Autism: Symptoms and Treatment - Essay Example

? Autism al affiliations Introduction Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder which is defined by the impairments in communicationand social growth, being adjunct with stereotyped prototype of interest. Along with insidious developmental abnormality, the specified autism is classified as the pervasive developmental abnormality within the DSM-IV of the APA (American Psychiatric Association). In the clinical practice, the word autism spectrum disorder abbreviated as ASD and it is always used jointly to refer to autism, Asperger syndrome, and PDD-NOS. Communication uniqueness that is the diagnostic of autism is recapitulated, with deliberation of the overlap amid social and communication problem, predominantly for children with autism performance at the prelinguistic stage. Early or untimely communication development and predictors of communication performance in autism are inspected, based on a review of retrospective and prospective studies (Deming, 1999). Autism is also recognized as a multifaceted developmental disability. It is believed that Autism manifest itself at the earliest three years of a child's life. The disorder is due to neurological problem that has the consequence on normal brain working, influencing the development of the child’s social interaction and communication skills. People or children with autism have problem with a wide range of social interactions, non-verbal communication, and activities which include elements of banter and play. It is known that Autism has a huge genetic basis, though the genetics of autism are multifaceted and it is uncertain whether ASD is clarified more by atypical mutations, or by unusual amalgamation of universal genetic variants. In extraordinary cases, autism is heavily associated with agent which causes birth defects. Controversies encloses other projected environmental causes, which include pesticides, heavy metals and childhood vaccination, the vaccine theory are organically improbable and lack persuasive scientific proof (Forbes, 2006). The extend of autism is approximately about 1–2 per 1,000 populace worldwide, and the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) account 20 per 1,000 people in the United States are detected with ASD as of the year 2012[update] which is up from 11 per 1000 in the year 2008. The number of populace detected with autism has been rising radically since the 1980s, partially due to transformation in diagnostic performance and government-subsidizing financial inducement for the named diagnoses; the matter of whether the actual prevalence has enlarged is unanswered (Deming, 1999). People with an ASD who obtained early intervention or management end up having better brain function, communication ability and overall social behavior in comparison to ASD people with no early intervention and management, various researchers accounted that the brains of children with autism showed respond well to the pivotal response management or treatment, If it were given early on. The agenda, that requires parental participation in addition to play circumstances, was fashioned purposely for brood with autism. The innovative technique incorporates learning and growth factors that are easy to use with very little children (Deming, 1999). Symptoms People with autism might have troubles with communication skills or abilities, social skills, and reaction to their surroundings. Not all characters or behavior will manifest in every child. Therefore, diagnosis must be done with the child's doctor or other qualified with knowledge in working with people with autism. Probable signs and symptoms associated with autism are categorized into communication, social skills and reaction to the world. For the communication the child could present with the following sign and symptoms; child not able to speak or having limited speech, loss of certain words that the child was previously able to say, complexity in expressing their basic needs and wants, they tend to have poor vocabulary growth, having difficulty in answering questions and echolalia which is the repetition of words that they have said (Deming, 1999). For the social skills the child is likely to present with symptoms such as poor playing skills, poor ability to maintain eye contact on an object, having issue in making friendship, crying a lot and becoming easily angry, they dislike being touched or handled and being much focused on the topic of their interest. In their reaction to the world, the child fails to pay any attention to what they see or hear, they have problem in dealing with variation in routine, they tend to use objects in unusual manner, and they tend to have unusual attachment to objects (Deming, 1999). Autistic children may have symptoms which are autonomous of the diagnosis, but, which can affect the family or an individual. Approximately 0.5% to 10% of children with ASD illustrate strange abilities, which ranges from splinter abilities which include the memorization of details to the extraordinarily unusual talents of phenomenal autistic savants. Many children with ASD or autism show higher skills in attention and perception, to the universal population. The Sensory aberration are found in about over 90% of individual with autism, and are therefore considered as core characteristics by some, despite there is no better evidence that the sensory symptom discriminate autism from other developmental abnormalities (Benaron, 2009). The variations are greater for the under-responsivity for instance, running into thing than for the over-responsivity for instance, anguish from noises or for the impression seeking (for an example, rhythmic actions). It is estimated that about 60%–80% of autistic children presents with motor signs and symptoms which include poor motor planning, poor muscle tone, and toe walking; the deficits in the motor synchronization or coordination are consistent across ASD and are much greater in autism proper. Early Intervention And Communication Skills The rigorous early intervention treatment is efficient for improving language skills and cognitions among very young population with autism, also, it normalizes their brain action or activity, it reduces their autism symptoms and improves their social skill, and globally studies have affirmed that. The researchers supposed the studies are the first to reveal that an autism early or untimely interventions programs can regularize the brain activity. The result on enhanced behavioral outcome and the capability to stabilize brain activity allied with social activities indicate that there are incredible probable for the brains of brood with autism to grow and develop more normally (Forbes, 2006). There are various factors that one has to consider in order to achieve effective and efficient early intervention. These factors include; the Programming should be individualized or personalized and applied in a supple manner, admission or entry into the program must commence as soon as possible and the finding is given. In a classroom location, should have a low student/child to adult ratio of 2:1. The Curriculum must be developmentally sequenced and behaviorally based. Management The major goals when treating and managing children with autism is to reduce the associated deficits/ problems and distress from the family, and to improve the quality of life and functional autonomy. There is no single management that is good and management is typically aimed to the patient’s needs. Family and the educational programs are the chief resources for the management. Studies on interventions have practical problems that stop ultimate conclusions about the efficacy (Benaron, 2009). Though many psychosocial intercession have some good evidence, signifying that some type of treatment or management is preferable to no management, a methodological worth of the systematic reviews of the studies has been poor, their clinical findings are mostly hesitant, and there is less evidence for the effectiveness or efficiency of treatment option. exhaustive, continued special education al agenda and behavioral therapy untimely or early in life can helpful for children to acquire social, and job skills ,self-care, and to improve performance and reduce symptom severity and maladaptive actions; claiming that intervention by the age three years is important are not substantiated. Available models and approaches include developmental models, applied behavior analysis (ABA), structured teaching, occupational therapy, social skills therapy, and speech and language therapy (Benaron, 2009). Educational management can be efficient to a varying degree for most people: intensive applied behavior analysis (ABA) treatment has shown effectiveness in improving the global functioning in the preschool children and is entrenched for improving the intellectual capability and performance of young person (Forbes, 2006). Neuropsychological accounts are usually poorly communicated to the educators, leading in a gap amid what a report advocates and the education to be provided. It is therefore not known if the management programs for the people/ children will lead to a significant changes after the children develops and the less research on effectiveness of the adult programs shows different results. The suitability of including young children with different severity of autism disorders in the overall education population is the subject matter of current debate between researcher and educators (Forbes, 2006). Prognosis From the research conducted, there is no cure that has been identified. People recover infrequently, as they loses their diagnosis of autism; this usually occurs from time to time after intensive and massive treatment and some occasions it fails not. It is not yet known how frequent recovery occurs, accounts rates in the unselected subjects of children with autism have range from 3% to 25%. Most of the autistic children can be able acquire language skill by age 5 or lesser; despite less have developed their communication capabilities in their later years. Most people with autism lack, meaningful relationships, social support, self-determination or future employment opportunities despite major difficulties tending to persistent, symptoms signs usually becomes lesser severe with the age of the child (Benaron, 2009). Conclusion Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder which is defined by the impairments in communication and social growth, being adjunct with stereotyped prototype of interest. It is known that Autism has a huge genetic basis, though the genetics of autism are multifaceted and it is uncertain whether ASD is clarified more by atypical mutations, or by unusual amalgamation of universal genetic variants. Symptoms associated with the disorder are categorized into communication skills or abilities, social skills, and reaction to their surroundings. Communication symptoms include child not able to speak or having limited speech, loss of certain words that the child was previously able to say. For social skill symptoms include poor playing skills, poor ability to maintain eye contact on an object, having issue in making friendship, crying a lot and becoming easily angry. For the reaction to the surrounding; the child fails to pay any attention to what they see or hear, they have problem in dealing with variation in routine, they tend to use objects in unusual manner. Various researches have shown that early intervention improves autism symptoms. References Benaron, L. D. (2009). Autism. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Deming, J. E. (1999). Teaching game playing skills to increase peer conversation in children with autism and related disorders. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. Forbes, M. A. (2006). Social communication intervention in a child with autism: An intensive case examination. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. Read More