The Token Economy for Children with Intellectual Disability and Autism - Article Example

Download file to see previous pages The research article helps us to find out the real relationship between the token system and the reinforcement of children.

Quality of Research Design
The research design is effective and efficient because it truly measures the reactions of children having an intellectual disability or autism. Different types of tokens are used against the desired behaviors to reinforce the children and then their reactions are recorded to develop the conclusions.
Impact of Dependent Variable on the Study
The dependent variable is the reaction of the child who is facing an autism problem or an intellectual disability. According to the research article, the dependent variable is influencing the research studies to a great extent. The old studies say that the token systems are effective tools to shape behaviors but the dependent variables, in our article, say that these token systems cannot be generalized in either way (Matson, 2009).

Evidence
A real record of evidence is provided in the form of a table having the reactions of the children toward different instincts. This evidence plays an important role in developing the hypotheses and thus concluding the research activity.

Generalization
The authors whose work has been cited in the article, are generalizing the effectiveness of the token money but in actuality, the results show that the technique of the token system lacks generalization (Randolph, 2009). We cannot say that every person or specifically a child may react to these reinforces in the same way.
Results
According to the results of the research processes, the patients with intellectual disability or autism are not reacting to the reinforcement, which is created by the token, or the tickets of the desired behavior. For example, some children suffering from autism are offered tokens against their favorite toys to shape their behaviors but they do not react in the way as it is expected.

Conclusions
The conclusion is based on the research findings of the article. The research findings say that the effectiveness of the token money was incredible in the initial times but as time passes by, the importance may lessen. The reason for the decrease in the effectiveness of the token money systems is the lack of modern research and the wide generalization of the theory on almost all the victims of intellectual disability and autism.

Practical Implications
According to the researchers, the token system for dealing the children having intellectual disabilities, or we can say autism, is not at all effective in modern times. According to their opinion, the research studies or experimentation on the token systems is not new rather it is done one or decades back. Therefore, we cannot apply these decade-old hypotheses in the modern age. However, the behaviors are the same but the interpretation of those behaviors changes to some extent. According to the research conclusions, the practical implication of the token system technique is less viable in this modern era. ...Download file to see next pages Read More