Performance of a New Scale Model of Storm and Waste Water Trap - Report Example

Unit Code and Title: The heading: Proposal and Risk Assessment Report Project Title: Performance of a New Scale Model of Storm/Waste Water Trap and The Performance of a Cylindrical Chamber Trap Student Name: Student Number:
 Date: Supervisor Name at the bottom of the page: Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 1.0.Abstract 3 2.0.Introduction 
 4 2.1.Motivation 4 2.1.1.Current state of the art 4 2.2.Objectives
 5 2.2.1.Scope/ Assumption/ Requirements 5 2.3.Significance
 5 3.0.Proposed Approach
 6 3.1.Theoretical approach 6 3.2.Modelling tasks 7 3.3.Design Tasks 8 3.4.Experimental Tasks 8 4.0.Timeline
 9 5.0.Risk Assessment
 9 6.0.Progress to Date
 10 7.0.Conclusion
 10 8.0.References 
/ Works Cited 11 9.0.Appendices 13 9.1.Cylindrical Chamber Trap 13 9.3.Model two with cap 14 9.4.Timeline Gannt Chart 15 9.5.Risk Assessment 16 1.0. Abstract The report proposes the investigation of the performance of a vortex combination that is used for sand separations of different sizes. The vortex to be investigated occur in a cylindrical context. The proposal proposes the experimental investigation on the performance of the new scale model that establishes the characteristics of the hydraulics and the removal of pollutants efficiently. The results will then be compared. 2.0. Introduction 
 2.1. Motivation The efficient separation of different sizes of sand occurs after numerous multiphase and separators have been used. Today, several separators are used to provide the efficient separation (Gerlach, Thamsen and Lykholt-Ustrup, 14). The sand separation may include oil separation in the first part and sand in the second part. The CFD techniques is the most widely used method of separation today. It is widely relied upon since it can capture the narrow zone of solid particles on the cylinder where the vortex emerges. The separation of the different sizes of sand does not occur once the solid particles have been collected. Thus, the motivation of the experimental is to evaluate the performance of the vortex, once the particles have been attained to the efficient separation process. Sand separation from storm waste water has been conducted in the past through the application of a sedimentation processes and erosion control. Their benefits was either water quality improvement through purification of water or increased usage of the land. However, the need for storm/waste water separators demand still grows as extensive purity of raw materials is demanded (Collings). 2.1.1. Current state of the art The application of cylindrical separators for solid-liquid separation are been used significantly in the sand and oil industry. Thus, been able to predict the performance of the vortex will be significant in developing and identifying necessary advancements. Separation machineries are used in many industries today, due to increase in purity of the products and the growing reduction in the quality of raw materials due to pollutants. Vortex pumps are used in waste water transport among with high efficiency based on the geometric parameters of the vortex (Gerlach, Thamsen and Wulff, 4). Many factors such as the centrifugal force of the machine, vortex geometry, pressure distribution and solid particle sizes. The main motive behind this research is to understand and know where improvement is need on ensuring the efficiency and performance of the vortex used. The proposal proposes the application of a simulation effect to evaluate the performance of the vortex in sand separation despite the size. 2.2. Objectives
 The key objective of the project is to determine how the removal of sediments in solid particles is efficiently completed. The project also applies CFD simulation, whose results will be compared to determine the performance of the vortex on sand separation. 2.2.1. Scope/ Assumption/ Requirements The vortex separation process that uses the force of gravity and centrifugal force is the most widely used separator since it provides a high level of efficiency. Simple vortex separators are assumed to be the most efficient and reliable forms of separation; which is the key to the wide reliability on the application of the vortex separators in numerous processing and production industries. Customers now demand purity in products, which is a key factor on to the need of effective sand separators. The sand separator may occur in either from liquid or solids. Thus, the performance of the machine to be used should have the capacity to effectively separate the sand. Additionally, the need for quality raw materials is also related to the purity of the raw materials. Therefore, it is highly important that the goals are met to meet the market demands. The system should be efficient, reliable, and simple and should be easily improved to meet the application in sand separation and other pollutants. 2.3. Significance
 The experimental results will be highly beneficial to the designers and users of separators. That is; the information will be beneficial to the development of vortexes that meet the customers’ demands in terms of quality and purity of materials. The customers sometimes demand systems of sand removal that give quick access to the interior of the cylindrical chamber (Lehman and Frazier). For instance, our experimental practicals involves fixing caps to the system where the caps are removed manually, providing quick access to the interior of the system. The cylindrical model through CFD simulation will be beneficial in predicting the flow of features through using tangential velocity. It will be efficient in showing the maximum pressure that the separator wall can handle, and should have. The sand particles in the sand separators used predict the performance of the separation efficiency when the mixture is flowing using the vortices unity. Thus, the significance of such results is the reliable prediction of the separation efficiency. More importantly, it presents how centrifugal forces are key to ensuring efficiency in the separation. Thus, the significance will be based on further research on the improvement and applications of centrifugal forces on the separators for improved efficiency in the separation process. 3.0. Proposed Approach
 The problem defined and perceived above is how to ensure efficiency of sand separation. Thus, the experiment will handle the problem through using two key approaches. That is: the project proposes a design model that will be set up in the laboratory for a variety of flow rates and different sizes of the specified particles. Additionally, the CFD simulation will be applied and modelled with the same flow rates. Therefore, the proposed approach will undertake a theoretical approach, modelling tasks, design tasks and experimental approach. 3.1. Theoretical approach The applications of hydrocyclone has been researched repeatedly, whose working principles will be used to evaluate the performance of a New Scale Model of Storm/Waste Water Trap and the Performance of a Cylindrical Chamber Trap using the vortex to measure the efficiency of separating sand. Hydro cyclones are used in many industries including the sand industry since they are highly inexpensive and can process high volumes. The working principle is the usage of a fluid pressure that generates the centrifugal force that separates particles (Bradley). The particles must have sufficient density to attain a separation. The hydrocyclone uses a cylindrical model through the vortex development. The experiment will use the theoretical and experimental results related to hydrocyclone and sand separation. Thus, the hydrocyclone working principles will be used to determine the performance of the new scale to be developed for separating sand from the storm/waste water through the cylindrical chamber trap. The hydrocyclone is the most applicable since it has a cylindrical shape, similar to the one to be used for the experiment. Additionally, the advanced and available technologies used in solid-liquid separation processes will be applied. The technologies will assist in identifying some of the necessary designs to ensuring the effective performance of the vortex in sand separation. For instance, the existing slow sand filters are used in almost the entire world (Tech Brief, 2). They are simple and reliable for the provision of quality water without the usage of chemical substances. The review will also be driven by the factor that they will assist in the design of an efficient method of separation. For instance, it conveys the necessity of average diameters of the cylinders to be used including the solid particle densities. The concentration of the solids in waste liquids, among others. The technologies are highly important in separation of solids from liquids of liquids from solids at an efficient level. The theoretical approach involves analyzing the cylindrical double vortex chamber to understand how the cylindrical chamber will be used and effectively predict the solid particles flow pattern. Therefore, the turbulent flow of the cylinders to measure the performance of separation. 3.2. Modelling tasks The size of the particles is a key factor that also influences the performance of the efficiencies (Mohammadian, 40). The size distribution plays a huge role on the controlling of the valve. Thus, these factor plays a role in estimating the appropriate sand distributions and size for efficiency separation. Many mechanistic models are used to show how gravity separates the neural network to predict efficiency separation. The centrifugal force is a key in improving the efficiency of a separator. Some of the modelling tasks to be used include the MLP neural network for efficiency in separations (Qazi and Yeung, 3). The Reynolds stress model will be used to develop the fluctuations of the velocities to be measured through the Reynolds stresses in separations of the sand for the project. The Reynolds stress modelling includes the Reynolds coupling equations while using Navier-stokes equations as well. The Reynold flow results will be compared with the experimental results for performance efficiency (Alpman and Long, 7). The separations through this modelling occur as follows. RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) CFD simulations ensure the particles behavior is studied to understand the performance and efficiency of the separation processes. CFD simulations are highly reliable mainly for complex designs such as those to be used in the study (Dutta, Sharma and Singh, 2-). CFD is related to understanding the hydraulics through the scale model that simulates the flow. CFD simulations designs involves the turbulence theory models. The CFD has a key advantage of showing how the outlets and inlets influence the separation efficiency including the different sizes of the flow patterns (Adamsson, 14). 3.3. Design Tasks The vortex technology is the main design to be used throughout the project. The design involves the application of the vortex combustor, the flow meter, atomizer and others. That is; the design of the vortex depends on the characteristics such as centrifugal forces, pressure distributions, the tube geometry of the vortex and the solid particles. The design of the separator in a cylindrical model will be based on the application of the centrifugal forces. The vortex action will be designed to produce the fluid tangentially into the vortex generators. The design of the vortex will occur through the solid particles distribution through the separator radius. Consequently, the design leads to an efficient analysis on the vortex separation performance. It includes the analysis of the particle size. On the other hand, the CFD design to be applied in the project is the most widely used design. It is efficient since it shows data that cannot be measured experimentally such as the segregation of the particle sizes, the entrainment of the vortex and particle interactions among others (Dutta, Sharma and Singh, 3). 3.4. Experimental Tasks The main feature of the equipment to be used is that it is a cylindrical model. Thus, the experiment involves measuring and evaluating the performance of a new scale model of storm and waste water trap. It will also investigate the performance through the cylindrical water trap. The experiment involves using a cylindrical chamber trap with a cap from the top and without. The second model involves using the chamber with a cap. The results from the two experiments will be compared to show the efficiency of the models. That is; the performance of model 1 and model two will determine the best performance for the vortex combination on sand separation from storm/ waste water. The experiment will also use the CFD simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental results. That is; the CFD applications results will be compared with the model one and model two experiments to determine the best model in separating sand from storm/ waste water. 4.0. Timeline
 The the timeline of the activity is fourteen weeks. The first three weeks will be used to conduct a theoretical research on the issue. That is; it involve analysing the existing reviews and experiments on the sand separation from storm water. Two weeks will be used on experimenting on the first model while recording the procedures and results attained. The following two weeks will be used to conduct a practical experiment while using the second model. The following week will be used to conduct a practical application of the CFD simulations. The last week will compare the results from model one, and two against the CFD results while one day of the week will be used in writing a conclusion. More time is allocated to the experimental research since it is more complicated and challenging to accomplish.
 5.0. Risk Assessment
 One of the main risks that the project conveys is the environmental risk. That is; storm/waste water has a high potential of storing pesticides among other pathogens. Besides the pathogens, the water has high levels of acid toxicity, and other contaminants (CDEP, 13). However, the risk will be handled through treating the water prior to its usage in the experiment. The management strategy for this risk is reliable since it involves using storm/waste water that has been treated to eliminate the consequences such as acidifying the water sources or soil on the ground among other significant causes. More important, other treatment techniques include the application of the sedimentation processes, hydrocarbon removal, filtration and hydrodynamic separation among others. Financial complications is also another risk the project faces. The project requires the acquisition of time and money to ensure it is successfully completed. Since the funds of the project are personal, they may fail to be sufficient. However, this can be sorted through asking the school to fund the project as well. Soil risk is also a key problem the project may face. That is; some soils have high levels of acidity such as sulphate soils, others have expansive salts. Some soils have the capacity of compaction and metal contamination, which may harm the machines used in the experiment or cause reactions leading to biased results (Muckel, 18). Thus, since one cannot determine the risk level of the soil in the storm/waste water, it is important that one wears protective attires throughout the practical occurrence of the experimental. This strategy is viable since it will protect the individual from any possible health issues or been contaminated by the pathogens or acidities in the solid or storm/waste water for the experiment. Safety is also a key risk that may develop through the experiment phase of the project. That is; the machineries used should be assembled well. The individual should ensure they have all the basic information for working the experiments safely. False assessments/ results may occur when the experiment is biased. That s; the individual should put all previous knowledge and research information aside while performing the experiment. The strategy is reliable since it will guarantee that the results are not biased. More importantly, if they are far from the anticipated results, the experiments will be repeated using the three models for reliability on the models and results. 6.0. Progress to Date
 The current progress can only be related to the theoretical review process that has begun and is on-going. The data will be beneficial for the second part of the project, which involves the practical experiments using model one, two and the CFD simulations. The results will be beneficial on the efficiency of separating sand from storm/waste water 7.0. Conclusion
 The project proposes evaluating the efficiency of separating sand from storm/waste water while using a cylindrical chamber trap. The trap involves a first model of practical experiments with a cap on top and without. The second model just uses a cap to test the efficiency of attaining the separation. Numerous theoretical review will be conducted to gain sufficient knowledge on the field, which will be applicable in the experiments. The benefit of the project is that many industries today demand quality raw materials, as well as an increased purity level. Therefore, since the project will help in improving the designs of separators of sand and other particles, it is important to understand all factors that influence the performance of such equipment’s. 8.0. References 
/ Works Cited Adamsson, Asa. “Computational Fluid Dynamics for Detention Tanks. .” Simulation of Flow Pattern and Sedimentation (1999): 1-23. Alpman, Emre and N, Lyle Long. “Separated Turbulent Flow Simulations Using a Reynolds Stress Model and Unstructured Meshes.” Aerospace SciencesMeeting & Exhibit (2005): 1-30. Bradley, D. Thermopedia: Hydrocyclones. 14 2 2011. 26 3 2017. CDEP. “Artificial Turf Study. Leachate and Stormwater Characteristics.” Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (2010): 1-22. Journal. Collings, X, Patrick. Stormwater Pollutant Separation System and Method of Stormwater Management. US: Patent US 6783683 B2. 31 8 2004. pATENT. Dutta, Anu, B, et al. “Application of CFD Code Phoenics for Simulating Cyclone Separators.” 20th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (2009): 1-10. Gerlach, Angela, et al. “Design Parameters of Vortex Pumps: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies.” Emergies. MDPI (2017): 1-23. Gerlach, Angela, Uwe, Paul Thamsen and Flemming Lykholt-Ustrup. “Experimental Investigation on the Performance of a Vortex Pump Using Winglets.” International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Mchinery (2016): 10-15. journal. Lehman, R, Joel and Verlin Frazier. Separating Sand from Fluids Produced by a Well. US: Patent US 802580 B2. 27 10 2011. Patent. Mohammadian, Masoud. Computational Inelligence for Modelling, Control & Automation: Neural Networks & Advanced Control Strategies. New York: IOS Press, 1999. Print. Muckel, B, Gary. “Understanding Soil Risks and Hazards. Using Soil Survey to Identify Areas With Risks and Property.” USDA (2004): 1-90. Qazi, Nadeem and Hoi Yeung. “A Neural Network Model Predicting Combined Sepaation Efficiency of Compact Axial Cyclonic and Gravity Separator.” IEEE (2009): 1-7. Tech Brief. “Slow Sand Filtration.” Tech Brief: A National rinking Water Clearinghouse Fact Sheet (2000): 1-4. 9.0. Appendices 9.1. Cylindrical Chamber Trap 9.2. Model One System with a cap from top and without 9.3. Model two with cap 9.4. Timeline Gannt Chart 9.5. Risk Assessment Risks Consequences Current Risk Treatments Current Level of Risk if it Occurred Likelihood Consequence Risk Level Ranking Environmental Risk Health and occupational problems Treating the storm/waste water effectively before use. This can be done through using chemicals 2 4 high 3 Financial constraints Failure to complete the experimental practical’s Request sponsorship from the school 3 2.5 Low 2 Soil risks Health risks to the individual and the surrounding environment Wear protective clothes throughout the experiments 2 2.5 medium 2 Safety considerations Physical and health complications on the individual and the surrounding environment Meet all the guidelines to using the laboratory where the experiment takes place. Thus, have all knowledge necessary prior to using the lab. 2 2 Low 1 False assessment Biased results, thus failed experimental results Avoid using personal knowledge or research information results to measure the results 2 2 medium 2 Proposed Project Risk Rating 0.00 Low Key 1 = Very Low; 2 = Low; 3 = Medium, 4 = High; 5 = Very High Read More