A Comparison between Non-smokers and Smokers - Assignment Example

Rationale of Program Globally, it is estimated that nearly is killing almost 5 million people annually. To this end, the United s accounts for approximately 433,000 deaths every year. Furthermore, smoking has been established as a primary cause of lung cancer with 80% and 90% of deaths among men and women respectively. Evidently, more deaths are due to tobacco smoking than by illegal drug use, suicides, human immunodeficiency virus, murders, alcohol use, and motor vehicle injuries combined. A comparison between non-smokers and smokers reveals that smoking increases the risks of strokes by 2 to 4 time; coronary heart complication by 2 to 4 times; risks of cancer in women by 13 times, risk of cancer in men by 23 times and death from chronic, lung obstructive diseases by 12 to 13 times. To this end, it is pertinent for both smokers and non smokers to be enlightened on the risks factor of smoking, the benefits of not smoking as well as the intervention mechanisms for quitting smoking. Goals of the program To decrease the incidence rate of osteoporosis, and raise awareness about it among community. To raise awareness about the risks associated with smoking, and to reduce the incidence of smokers in the society. To encourage lifestyle change among ardent smokers and provide rehabilitation intervention measures. To offer supportive schedules for smoke addicts through counseling. Objectives At the closure of the program at least 90% will have achieved sufficient awareness pertaining to risks associated with smoking. One week after the program, the participants will be aware of the nature of osteoporosis, and all implications and consequences of it on patients. At the end of the second week, at least 50% of the participants will have opened up and shared stories concerning their addiction with smoking. By the end of two weeks, participants will be able to share daily coping habits against the urge for smoking. By the end of week one, all the participants will be able to understand all the health benefits of non-smoking. By the end of the program, 100% of the participants will have form support groups against smoking and its consequent addiction. After two weeks from the beginning of the intervention, at least 90% of the participants will be able to engage in healthy exercise regiments for promoting their physical health. By the end of the program, all the smoke addict participants will be able to apply appropriate smoke withdrawal intervention in their lifestyles. 80% of participants who completed the program, and discarded their smoking addicts, will maintain on the new lifestyle change two years after the program. After the program, participants with smoke related health complications will be enrolled into treatment programs within local healthcare facilities. At the end of the program, participants will initiate a community advocacy group for sensitizing the general public on the risks associated with smoking. Description of Program Format 1.) Population information: Population: 20 males and 20 females Ages: 18-60 years old Race: all races Socio-economic statues: lower, middle and upper class socio-economic demographics. Educational level: all levels, from high school to graduate degrees Religious beliefs: all religions The setting for the program: health centers, beauty centers, gyms, shopping malls. Geographic area: Philadelphia the inter city Topic: “Healthy Lungs for Long life” 1. What is smoking? It is a lifestyle habit whereby individuals engage in the inhaling of tobacco cigarettes. Evidently, smoking is a pertinent social and health problem due to a host of reasons. Foremost, tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable disease and death. Second, the longer an individual smokes during his or her lifetime; there is an increased level of damage to the health. Third, all tobacco smoke does not contain any risk-free level. Consequently, there is an immediate damage from tobacco smoking. Fourth, all cigarettes are pose critical health risks. To this end, there are no safe cigarettes. Evidently, smoking is a problem that affects the health of both smokers and non-smokers. This is due to the secondhand and thirdhand smoke which can be detrimental to the health of both smokers and non-smokers in society. Evidently, secondhand smokes emanates from two forms. These are sidestream smoke and mainstream smoke. In this regard, sidestream smokes emanates from the scorching end of a cigarette. On the other hand, mainstream smoke refers to the exhaled smoke by the smoker. To this end, both mainstream and sidestream smokes reside in the air as small particles for longer periods of time stretching into hours and days. Consequently, exposure to such particles for even such brief periods is enough to trigger health complications such as chest pains and heart pains. In this regard, there is concoction of chemicals present in tobacco smoke which are harmful to the non smokers and smokers. Evidently, there are at 69 chemical components of tobacco smoke which can cause cancer. These include, arsenic, Berrylium, 1,3-Butadiene, Benzene, Ethylene oxide, chromium, cadmium, nickel, vinyl chloride and Polonium-210. 2. What are the risks factors associated with smoking? Smoking is a major precursor for various types of cancer that affects the lungs, mouth, larynx, kidney, esophagus, cervix, pancreas, stomach, and also acute myeloid leukemia. Smoking causes heart complications such as aortic aneurysm, stroke, hip fractures, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and cataracts. Pregnant and smoking women increase the risk of the infants dying from Sudden Death Syndrome. Pregnant women smokers also stand a greater risk of premature birth of infants or infant birth weight that are abnormally high. There is an increased risk of erectile dysfunction among male smokers. Secondhand smoke affects non smokers by increasing risk of heart related complication by approximately 25 to 30 percent. Secondhand smoke also increases the risk of lung cancer among non smoking adults. What are the symptoms of Smoking Addiction? Smoking addiction is majorly caused by the presence of nicotine in tobacco. To this end, symptoms of nicotine addiction from smoking includes; decreased appetite; production of excess saliva and phlegm; elevated blood pressure by 5 to 10 mmHg; incidences of nausea, sweating and diarrhea; elevated heart rate by 10 to 20 beats per minute; heightened intestinal activity; heightened mood swings or relief over minor depression; stimulation of memory and alertness. Is there a treatment for smoking? There is no quick fix prescription drug treatment for smoking. Moreover, it is difficult to stop smoking or adopt smokeless tobacco. However, treatment of smoking entails a gradual process of quitting smoking. Evidently, there are many intervention measures of quitting smoking. 3. How can smoking be prevented? The prevention of smoking lies in the demystifying the dangers smoking within society. Moreover, the awareness creation is not only limited to the users but also those surrounding them. To this end, awareness creation to the general public represents one of the best measure in promoting smoking prevention. In this regard the awareness, measures should encompass the development of personal skills which promote the resistance of tobacco use; development of positive identitiy; denormalising the use of tobacco and improving the support for coordinated surveillance, monitoring and evaluation of personal intervention measures in smoking. Statement of purpose: A high number of the present day smokers in society started off the habit before attaining the age of 18 years old. Furthermore, smoking has become a pervasive problem affecting diverse cohorts of the society. This problem stretches beyond smoker to non-smokers that are affected by secondary smoke. To this end, health intervention measures are necessary in order to limit the pervasive problems related to smoking incidences. Health Program : “Healthy Lungs for Long life” Developed By: University: Table of Contents The Intervention Sessions I, II, III, etc. Use the following format for each session a) Session Objectives b) Rationale for this week’s session (one paragraph) c) Materials needed for the session d) Prepare before the class e) Notes for the trainer before the session f) Procedures g) Include key points and specific content information to be used in the session h) Handouts for the session Appendix A: Facts Manual Reference Section Part 7: Appendix B: Evaluations The Intervention: Week 1 Session 1( Day 1-2) Session 2 ( Day 3-4) Session 3(Day 5-6) Session 4( Day 7-10) “Ice-breaking: why smoking?” Intro for the topic, some facts statistics, and referrals. Time: 8 a.m - 10a.m “Causes, risk factors” list all risk factors related to smoking Time: 8 a.m - 10a.m “Your lifestyle choices influence your health” how could participants improve their lifestyle habits in order to prevent problems associated with smoking Time: 8a.m- 10a.m “You can still beat it” If participants already addicted by smoking or affected in health due to smoking, what should they do in terms of lifestyle, and medications, and how could they improve their overall quality of life. Time: 8 am-10 a. m “How is smoking a social, and health problem ?” explanation for the smoking as a social and health problem, health problems of smoking, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of smoking related symptoms Time: 11 a.m – 1 p.m “Who is at risk” to assist the participants to conduct their personal health assessment, and evaluate their behaviors and lifestyle to determine their level of exposure to smoking Time: 11 a.m – 1 p.m “De-normalizing and rehabilitation beats smoking ” to inform participants how social intervention measures among smokers and non-smokers can defeat smoking, and what types of personal measures they can perform Time: 11 am-1 p.m “Tips” On how to avoid secondary effects of smoking in society, quit smoking, and how to stay with healthy diet. Time: 11 am- 1 p.m Rational for Week 1 (Session 1 – Session 2) The Sessions 1 and 2 for week one will focus on introduction of smoking as a social and health problem through statistical facts and indicators of the problem. The sessions will equally delve into the risk factors associated with smoking as well as the persons highly at risk to the social, health and economic problems of smoking. Session 1 Objectives The objectives of session 1 is to provide an introduction and background information pertaining to the topic through documented facts, statistics and referrals from notable health organizations such as the World health organization, and Center for Disease Control. Furthermore, the session will seek to demystify the smoking as a social and health problem, health problems of smoking, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of smoking related symptoms. Titles “Ice-breaking: why smoking?” and “How is smoking a social, and health problem?” Materials: Copies of the reference that will be distributed to the participants. Copies of writing pads Copies of pencils and eraser. Copies of activity sheets 1 and 2. Preparation before the class: Signing up of members for the ten day health program. Collection of all reference material. Ensuring there are enough copies of the reference material. Ensuring there are enough writing pads and pencils, Cross checking of Activity sheets 1 and 2. Notes for the trainer before the class: Fact sheet on list all risk factors related to smoking. Cross checking of activity sheets 1 and 2. Procedure: 1. Welcome the class and then explain the briefly what we are going to do in the class and the objective of the lesson. 2. Ice-breaker: (10 minutes) 3. Distribute the two week program sheet to the participants. 4. Explain the background information pertaining to the smoking fact sheet, effects and prevalence of the problem (5 minutes) 5. Distribute activity sheets 1. 6. Participants will fill activity sheet 1 with information pertaining to their lifestyles and their knowledge concerning the effects of smoking on their personal and social life. 7. Participants will hence share the information on activity sheet 1 with the rest of the class. 8. Distribution of activity sheet 2 and explaining to the participants to fill it in groups with data relating to preventive measures that can be taken to avoid the problem of smoking in society. (10 minutes). 9. Discussion of the group findings relating to the activity and key questions, and allow time for reaction in form of questions and concerns.(10 minutes. Session 2 Objectives The session 2 objectives will seek to enunciate on the causes and risk factors of smoking. This will be achieved through the listing of all the pre-disposing risk factors associated with smoking. The session will equally seek to assess and establish the participants who are at risk to the health and social problems of smoking. This will be achieved through conducting personal health and evaluation assessment pertaining to lifestyle and behavioral aspects Titles “Causes, risk factors” and “Who is at risk” Copies of writing pads Copies of pencils and eraser. Copies of activity sheets 1 and 2. Preparation before the class: Ensuring there are enough writing pads and pencils, Cross checking of Activity sheets 1 and 2. Notes for the trainer before the class: Fact sheet on smoking related statistics. Reference material on health, social and economic impacts of smoking. Procedure: 1. Welcome the class, and explain the purpose and the objective of the class. 2. Ice-breaker: divide the class into two teams, and perform a group bonding game. (5 mins). 3. Distribute activity sheets 1. 4. Divide the participant into groups of five and tell them to discuss and list all the causes of smoking as well as the consequent risk factors. 5. Let the class share in discussions pertaining to their findings and come up with one comprehensive list. 6. Distribute activity sheet 2 to participants. 7. Discuss the key questions with the participants, and allow questions and concerns.(10 minutes). Session 3 Objectives Session 3 objectives aim to examine the lifestyle choices of participants in relation to smoking and how participants and they affect their health status. Furthermore, the session will delve into lifestyle changes that participants can effect in order to avoid and prevent problems relating to smoking. . In addition, this session will seek to promote social intervention measures among smokers and non-smokers against the problem of smoking in society. Titles “Your lifestyle choices influence your health” and “De-normalizing and rehabilitation beats smoking. ” Copies of writing pads Copies of pencils and eraser. Copies of activity sheets 1 and 2. Preparation before the class: Ensuring there are enough writing pads and pencils, Cross checking of Activity sheets 1 and 2. Notes for the trainer before the class: Fact sheet on lifestyle habits related to smoking. Reference material on rehabilitation measures for smoking addicts. Session 4 Objectives The session objectives will delve into medication and lifestyle interventions for smoke addicts as well as coping mechanisms needed to improve their general health status. The session will also offer tips on how to avoid secondary effects of smoking in society, especially to non-smokers. I addition, it will seek to promote withdrawal tips for pervasive smokers and healthy diet regiments. Read More