM software’s can be applied for efficiency. FACING PROCESS Facing is the process of cutting a face during machining of the workpiece, which is the process of subtracting some metal for a flat surface output from a workpiece end mill. Facing occurs through turning or boring work. Facing is the milling work, and may also include shaping, planning or grinding (Smid, 10). The facing process uses the CAD/CAM tool path to determine the CNC machine path to be followed. The number of the tools is fixed in its position considering the number of the tool paths each possess. Thus, the speed of the spindle presents the spinning tool rate, which leads to the development of the accurate speed to guarantee the finishing of the tool is smooth and the anticipated output. The figure above presents the tool path of the CAD/ CAM software that guarantees the path has no collisions throughout all process of the machining. The figure presents the motion of the tool path marked in yellow, where the lack of any colors presents no ollisions to be expected, thus the final output will be guaranteed. The tool path has to be a distant away from the tool path to ensure the face mill does not plunge the material (Singh, Verma and Jain, 52). The facing tool path does not use any cutter compensations, which necessiates the distance for the material not to break or move the machining vice. It should be as presented as shown above. Mill Profile Mill profiling involves setting the workpiece on the machine while making decisions on the parts to be machined. At this part, the CNC settings including the setting of codes and numbers is done as presented in the figure above. The figure resents areas marked in green, yellow and blue to show the parts to be machined, including an outline of how the end product should look like. The figure above presents the CNC settings including the numbers and other measurements that must be included for the anticipated end product to occur. The information helps to alling the product as presented in the first mill profile figure. The figure above presents the final view of the Mill Profilling CNC machining process. The table above presents other CNC settings that can be implemented during Mill Profile machining. Mill Pocketing The figure above presents that Mill pocketing occurs inside the workpiece. The figure presents that the closed area marked in green is the part that will be removed to make the fixed depths. The figure above presents the CNC code/ numbers and measurement settings that will be used for the mill pocketing process to occur effectively. This figure presents the mill pocketing process in its final machining stage. Open Mill Pocketing It presents the mill pocketing process occurring in an open area of the workpiece unlike the enclosed area shown above. The part marked greenish as shown in the figure above, presents the open space that the mill pocketing process will occur. Following the steps presented above on CNC machine coding and setting of the measurements the open mill pocketing process will be achieved. Depending on the CNC measurements, and codes entered, the final open mill pocketing should occur as shown in the figure above. Sunk Hole In the machining process, holes are done through drilling. The figure above presents two areas marked in yellow where the sunk hole drilling process will occur. The hole cordinates are determined and enterned in the CNC software, that will command the machining process to occur as presented above in mill processes. (a) (b) More imporantly, the measurements of the tools to be used are also set for the anticipated result as shown above in figure (a). Figure B presents the anticipated overview of the location of the tool as done in the CNC settings in figure a. The drilling of the final product will be as shown above, where the drilling will only occur to the setting provided in CNC. That is; the depth of the drilling among other setting will be as implemented in the CNC software. Clean Circles The process of creating clean drilled circles is similar to the process of creating sunk holes. The difference is that a sunk hole is a deep hole, while the clean hole has to be perfect and smooth in its final output. Thus, the drilling of the clean process is attained through the tool settings been done in accordance to the clean circles driling procedures. The figure above presents an overview of a clean circle drilling process. Chamfering Chamfering is the process involves cutting a workpiece for a symetrical edge that is slopping. The figure above presents how the workpiece is placed on the surface for the cutting process. The coordinates of the cutting should be determined and placed in the CNC as showing below. a (b) This (a) are the setting of the chaffering of the workpiece entered in the CNC software for machining. Figure B presents an outline of the CNC interface view of the anticipated slopes. Figure b shows the standard distances of the chamfer when comparing it to the edges based on the chamfering CNC input area. The CNC engages the simulation process for the shape needed to occur. The CNC uses the pst language that modifies the generic codes to ensure it is usable for the CNC current goal. The process includes clicking on the toolpath twice at the right corner where once chooses the Fanuc10. The figure above shows up when setting the CNC simulation using Fanuc10. When the simulation is complete, one creates the file name for the information to be transferred to the CNC machine for machining. In the case above, the the information is transferred using the Fanuc10, which is then posted to the Fanuc file -001 as shown in the figure above. This is an example of the g-code generated and sent to the CNC machining for the chaffering process to occur. The figure above, presents an overview of the end product of the chaffering processes using the CNC simulation process. Discussion The CAD software is important in machining as it allows the processing of metadata in determining and making the perfect dimensions of features including the symmetrical tolerances. It is the best process for increasing accuracy and precision in machining, while ensuring the automation of the machine designs and their components during reprogramming processes. CNC is the process in which the computers are used in improving the operations of machines, including the operations of tools. CNC is a computer-based command program that influences and commands the actions of the machines through a software/ programmed g-code languages for the machines (Smith, 327). The milling tools use either HSS or Carbide materials. Powder metal is a powerful substitute that is also available. Carbide is a better material than the HSS, though the material to be cut by the machine is also a consideration. Other considerations include the spindle speed and size of the mills (other machining tools). CNC machines are identified to be advantageous in that they can be used continuously and still provide the accurate precision and other measurements based on how they are programmed. The application and usage of the CNC machines does not necessitate expertise unlike machines that do not use CNC software’s/ designs. CNC machines can always be improved through implementation of advanced software’s. However, the CNC machines are expensive compared to manual machines due to the advancements they include and costs of running the programs/ software’s. The tool path as presented above, guides the process of CNC simulation and communications in making the cuts, and drills needed depending on the output required. The CAM is the tool path used for the CNC machining, which is an automatic path from the CAD, which as described above is dependent on the G-Code languages. Conclusion CNC machining is presented on how it uses CAD/ CAM commands to improve the performance of different machine operations. Fr instance, it ensures clean drilling of circles including accurate and precise chamffering as presented above. CNC has enabed perfecting of machining activities such as face milling and mill pocketing among others decribed above through the CAM tool paths from the CAD. It allows the cutting of different surfaces such as the development of the toolpast, CUSP, normal surface tolerance and others as shown above while effectively eliminating collisions. Works Cited Haimer. HAIMER. 2017. . Singh, Manpreet, Sanjeev Verma and Kumar, Sanjiv Jain. "A literature review on machining of different materials with CNC." International journal of emerging research in management and technology (2014): 50-54. Journal Article. Smid, Peter. CNC Programming Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Practical CNC Programming. New York : Industrial Press, Inc.,, 2003. Print. Smith, T, Graham. CNC Machining Technology: Volume 3: Part Programming Techniques. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. Print. Teodor, Gabriel, Virgil, Nicolae Oancea and Ionut Popa. "The profiling of end mill and planing tools to generate helical surfaces known by sampled points." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2010): 439-452. Article. Read More