Material Science - Essay Example

Material Science Question The nano-scale of material is important because it enables scientists to understand the uniqueness of materials in terms of their chemical, physical and mechanical properties. This enables scientists to be able to modify and apply the material properties in understanding biological processes variously in different scientific fields such as medicine and chemical analysis. Question 2Thin films represent an example of a nano-structural material, which has been applied in the film industry and also in the manufacture of electronics, to offer the monolayer advantage that allows for high smoothness of surfaces.

Graphene is another example of a nano-structural material that is being used in the optic and electronic industry, due to its high energy capacity and also the high rate of charge. Question 3 Scanning probe microscope works through the use of a physical probe that scans specimens and then provides the recorded data that is depicted in the form of a heat map that takes either an orange or a black and white image. Question 4Shear stress refers to the force that pushes particles within a liquid, gaseous, or solid material in a direction that is parallel to the surface/plane.

On the other hand, tensile stress refers to the forces that push a particle onto the other from varied directions. Compressive stress refers to the forces in the materials that push the material particles against one another. Question 5A phase diagram offers information related to the structure of a material through the graphic presentation, which indicates the relationship between the solid, liquids, and gaseous state of a material when the material is heat-treated. It offers information regarding at which heat-point the solid state of material changes to liquid, and at which heat-point the liquid changes into gas.

Question 6 The reason for the thermal treatment of materials is to enhance their ductility and modifiability, such that the materials can be structured in accordance with their usability needs. Question 7 Annealing refers to the heat treatment of a material such that it increases its ductility and becomes more workable. Quenching refers to the rapid cooling of a material through immersion into a liquid such as oil or water, to form a certain material property that is activatable in different material states.

Austenitizing refers to the heat treatment of material such that it attains certain hardening characteristics when it is cooled down through quenching. Normalizing is a heat-treatment method for materials that soften the materials without producing the uniformity of the material property. Question 8Graphite, copper, and aluminumQuestion 9Graphite is a composite that is applied in the engineering process, for the purpose of cooling computer chips and other power devices, due to its low weight and low costs.

Question 10 Collision occurs in the event of two signals being sent through the same channel of transmission, such that the signals collide with each other. Packet collision is a form of electrochemical collision that occurs when different network packets are sent through the same transmission medium at once. A late collision is another form of electrochemical collision that hinders the transmission of both the first and the second signals sent at the same time through the same medium. Question 11 The environmental factors affecting the rate of electrochemical collision include the environmental temperature, the physical state of the reactants, and the internal and external pressures acting on the reactants.

Question 12 The control or prevention of collision can be achieved through the use of catalysts and the reduction of both the external and internal pressures that cause the collision.