Current Claims for Stem Cell Therapy in Australia - Essay Example

CURRENT CLAIMS FOR STEM CELL THERAPY IN AUSTRALIA Name Class Date Current claims for Stem Cell Therapy in Australia Stem cell therapy is the best way to potential eradicates and treats a large range of diseases in the world today. Stem cell therapy uses a number of potential cells that are able to develop into numerous specialized cell types in human body. Stem cells have been recognized as primitive or unspecialized cells that are able to multiply and become specialized cells in the human body.1 These cells can include blood cells, muscle cells and liver cells and also other related cells that are functioning. In Australia there is an organisation called Australia Stem Cell which aims in exploring the mechanism that are involved in the stem cell therapy differentiation and regulation. According to research by Hoffman, stem cell differentiation occurs when different organs involved in stem cell therapy begins to develop into specialized cell. In some areas of the human body, stem cells regularly divide themselves to repair and renew the existing tissues. Stem cell therapy assists in treating various types of disease including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, heart disease and spinal cord injury.2 The study of stem cell therapy helps in understanding how transformation of specialized cells can make us what we are. This paper therefore seeks to establish the ways in which stem cells therapies are being offered in Australia and also to determine the available treatments for stem cell therapy. Stem cell therapy has a variety of ways in which it is being used to treat diseases in Australia and the entire world at large. Various types of stem cell therapy have been adopted by the medical research in Australia to provide a way out in rectifying these diseases that citizens had no hope in curing them. The introduction of stem cell therapy has impacted a lot in the clinical sector where treatment of these diseases such as heart disease diabetes and spinal cord injury are rectified.3 These types of stem cell treatments and their ways in treating diseases are as enumerated below. Ways of treatments available for stem cell therapy Embryonic stem cell is a type of stem cell therapy offered in Australia medical hospital as a way in treating certain ailments. Embryonic stem cell is grown in the laboratory through cells that are found in early embryos of a human being. These cells do have unlimited potential ability to regain the specialized state of cells within the body.4 Therefore it gives a way out in solving disease in human being as it provides an enormous possibility in new ways to offer therapies to the patients. From research study, embryonic stem cell process was first tested in the laboratory in 1998. In recent years this study was carried again and it met the strict quality requirement to be used in patients. According to Pastides, the clinical grade of embryonic stem cell was adopted by many medical hospitals in Australia since it was applied in rectifying the sight in old people using macular degeneration. In Australia is has gained interests among many individual having different disorders since it has provided a way in solving these situations. The main challenge facing this type of stem cell therapy is the ethical consideration and also the need in ensuring differentiation before the specialized cells are transformed in the human body.5 If the terms in patient benefit and safety are met then it will be easy to conduct the whole process. Advancement in the level technology in Australia gives this a notch high in implementing the knowledge gained in embryo stem cell. It will continually grow in terms of medical research as the world is still developing. The introduction of regenerating medicine in Sydney by the company named Regeneus has lead to the country to focus a lot in the generative capabilities of adipose-a derived stem cell to develop cell therapy in human beings. The launching of the autologous cell therapies namely HiQCell for human beings treatment and AdiCell and Cryoshot for animal treatment have simple procedures to be conducted using regenerating cells.6 Regeneus Company provides patented technology in clinical laboratories by the use of HiQCell treatment protocol. These clinical laboratories provide an enabling environment for research and cell processing to come up with the generative capabilities of adipose cell. Regeneus Company have conducted a clinical trial in part of finding out the research and development cycle it follows in coming up with high quality and long term improvements of these medicines in Australia. In October 1st an interim report was authorized which included the effects of these generative medicines in human bodies in treating diseases. This report was successful hence Australia is more steps ahead in research in obtaining remedies to diseases.7 Australia will continue its research in stem cell therapy to fully come up with an effective medical treatment in the future provided that the government has support over research through provision of modern medical equipments and technology. In few years to come Australia will be a hub center for medical research. The use of tissue cells is another process in meeting the stem cell therapy in the Australia. This process has been considered due to its wide range in provision of therapy to patients in Australia and the world at large. It is carried in three ways; the first one is the blood and skin stems cell pioneer therapy. Blood and skin cell therapy has been used routinely since 1970s. According to Langwith, bone marrow transplantation is used to replace patients’ diseased blood system in exchange for life.8 This is a common attribute that is brought forward by the various characteristics that are obtained in the blood stem cells. Many hundreds of thousands of patients benefits from special of treatment each year from the various medical hospitals available in Australia. Though some of the patients suffers from complication from blood stem cell process: the cells from the donors immune normally attacks the patient tissues and there will be risk of infections during treatment since the patient’s own bone marrow must be killed using chemotherapy before the transplant takes place.9 Bone marrow transplant has been using in Australia to treat cancer patients’ using the blood stem cells process adopted by the medical hospitals in the country. Patients are therefore subjected to these measures for their diseases to be healed. It’s a long process but it has hope in eliminating these diseases. The government of Australia has supported this process through improvement of technology and also improved the medical equipments that will enhance this process to be carried out.10 In the future many people will benefit a lot with this process thus curbing out these generic and more other diseases that were said to be incurable. Skin stem cell therapy has also been used since 1980s to grow new sheets layers of skin in the laboratory for patients with severe burns in skins. However, the agony behind the skin stem cell is that the new skin lacks oil glands, hair follicles and sweat glands.11 Therefore this process is still miles away from imperfection and extensive research is still conducted by medical researchers in the world. Despite this condition, Australian government have adopted this process to rectifying the skins of severely burnt patients. It has proved to rectify the looks that diminishes ones self esteem. Currently this, process has been adopted in Australia to save patients who are beyond third degree burns over a large area in their bodies. Many victims of fire have received this kind of skin stem cell treatment that has enhanced their skins looking free from burns. In the future, this process will succeed in improving the other elements of coming up with oily skin, hair follicles and sweat glands.12 This will be a perfect skin that will be used in stem cell therapy to victims of fire. The second way in using tissue cells in stem cell therapy is cord blood stems. These cells can be harvested in the umbilical cord of a new born child after given birth. The cells are cryopreserved in cells banks in which later they will be used in treating children with cancerous blood disorder including genetic blood diseases such as fanconi anemia and also leukemia. The cord blood stem cell therapy has appeared to be less convectional than the bone marrow transplants. The drawback in using this process is that success in adults is restricted by number of cells that are to be obtained in the umbilical cord and it also limited to treatment of blood diseases therapies with the creation of new cells only.13 In Australia it was adopted and since then it has ensured that victims are treated through cord blood stems therapy. In the worlds future research will be conducted to ensure better correction of blood diseases and other diseases can be cured using cord blood stem therapy obtained from a newly born baby. The third treatment process of stem cell therapy from the use of tissue cells is Mesenchymal stem cell that is used to repair cartilages and bone marrow. They are also entitled to produce fat cell too. Mesenchymal cells can make a number of limited cells but it’s not guaranteed by the medics that they will generate all the body cell.14 This kind of treatment is not yet used in Australia since clinical trials are yet still investigating its effectiveness and safety of this method in rebuilding bone marrow and cartilage cells. Medical expertise in Australia have gathered together to research more on this field so as to get more clue on how to go about this process and improving its effectiveness and to guarantee safety of patents. Mesenchymal stem cell in the future will be used to treat diseases such as cancer.15 Therefore patients in the various parts of Australia will receive this service and will be healed completely through therapy. Lastly, the treatment available for providing stem cell therapy is through induced pluripotent stem cells where specialized adult cells are reprogrammed into new cells just like in the embryonic stem cell. Using this process has caused a lot of drug development implications and also in disease research. Medical expertise have generated various cells including the brain cell from the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) made from skin that belonged to a patient with neurological disorders that is Parkinson’s disease.16 This research accredited more lab research to be carried in the world including Australia. This research in Australia provided hope that an individual patient’s skin can treat their disease hence avoiding the risk in immune system rejection if a cell is donated to the patients from another person. The drawback to this cell therapy theoretically in the current state is that the technology is still new hence reprogramming process is yet to be known clearly.17 In Australia it will be achieved easily since numerous research organization are carrying out the research activity to improve the efficiency of these methods in treating patients. In conclusion, stem cell therapy is the best method in treating diseases that are said to be incurable. There are various techniques and ways that nations can engage in to treat their patients from their ailing diseases. Various ways have been developed ranging from the complex one including embryonic stem cell therapy, use of regenerating medicines, tissue cell therapy and the induced pluripotent stem cells therapy where a state can choose and treat patients in their countries.18 These countries are also encouraged to carry out extensive research in the entirely medical sector so as to come out with ways that can contribute to the world in eradicating many diseases that require specialized treatment. References Dollinger, M., & Rosenbaum, E. H. Everyone's guide to cancer therapy: how cancer is diagnosed, treated, and managed day to day. Kansas City, Andrews McMeel Pub, 2008. Hoffman, R., & Zanjani, E. D. Stem cell transplantation: biology, processing, and therapy. Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, 2009. Kandala J, Upadhyay Ga, Pokushalov E, Wu S, Drachman De, and Singh Jp. Meta-analysis of stem cell therapy in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology.112 no 2 (2013): 17-25. Kolli, S., Ahmad, S., Lako M, & Figueiredo, F. “Successful clinical implementation of corneal epithelial stem cell therapy for treatment of unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency”. Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio). 28, no. 7 (2010). 597-610. Langwith, Joseph. Stem cells. Detroit, Greenhaven Press, 2012. Lanza, Risper. “Essentials of stem cell biology. Amsterdam, Elsevier/Academic Press, (2009). Lee, yung. “Host tissue response in stem cell therapy.” World Journal of Stem Cells. 2, no. 6 (2010): 1-6. Pastides, P., Chimutengwende-Gordon, M. Maffulli, N. & Khan W. (2013), “Stem cell therapy for human cartilage defects: a systematic review”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage / OARS, Osteoarthritis Research Society. 21, no. 6 (2013): 46-54. Turksen, Kennedy. Human embryonic stem cells handbook. New York, Humana Press. 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-794-1. Read More