Site Conditions and Constraints for the Building's Construction - Report Example

Title: Construction Technology Dated: March 19, 2009 1. Site conditions and constraints for the buildings construction In the engineering, real estate development, architecture, and construction fields the word "building" may refer to any man made structure used for sheltering and protection purposes with the occupancy or an act of construction that may result to the development of the building. The technical feasibility studies are helpful in the process of building construction .These feasibilities are conducted with the application of latest engineering techniques for the collection of relevant data in complete shape that provides a pattern for the construction of buildings at all stages of the construction process(1). The construction of buildings is a coordinated and systematic mechanism that requires specific needs at each stage of the whole process. These studies provide a roadmap with all relevant details regarding site selection for the buildings, possible constraints as associated with the site for the building and their probable solutions. The adoption of appropriate technologies for the rectification of the probable constraints will help in the buildings construction as per approved plan of the building. The supply of materials for the building construction with required standards is a critical factor in the whole mechanism of building construction. The quality of the work done is regulated with the use of materials for the construction process and the material selected will also have impact on the durability of the building. The construction firms and corporations are paying special attention on the selection of desired materials along with their storage and utilization status of the materials for the construction purposes are the key factors for the smooth flow of the building construction process(2). The following diagram is illustrating the designs as prepared for the construction of the buildings. The building construction starts with the designing stage for all the substructures of the buildings including for the basement area, drawings with illustrations including length and width of each component of the building. The following is the drawing of a seventeen storey building showing the configurations in meters and basic design structure of the building. The sites are finalised on the basis of objectives of the owners as are associated with the specific site for the building. The sites for the multistoried buildings are selected on the basis of external conditions as attached with the building. Multistoried buildings are designed and constructed in the inner city places so as to offer facilities in the shape of low cost,affordable accessibility to other urban centers like shopping plazas, government and semi government offices and markets keeping in view the continuous supply of essential requirements like electricity, road networks, water,and disposal of wastes through environmental friendly mechanisms (3). The plots of the building filled with the old building materials as site for the building can be reutilised by taking necessary steps like removal of the old building parts with surface leveling and testing for making the site as compact and sound for the construction of purposed building structures. Temporary and false works for the construction of buildings are carried out before the inaction of the building structures. The provision of back up support to the staff as associated with the construction of the buildings is a necessary step for maintaining the quality of the construction work. Retaining walls and stabilization structures are made on the basis of location of the building sites for strengthening the basis and foundations of the buildings. All these structures are constructed with the help of the building design so as to make the structures stable and strengthened for the overall strength of the building structure. The building designs are formulated with the assistance of the draftspersons, building designers, the architectures and the construction contractors so as to meet the architectural requirements of the buildings. (4). The probable effects of the climate factors and the details about the design and integration of environmental factors are taken into consideration by the architects and the designers for both the single and multi storey buildings. The roofs of the buildings are the upper most structure which protects the buildings from the external environmental conditions and from the effects of the weather. The structures that require roofs for their completion include dwellings, stadiums, multistoried buildings and other similar structures. The materials for the protection of the roofs are selected by the construction firms on the basis of their specific requirements (5). The construction of buildings are executed by a group of technical and administrative human capital with the use of raw material as to construct the buildings with the use of resources and materials as on optimum basis with the result of a value added product in the shape of the buildings. The following building as constructed by the construction team is illustrating the position. . 2. Substructure design and basement These designs are prepared and approved by the architects of the building and the engineering departments’. The issues like the connections relating to bolting, welding and bonding are recorded during the construction of the buildings. The buildings are constructed at a place called as site for the building. The selections of the site are completed by a team of technical personals depending on the requirements of the owners of the building. Substructure designs and the basements are formulated in consultation with the engineering and architectural experts as associated with the buildings construction companies. The substructures for the multistoried buildings are designed in such a mechanism so as to provide a basic strength to the overall future buildings on durable basis. The substructures are designed in a mechanism that the same may provide a safe foundation for the overall building and to withstand against catastrophes and earthquakes at a high magnitudes (6). The buildings are constructed on the basis of detail designs as prepared by the architects while considering the site of the building, requirements of the owners, climatic conditions of location and availability of the specific materials as required for the construction of the building. The foundations of the multistoried building are designed on the basis of the relevant reports relating to the ground water of the site. The alterations and changes are recommended for the multistoried buildings if there is high ground water level in such a mechanism that to provide a safe foundation to the overall building(5). Fabrication methods for the substructure designs and basement are first drafted on the papers as on the basis of theoretical knowledge diagrams and than translated into reality with the use of helps relating to connections, copper wires system and electronic coding and de coding procedures. The lines of inter-connections are designed in the form of circuits in such mechanism so as to develop a complete network of fabrication methods for facilitating the building structure as located in the basements and substructures to facilitate the overall multistoried buildings on regular and secure basis. The adoption of international standards, use of quality materials and observance of codes and bi -laws relating to buildings are the major steps which contribute in the enhancement of quality of the buildings. All the stakeholders are working in a coordinated mechanism so as to achieve the desired standards with the use of required materials both for the structures and the roofs (7). The adoption of the construction procedures with all their necessary details is required for enhancing the durability of the buildings. The experts are working for the development of strategies and plans so as to make maximum profits in favor of their respective firms with the utilization of their technical and managerial skills in a specific time period at a location called as the site in the shape of building as to satisfy the customer’s specific needs. The skyscrapers are constructed for meeting the specific requirements as associated with the building to cater the customer’s needs in befitting manner. 3. Superstructures Superstructures for the multistoried buildings are in the shape of an upward extension of an already existing structure above the baseline. These are constructed in the physical shapes with the help of materials, both natural and synthetic, for the desired height of the buildings. The natural materials as used in the superstructures are mainly in the processed form as to fit in the components of the building and help in the completion of the building. The synthetic and physical materials include a wide range of substances as made from wood, fiber, bricks, metals including from steel, iron, aluminum and a wide variety of alloys. All these materials are used in the buildings in the form of their finished products for the completion of the super structures. The building designs are drafted in such a mechanism that their replication is materialized on the fulfillment of relevant physical principals. The erection of the superstructure is subject to observance angels, edges, shades and other related hanging structures of the buildings. Connections including bolted, welded and bonded are applied for strengthening the metallic plates as used in the construction process. The buildings are provided with fire safety strategy and plan so as to protect the building from any future fire incident. A blue print of the fire safety plan is displayed at each floor of the multistoried building with multiple exit points. The walls of the buildings are covered with the use of suitable cladding techniques so as to protect the building from climatic and weather adverse conditions and to make the buildings durable and good looking with the use of cladding techniques. The environmental friendly technologies including bi degradable packing materials are used for the construction of buildings so as to make the building environmental friendly in their nature. The designing of the building, selection of materials, and execution of the overall plan, cladding techniques, fire safety management plans and environmental friendly technologies are used in a coordinated and systematic pattern for the construction of superstructures of the buildings. 4. Roofs A roof is the covering at the upper most part of the building so as to provide protection and safety to the overall structure of the building from the adverse effects of climatic conditions and weather. The materials used for the construction of roofs depend upon the external designing, details and requirements of the building. The location of the building in geographical terms and height of the overall structure of the building plays a pivotal role in determining the shape of the roof of the buildings. The characteristic of the roof depends upon the purpose and objectives of the building with all its included structures, the materials as used during the construction process, architectural plan and designs, overall design of the building as approved by the concerned local authorities in accordance with the national and international building codes and procedures for the construction of the buildings are the necessary guiding factors for determining the shape of the roofs of the buildings. A building code is the set of rules that includes the minimum acceptable level of security and safety for the constructed buildings for the overall benefit for all the stakeholders including the owners of the buildings. The major purpose of the building codes is to ensure public safety and health, security and general welfare of all the related persons as through the observance of building rules and procedures and the resultant figure is in the shape of a constructed building. The construction of roofs of the buildings is depending on the use of suitable material for a specific purpose so as to provide safety and physical vertical boundaries for the buildings through the use of architectural designs. The durability of the buildings as well as the roofs depends upon the quality and quantities of the materials for enhancing the physical strength of the buildings. The design of the roofs depends upon the climatic conditions of the area, geographic location of the building and annual rainfall in the area. The performance of the roofing systems depends upon the observance of the building’s rules and procedures as formulated by the concerned local, national and international agencies dealing with building laws as to meet the legal obligations related to the building constructions. For example the roof of a library in Sweden is sloppy in its appearance and constructed with the use of natural and synthetic materials so as to provide a slope for the flow of external agents like rain water and snow in the form of smooth flow. The following diagram will illustrate the position in elaborative form as the design of the roof plays a significant role for the overall structure of the building. The materials used for the construction of the roof structure are selected on the basis of their specific functions as to provide strength to the roof structures with low weights, sloppy out look as to meet the requirements of the building and protection to overall structure of the building. The construction of a roof is determined with the use of methods that provide support and protection to the building as through the roof structures and to cover the underneath space with the use of suitable structures and components of the building materials. Most of the architectural designs are formulated by the domestic building engineers for ensuring the role of the roof structures with the adoption of suitable roof systems. The durability of the roof systems depends on the design of the roof structures, materials used in the overall structure of the building as well as that of the roofs in accordance with the plans as adopted for the completion of the roofs so as to provide proper supporting structure for the roof to stand by there in sustainable and stable format. The roof structure is generally supported with the help of the walls through a set of roofing systems so as to enhance the role of the roof structure as in accordance with the architectural plans as used for the construction of the roofs and the building(9) . The roofs through their detail designs, outlines and the materials are providing safety to the parts of the building through their specific roofing systems as used by the architects for the construction of the buildings and the roofs. The following building structures are illustrating the position. 5. References: 1. 1.Weatherwax, R.C. and Tarkow, H. (1964) Effect of wood on setting of Portland cement. For. Prod. J. 14(12), 567-570. 2. Robert Roskind (2000). Building Your Own House. Ten Speed Press. p. 353. http://books.google.com/books?id=Q3QCV5wzmJoC. Retrieved on 2009-03-14 3. Taunton Press Staff (1997). Roofing. Taunton Press. p. 11. http://books.google.com/books?id=VFTkJrl3WEEC&pg=PA11&dq=. Retrieved on 2009-03-14. 4. Sandermann, W. and Kohler, R. (1964) Studies on mineral-bonded wood materials. IV. A short test of the aptitudes of woods for cement-bonded materials. Holzforschung 18, 53:59. 5. Hong, Z. and Lee, A.W.C. (1986) Compressive strength of cylindrical samples as an indicator of wood- cement compatibility. For. Prod. J. 36(11/12), 87-90. 6. Francis Ching; Building Construction Illustrated, Visual Dictionary of Architecture, Architecture: Form, Space, and Order. 7. Cronin, Jeff (2005). "S. Carolina Court to Decide Legality of Design-Build Bids". Construction Equipment Guide.. Retrieved on 2008-01-04. 8. Baltimore: The Building of an American City, Sherry H. Olson, Published 1997, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (Md.), ISBN:080185640X, p. 248 9. Robert B. Duncan, “Characteristics of Organizational Environment and Perceived Environmental Uncertainty.” Administrative Science Quarterly 17 (1972), 313-327. Read More