Assignment 5, Biology - Essay Example

Chapter 5. The Next Step: Eukaryotic Cells Chapter Assignment – Eukaryotic cell structure In Chapter 5, we discussed the structure and function of eukaryotic cells. These exercises will help you understand and remember this information. Note that there is another file for this assignment (BSC1005_Ch05_Asnmt_IMAGES.pdf) which contains images of an animal and plant cells. 1. Organelles. One characteristic of eukaryotic cells is that they contain organelles, which each have a specific structure and function.

Use your text, the Assignment 5 image file, and Internet or other resources to complete the table below to show details of the main organelles.OrganelleShapeFunctionNucleusRound, nuclear envelope, a double membrane, contains nucleoskeleton, genetic material and nucleolusControl centre, contains genetic material (DNA & RNA) responsible for the formation of various cellular proteins responsible to carryout diverse functions for metabolism and survival of the cell. Plays imperative role in cell division.

Porous nuclear membrane aids in transport of various componentsCell membraneElastic like lipid bilayer. Contains intrinsic and extrinsic proteins. Lipid is phospholipid with hydrophilic (water loving) and hydrophobic (water repelling) molecules.In animals it is the membrane separating internal cellular composition from the external environment, an osmotic membrane maintains osmotic gradient, protein molecules present in the membrane aids in transport of various substance. In plants it is protected by the outer cell membrane that retains the shape of the plasma membrane and prevents it from rupturing due to endosmosis.

MitochondrionAn oval double membrane organelle with inner membrane folded in the form of cristaeReleases energy (ATP) from the breakdown of organic molecules by performing TCA cycle or Krebs cycle. Present in both plants and animals. It is said to be evolved from the prokaryotic cell. ChloroplastOval organelle present only in plants.Contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis which is responsible for food for all the living organisms as well as produce oxygen which is essential for life.Endoplasmic reticulumLong elongated tubular structures.

With ribosomes attached on the surface they are RER; while those without ribosomes on the surface, SER.RER plays an imperative role in the formation of protein while SER are secretory structures which are responsible for secreting various juices fro the metabolism of the cell.VacuolePlant cell contain one or two big vacuole which contain cell sap. Vacuole are the characteristic feature of the plant cell. They contain cell sap and are responsible for the turgid condition of the plant cell, responsible for the erect position of plants.

Cell wallUsually rectangular. It surrounds the cell.Cell wall is the characteristic feature of the plant cell. It is responsible for rigidity to the plant. It is made up of cellulose. Plant cells are attached to each other by means of cell wall.CentriolesCharacteristic feature of the animal cell. Present as cylindrical bundles.Plays vital role in the cell division of animal cell.2. Animal and plant cells have similarities and differences. Use your text, the Assignment 5 image file to complete the Venn diagram below comparing both cell types:3.

You have compared the eukaryotic cell structure of animal and plant cells. Which of the other Kingdoms have eukaryotic cells? Using Internet sources and your text, find out how eukaryotic cells in these kingdoms differ from the plant and animal cells.Kingdom Fungi and Kingdom Protista also contain eukaryotic cells. Fungi are like plants as they are fixed and produce spores but they differ from plants in their mode of nutrition. Plants are multicellular prepare their food and are autotrophs, while fungi is also single or multicellular but is sparotroph.

Kingdom protista contain unicellular organisms which are microscopic and possess well defined nucleus. They use pseudopodium or cilia or flagella for locomotion instead of appendages as in animal kingdom.Works CitedAlberts, B., Dennis, B., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A. Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P. "Essential Cell Biology". Garland Science/ Taylor & Francis Group. 2nd Ed. 2003.