Ethical Aspects of Bullying Literature Critique - Annotated Bibliography Example

Misawa, M. . Racist and Homophobic Bullying in Adulthood: Narratives from Gay Men of Color in Higher Education. New Horizons in Adult Education & Human Resource Development, 24(1), 7-23. < http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6a766059-39b2-4609-a7a8- ab4e5e638a44%40sessionmgr4&vid=3&hid=1> This article addresses adult bullying, which is evident in the American college institutions. It proves public’s view otherwise from the conventional believe that bullying only occurs to children. The study encompasses two gay male students who are conceptualizing racist-homophobic bullying, which according to Misawa, researchers have failed to offer the required limelight into the vice. The author highlights bullying issue in higher institutions where it is evident and based on the bases of race and sexuality. According to the article, institutions have the mandate of staging anti-bullying initiatives in their schools, which will discourage the vice from extending even in working places after schooling. Article’s arguing is valid coupled with its content, since it incorporates real examples of bullying victims, hence, shading light into the vice, which is widespread in educational institutions. The author via his study tries to erode the public’s perspective that only bullying in school is mostly among the children, but also is evident in higher institutions. Martin, C., & Martin, C. (2010). Bully for you: harassment and bullying in the workplace. British Journal Of Midwifery, 18(1), 25-31. < http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=dfd4dffa-c298-4332-a27b- 17c7856f606a%40sessionmgr13&vid=3&hid=121> This reference highlights the predicament of bullying and harassment, which midwives encounter while executing their daily duties. Bullying may take various forms in a workplace and encompass use of words or actions meant to humiliate the midwives. Primarily, this is by their superiors who threaten to fire them once they try to report to the relevant authorities. The authors elaborate how workplace bullying affects midwives mentally and physically, hence, rendering them unable to fulfill their obligations effectively. In addition, the article addresses how the superiors especially managers should handle their subjects. This includes effective mode of implementing policies and shunning all occasions that will seem to undermine their employees. The article highlights what midwives encounter while executing their duties plus its effects on mental and physical health. The authors have recommended and proposed effective remedy for the predicament, which entails devising bullying and harassment protocol. This encompasses how superiors can implement diverse strategies meant to diminish and deal with bullying cases. Consequently, this grants the reference its validity in the field of research since it has stated the problem well and proposed a sound remedy. Rodkin, P. C. (2011). Bullying -- And the Power of Peers. Educational Leadership, 69(1), 10-16. From < http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=ee84141b- 439f-4bd8-b459-482864e7687c%40sessionmgr12&vid=3&hid=121 > This article reviews "Bullying and Childrens Peer Relationships" book, which emphasizes the role of friendship in shunning the vice of bullying in institutions. Rodkin stresses that peers possesses the power to either discontinue or encourage bullying, since those who choose to bully are amongst them. Bullying occurs in the midst of friends who choose to allow it happen, instead of discouraging the vice. Rodkin work tends to have loopholes, since among the peers there are those children who are superior in the majority and turn to bullies, hence contributing in perpetrating the vice. Since those under them lack the courage to discourage the vice. Rinaldo, D. (2011). Bullying Takes Center Stage. Scholastic Choices, 27(1), 4-7. < http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=cd9e11f4-4c68-4095-8bb1- 0f50cb673332%40sessionmgr14&vid=3&hid=1>. Rinaldo emphasizes the result of bullying especially to the kids, which extends to adulthood. He argues that the wrongdoing possesses diverse methods on how to stop it and render the children’s social set up bully-free environment. This is by even asking the bully to cease from the behavior through showing him the impact it has on the victim. In addition, the source advocates for self-defense by the victim especially when victim has the power to resist prior seeking relevant authority. Rinaldo states that onlookers can still have a share in contributing to shun bullying, since when they are against it as majority, the perpetrator cannot overpower them. Rinaldo’s work may have some efficacy in curbing bullying, but this requires the involved parties have adequate information concerning the impacts of bullying. Since, the courage to denounce the vice cannot spontaneously spring up from those involved. However, the reference advocates for a person to do the required, hence tackling the vice effectively. Kahlenberg, R. D. & Moshe, Z. M. (2012, February 29). A Civil Right to Unionize. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/01/opinion/a- civil-right-to-unionize.htm?_r=1&scp=10&sq=civil%20rights&st=cse The source compares unions’ popularity currently and the postwar era, where workers were supremely vibrant, for it was in this way that they claimed their privileges. According to Kahlenberg and Moshe, postwar period was remarkably successful because unions aided in the enactment of civil rights Act to Medicare. This was due to the unity they had contrary to the current state where even workers are reluctant to join any union. Since most of them, they can get reparation for their overtime in their respective corporations. The reference compares labor representations in America to that in Germany, where the latter state is high despite the state of globalization that affects it economy. Additionally, the authors observe that America’s labor movements have declined significantly prompting citizens to compete for low wages. However, research show that many people are willing to join unions that will aid them in claiming their privileges if they are available. Kahlenberg and Moshe work investigates deeply what are the impacts of absence of labor movements in America, and comparing how the state would be if it were like in 1950s. According to the article, the current state is worsening due to wrongs that have crept in due to the absence of movements. Movements contribute immensely even to the amendments of certain Acts that will defend employees and uphold their dignity. The article offers an overview of the state of labor movements in America, which is declining. Gaines, K. (2007). The Civil Rights Movement in World Perspective. OAH Magazine of History, 21(1), 57-64. Gaines offers review comparison of civil rights agitation between U.S and the outside world. The article reviews U.S civil protesters who were more vibrant in pushing for human rights in America and leading for its extension in the world. This includes MLK and Mighty Sparrow who left a legacy that stands even to date. The author depicts how the legends’ diverse actions triggered in capturing world attention, for instance demonstrations in Mississippi, Albama and Birmingham. The reference focuses on how world rights agitation resulted from remarkable incidences in US while it was undergoing severe discrimination. This was the time when people were awakening from a deep slumber of slavery. These comprised of numerous global races where the “superior whites” felt that other non-natives should continue wallowing in paucity and servitude. The author offers the global motivation of civil rights where primarily emanated. Slate, N. (2011). Glorious Burdens: Teaching Obamas History and the Long Civil Rights Movement. History Teacher, 44(4), 591-599. Reference’s author is a teacher who shares his experience regarding lecturing the college freshmen re U.S incumbent president. His sharing entails elaborating relationship between Obama’s life and civil rights syndicate in U.S. The article reflects how Slate incorporates Obama’s speeches and some passages from “Dreams from My Father” that aids in informing diverse regional agitation of civil rights in America. Obama employs history to highlight about his mixed lineage and the evils he suffered being in schools where segregation was evident. Slate utilizes this memoir to depict how rights’ movements have had an immense impact on the students’ life currently. Since currently the freedom, they are enjoying is the toil of civil rights’ legends who toiled for them. This involves having enough bravely to claim for their rights if an individual seems to underestimate their dignity. France-Presse, A. (2006, November 23). Human genome surprisingly diverse. COSMOS Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/870 France-Presse challenges the earlier assumption that all humanity is identical using the current studies, which suggests that humanity is 99.9% genetically identical. The article bases its argument on “Genome Project” studies, which argue that people are diverse, and that is why some are more vulnerable to some infections, and tend to respond differently on varied medications. This is evident primarily to persistent illnesses, for instance, diabetes, which is rampant among Latinos in America. The article’s study argues that people possesses unique pattern of gains plus losses that constitute entire DNA sections. Hence, implying that we are diverse and not as former studies that were generalizing human anatomy and resulting to advocate similar remedy for same malady medications. Currently, the research states that, for effective medication, one requires for meticulous check up which entails complete analysis of a person’s state of DNA coupled with its responsiveness to medicine. ODonovan, C. (2010, September 20). Human diversity not that great. COSMOS Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/3746/human-diversity-not- great ODonovan in this source argues that human diversity across individuals is much similar within a selected region. Primarily, this entails location, which has identical weather patterns, for instance, people living within temperate places depict same characteristics that vary from those of other species in other environs. The author stresses that species may also differ according to generations, which is evident from the proportions of their limbs. The reference tries to depict diversity in relation to regions, which does not vary significantly. Consequently, having people with different skin color across the globe, for instance, Africans possesses darker skin that protects them grievous effects of UV radiations on their skin. This article elaborates more on diversity determined by regional climate characteristics than one’s genes. THALER, R. H. (2012, February 13). Making Good Citizenship Fun. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/opinion/making-good- citizenship-fun.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Moral%20Codes&st=Search The article argues that normal and legal measures utilized in ensuring that people have engaged in ethical, civic behavior tends to fail in numerous occasions. Since this, seems to be a routine that requires keen observance from the public. Thaler proposes the best remedy in implementing ethical behavior lies in making the incidence seem to be fun. Because humans, like fun and are more responsive to it than routine-like measures that are boring. For instance, in Sweden where the government devised stairs that resembles keyboard and produced notes while one walks on them instead of using escalators. The method augmented stairs’ usage by 66%. In addition, the author depicts how other states use lotteries in rewarding careful and ethical drivers from fining the careless, which motivates more observance in the roads, for instance, China. The source stresses the application of fun in imparting morals to the public, who are reluctant to harsh measures, primarily used by state’s regimes. Gardner, A. (2012, February 27). Are rich people more unethical? Cable News Network. (CNN). Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/27/health/rich-more- unethical/index.html?iref=allsearch This article is a collection of studies conducted on numerous people having diverse status and in socioeconomic inconsistencies. Gardner’s study depicts that people of elevated societal status are likely to engage in unethical behavior contrast to those of the lower rungs. He depicts this via various places where he attained the articles’ statistics and comprised motorists, students and streets. Studies proved that the majority of the wealthy held low esteem of the lower people, hence despising them due to the power they assumed and felt somehow above the law. The reference tries to gather information in order to establish whether the rich are unethical in the society. Contrary, to majority opinions of the participants who undertook the study, not all rich are unethical or disrespectful, and choosing to be ethical or not depends on individuals. Traore, R. (2006). Voices of African Students in America: "Were Not from the Jungle". Multicultural Perspectives, 8(2), 29-34. < http://ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=58b8449e-c1e1-4665-bbd3- 6b33959b488b%40sessionmgr4&vid=2&hid=101> Traore depicts the demoralizing and hostility that African students encounter once they arrive in America from their states in pursuit of quality education, to attain their life goals. They realize what they have found is far from their anticipations, and they have to encounter cold reception and even segregation. The author performed his study from Jackson high, which has a capacity of 2,000 African Americans and 200 Africans. Studying environment in America is not what these students were expecting, since first they have to encounter hostility from fellow students who are even ready to maltreat them. African students thought the quality they will attain is far past their wildest targets, prior landing on the American shores where to their amazement it is contrary. In the midst of their students, they face dehumanization due to their roots since others refer them uncivilized. Smith, M. (2009, December 13). HOME-SCHOOLING: Socialization not a problem. The Washington Times. Retrieved from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/dec/13/home-schooling-socialization- not-problem/ The source tries to prove that criticisms myths against “Home-Schooling” in America, which started in late 1970s, are not true. Critics claim that home-schooled children are poor socially, which may hinder them from interact adequately with fellow peers. Thus, prompting the majority being low-achievers in life due to their upbringing. Additionally, critics claim this form of education is more demanding and a burden to the parents who have additional errands to attend. According to Smith, the claims are not true because research depicts that the high performers in a social setting are students who have undergone home schooling. This extends to even in adulthood where they continue the trend and prove their capability even through civic leadership. They also excel in other life aspects that engross communal participation. Public students seem in society to lag behind in every aspect where the home-schooled students are responsible in their actions. Read More