Improving the Quality of Judgments and Decisions - Case Study Example

The author wants to show readers that small samples are unrepresentative for drawing conclusions. A student should collect large samples that are sufficient for generalizing. Hasty generalization is a fallacy because the conclusions are not supported by evidence. Appeal to pityAppeal to pity occurs when people substitute claims intended to create sympathy in arguments. The author wants to remind people that appeal to pity is a fallacy because it cannot serve as evidence for a claim. This fallacy can be countered by facing the facts instead of appealing to a person’s sympathetic nature.

False causeThis is fallacy committed when a conclusion is based on the presumption of causal relationships. The author wants to show that causation is not always a good reason for making conclusions. The fallacy can be avoided by providing evidence that justifies acceptance of the causal claim. Invincible ignoranceThis is the deductive fallacy of circularity committed when a person refuses to believe in an argument and ignoring all evidence provided (Gambrill 29). The primary objective of the author is to show that refusal to argue in the proper sense is fallacious particularly when a person makes assertions without considering the objections.