The World Famous Attractions - Essay Example

1.Newton Cenotaph

The building was constructed by Étienne-Louis Boullée, who was the lead architect in the establishment of the Cenotaph in 1784. The building was built as an honor to the England’s scientist, Isaac Newton. It was 150 meters tall and engraved in a spherical shape. It comprised of two massive barrier circles of cypress trees, which encompassed the structure. Its interior exhibited various inks and washed drawings, engraved on the walls to form an attractive ambiance in the house. The Étienne-Louis Boullée’s idea was to create the affect of the day and night, where the saroophagus was illuminated by the lights emerging from the vaulting holes, giving an illusion of the skyline stars. The armillary sphere hanged on the center represents the day, through its mysterious glow.

2. The University of Virginia

The Rotunda structure located on the original grounds of Virginia university was constructed in 1822 and finished in 1826. Thomas Jefferson was the lead architect and designer, and designed it to resemble the Rome’s Pantheon, representing the “authority of nature and power of reason.” Construction aimed to separate the church and the academics, and it hosted the university’s library, relocating it from the church. The interior dome was painted to illuminate the night sky, to motivate them to pursue astronomy.

3. Yuan Ming Yuan

The initial name for the structure was Imperia gardens and presented palaces elaborate and beautiful gardens. The development was initiated by Emperor Kangxi, which was to be a dedicated gift to his fourth son. Its construction started in the late 18th century and was completed in the early 19th century. It hosted the central Qing dynasty emperor, Qianlong, and he used it to host parties and formal ceremonies. The palace represented an architectural wonder and incorporated vast art collections and the empire’s historical treasures.

4. Eiffel Tower

The tower was constructed in Champ de Mars, in Paris the capital city of France. Its construction began in 1887 and was completed in 1889. Its planning and building were conducted by the construction company owned by Engineer Gustave Eiffel, and after completion, the tower was named after him. They used Puddled iron, weighing more than 7,000 tons, and after the inclusion of the shops, lifts, and the antennae, the total weight exceeds 1,010 tons. The engineers utilized graphical methods to enhance the tower strength and enable it to withstand the impacts of robust winds blowing in the region. The designers also used three fading paints from the base to the top, which complemented the Parisian sky.

5. Bibliothèque Ste-Généviève

The building was constructed from 1843 and was completed in December 1850. Henri Labrouste conducted the construction, planning and design work. The building possesses an iron and glass study room, which is described as magisterial and the representation of a modern library. The exterior structure of the building is plain, while the interior expresses detailed masonry and ironwork, representing the principles of the Roman Architectural Studies. The designers also included a leafy garland above the first level exterior windows, which is almost identical to the Pantheon’s band, as an appreciation to the societal monument.

6. Oxford Museum/Oxford University Museum of Physical Sciences

The building of the museum was completed in 1683, and it became the first museum in the world to be open to the public. It was designed by Irish architects, Benjamin Woodward and Thomas Newenham Deane. It is constituted by a large square court, made of the glass roof and enhanced with iron pillars. Irish freehand Gothic Carvings decorated the interior of the building by famous carvers, Whelan and O’Shea.

7. Red House

The Red House is an art and craft structure located in Bexleyheath, in the England’s South-East region. Its construction and design were headed by Architect, Phillip Webb, and Designer, William Morris, who spearheaded its development from 1859 to 1860. It was intended to serve as a rural home for William Morris, and he invited some of his friends such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Burne-Jones, to assist in the interior designs of the house. Its construction applied the Morris’ craftmanship ethos and artisan skill, which evolved to become the arts and crafts movement. The interior decorations consisted of wallpaper designs developed by Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co.

8. Secession Gallery

The building is located in Wiener Secessionsgebäude, Germany, presenting an exhibition wall. It was constructed in 1879, as an Architectural manifesto by Joseph Maria Olbrich. The theme of the building represents the succession by a rebel artists group originating from the fine art institution. The motto of this team is inscribed above the entrance, “To every age its art, to every art its freedom.” Its features comprise the Gustav Klimt and Beethoven Frieze, which represents the vast spread artistry work around the globe.

9. Heian Jingu

The building is a shrine located in Sakyō-ku, Kyoto in Japan. The structure was founded in 1895 and was dedicated to Emperor Kanmu and Komei. Ito Chuta was the principal architect and designer and directed the procedures involved in the construction. The architectural design was a duplicate of the famous Chodoin, which was the resident for Emperors. It consisted of a red entrance, showing heritance of the kingdom's beliefs. The inclusion of large mirrors and the design of the positioning followed the Kyoto Emperor Palace’s design and style.

10. National Portrait Gallery

The structure is located in Washington DC, England, and is a grand building hosting a portrait museum. It was designed by Architect Ewan Christian, and the construction was completed in 1896. The structure is decorated with busts of stone blocks and sculptures of famous portrait artists such as Horace Walpole, Fredrick R. Thomas, William Faithorne among others.

11. Victoria Terminus

This is a historic railway station located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, in India. It acted as the headquarters of the central railway. Its architectural design was planned by Fredrick William Stevens and adopted the Gothic Revival Architecture by Victorian Italianate. Its construction was initiated in 1887, in celebration of the Queen Victoria’s golden jubilee era. The structure comprises a fusion of ideas from classical Indian Palace architecture and Gothic Revival Architecture. Its exteriors consist of wood carvings, ornamental iron and brass railings for the front booking office. The interior ceiling was painted blue, intense red and golden stars and was lined with glazed tiles from Maw & Co. It was summarized by Queen Victoria’s statue.

12. Viceroy's House/Government House

Viceroy house is the current president’s house, located in Western part of Rajpath, New Delhi, India. The design of the house was developed by a British Architect, Edwin Landseer Lutyens. Its construction started in 1912 and was completed in 1929. The apartment consists of 340 rooms hosted in a four-storied building. The designer adopted pure classical and European was of construction, which attracted criticism from the residents. They termed his move as an abandonment and neglect of their traditions. Indian exterior designs such as circular stone basins on the top of the house and animal sculptures were added. The interior consists of red sandstone the inclusion of the fur great Indian bells.

13. AEG Turbine Factory

The factory is located in Huttenstraße, in Moabit district of Berlin, Germany. It was constructed in 1909, through the guidance and plan of chief architect Peter Behrens. It is considered as the origin of industrial architecture. It poses revolutionary designs consisting of 100m by 15m tall glass held together by steel walls. It was the first of its kind. It adopted models from the traditional Greek and Egyptian temples, which formed the basis for the establishment of such a stable structure.

14. Church of the Sagrada Familia,

The building consists of a large unfinished Roman Catholic shrine in Barcelona, Spain. It was initially designed by architect Francisco Paula de Villar in 1882 but later resigned in 1883 after which the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi took his place. Its construction was altered throughout the way and was consecrated in 2010. Its design was to resemble previous cathedrals in Spain such as Leon and Seville. The interior of the church is rich on ornamental decorations, abstract shapes consisting of jagged and smooth points and iron railings.

15. Grundtvig’s Church

The Grundtvig’s Church is located in Bispebjerg, in the Copenhagen district, Denmark. Its construction was inaugurated in 1927, and completed in 1940, and is considered as one of the best church architecture in the country. It was designed and developed by architecture Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, who adopted the expressionism style. Peder combined the architectural designs of the classical Gothic, and the Modern geometric and Brick expressionism architecture for him to develop the structure. The interior has a capacity of 1,800 congregators, resembling the Gothic Church interior decorations such as high ceilings and ribbed groin volts.

16. Darwin D. Martin House

The Darwin D. Martin House was constructed from 1903 and completed in 1905. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and is located in 125 Jewett in Buffalo, New York. The design of the house exhibits the Wright’s Prairie School ideas and also incorporated other notable works during the period. Wright included Martin’s site plan in the wall adjacent his drawing board. The exterior features adopted the Walter Burley’s landscape idea, which formed an integral part of the architecture.

17. Schröder House

The Schröder House is located in Utrecht, Netherlands, for Mrs. Truus Schroder-Schrader and her children. The plan of the house was established by architect Gerrit Rietveld, and the construction works were completed in 1924. The architectural design of the house consists of two-storied building, with an interior possessing dynamic and changeable zones. They utilized sliding and revolving panels to subdivide the upper living room. Additionally, the house consisted of several balconies, facilitated by the use of facades. The house also comprised of a strict design, restricting opening of windows past 90 degrees.

18. Monument to the Third International

The Monument to the Third International was an idea by a Russian Architect Vladimir Tatlin, which was developed in 1919 to 1920. However, the plan was not actualized. The initial plan was to erect it at Petrograd, the now St. Petersburg following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. The idea was to construct it with industrial materials such as steel, glass, and iron. It was to host four geometric structures, rotating at different rates, completing a rotation in one year. A cylinder was to be set as a center of illuminating messages in the clouds.

19. Melnikov House

The construction of Melnikov house started in 1926 and was completed in 1927 in Krivoarbatsky Lane, Moscow. The plan was developed by Melnikov and consisted of two crossing cylindrical towers, which are artistically decorated with hexagonal windows pattern. The towers of the structure resembled a honeycomb, made up of hexahedral cells and bricks. The interior consisted of a large living room and a large single window above the primary entrance.

20. Notre Dame du Raincy

The Notre Dame du Raincy is a Catholic Church France’s commune in Paris. Its construction kicked off in 1922 to 1923. The design was developed by two French architects, Gustave Perret and Auguste Perret. The structure utilized reinforced concrete, showing the applicability of the material in construction. The church was constructed during the recovery period. Hence the materials used such as stained glass by coloring plain glasses and helped to save the economy.

6. Oxford Museum/Oxford University Museum of Physical Sciences

The building of the museum was completed in 1683, and it became the first museum in the world to be open to the public. It was designed by Irish architects, Benjamin Woodward and Thomas Newenham Deane. It is constituted by a large square court, made of the glass roof and enhanced with iron pillars. Irish freehand Gothic Carvings decorated the interior of the building by famous carvers, Whelan and O’Shea.

7. Red House

The Red House is an art and craft structure located in Bexleyheath, in the England’s South-East region. Its construction and design were headed by Architect, Phillip Webb, and Designer, William Morris, who spearheaded its development from 1859 to 1860. It was intended to serve as a rural home for William Morris, and he invited some of his friends such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Burne-Jones, to assist in the interior designs of the house. Its construction applied the Morris’ craftmanship ethos and artisan skill, which evolved to become the arts and crafts movement. The interior decorations consisted of wallpaper designs developed by Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co.

8. Secession Gallery

The building is located in Wiener Secessionsgebäude, Germany, presenting an exhibition wall. It was constructed in 1879, as an Architectural manifesto by Joseph Maria Olbrich. The theme of the building represents the succession by a rebel artists group originating from the fine art institution. The motto of this team is inscribed above the entrance, “To every age its art, to every art its freedom.” Its features comprise the Gustav Klimt and Beethoven Frieze, which represents the vast spread artistry work around the globe.

9. Heian Jingu

The building is a shrine located in Sakyō-ku, Kyoto in Japan. The structure was founded in 1895 and was dedicated to Emperor Kanmu and Komei. Ito Chuta was the principal architect and designer and directed the procedures involved in the construction. The architectural design was a duplicate of the famous Chodoin, which was the resident for Emperors. It consisted of a red entrance, showing heritance of the kingdom's beliefs. The inclusion of large mirrors and the design of the positioning followed the Kyoto Emperor Palace’s design and style.

10. National Portrait Gallery

The structure is located in Washington DC, England, and is a grand building hosting a portrait museum. It was designed by Architect Ewan Christian, and the construction was completed in 1896. The structure is decorated with busts of stone blocks and sculptures of famous portrait artists such as Horace Walpole, Fredrick R. Thomas, William Faithorne among others.

11. Victoria Terminus

This is a historic railway station located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, in India. It acted as the headquarters of the central railway. Its architectural design was planned by Fredrick William Stevens and adopted the Gothic Revival Architecture by Victorian Italianate. Its construction was initiated in 1887, in celebration of the Queen Victoria’s golden jubilee era. The structure comprises a fusion of ideas from classical Indian Palace architecture and Gothic Revival Architecture. Its exteriors consist of wood carvings, ornamental iron and brass railings for the front booking office. The interior ceiling was painted blue, intense red and golden stars and was lined with glazed tiles from Maw & Co. It was summarized by Queen Victoria’s statue.

12. Viceroy's House/Government House

Viceroy house is the current president’s house, located in Western part of Rajpath, New Delhi, India. Read More