Essays on Victims Role and Rights in Criminal Law

While it is true that the acts would be criminal anyway, the Act recognizes the need for special protective orders for those who might be victims of domestic violence that go beyond the ordinary protections offered by the law.... The closeness and interconnected nature of the lives of those involved in domestic violence, both perpetrators, and victims, require special provisions within the law.... It might be asked why a separate definition for domestic violence is needed as all the acts that are criminal under the Act are considered to be criminal whether they involve a spouse, son/daughter or a total stranger, or anything in-between them....

Civil Law and criminal law.... The legal system comprises of the various concerned parties of the legal framework namely the court of laws, the lawyers, the plaintiffs, the official staffs of the court of law, the judges and also the society at large as often the judgment are held as records for future purposes and it becomes binding among the people.... In the United Kingdom, it is the House of Lords that act as the supreme court of appeal where the law Lords or the thirteen judges designated for the appeal hear the cases....

Also the rights to pursue the basic life necessities like personal health and rights against the unreasoned seizures and searches is hindered.... "Differences between US and Arabia law" paper analyzes the sources of law, identifies whether the Montana medical state is lawful, whether there is any duty to rescue someone in peril, and describes policies for treating someone in peril and reason for imposing a duty.... Saudi Arabia acknowledges Islamic law in its constitution by making Islam the authorized religion of the state....

law Course/Number Date Introduction Generally, the crime of solicitation occurs when requesting or attempting to obtain something or requesting that another individual takes a certain unlawful action or a series of unlawful actions.... Whether the crime solicited for is a misdemeanor or a felony, under common law solicitation is regarded as a misdemeanor.... If the person solicited actually commits the crime, the accused becomes an accessory and can subsequently be convicted for both solicitation offense and his role in the crime itself as an accessory....

The paper 'Right Behaviour among the law Enforcement' focuses on the propensity of unethical behavior among law enforcement officers which reached its toll in the 20th century in the United States.... The question on the application of ethics and the principles of right behavior among the law enforcement officers has raised reasonable concern.... The propensity of unethical behaviour among the law enforcement officers reached its toll in the 20th century in the United States (Geach & Monaghan, 2012)....

Under section 1146 hearsay evidence is defined as statements not made in oral evidence in criminal proceedings.... This research is being carried out to evaluate and present the law of evidence using the case of Tom (T) charged with controlling a prostitute for gain under section 53 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003.... law of evidence ... If there was forcefully or under duress when giving the statement then the video cannot be allowed in a court of law....

Amnesty International proclaimed that Hezbollah leaders have gravely violated international humanitarian law by targeting Northern Israel's civilian population (Amnesty International, 2006, 1).... Human Rights Watch supported this declaration by stating that attacking civilian locations haphazardly is a serious infringement of international humanitarian law and can amount to crimes against humanity (Human Rights Watch, 2006, 1).... The ICRC has used the concept of neutrality in its most rigid sense: giving assistance only after obtaining permission from all sides, and not condemning international humanitarian law and human rights violations apart from severe instances and only when public exposure was viewed as the only way to safeguard victims against any more abuses (Henckaerts, Doswald-Beck, Alvermann, Dormann & Rolle, 2005, 496). ...

The law states that the treatment of medication should be avoided as long as the condition does not become life threatening and an emergency (Columbus p.... The example of a Yorkshire Ripper case, in which in spite of getting the information of the psychotic condition of the criminal by various medical witnesses, the criminal was admitted to the normal prison system, shows how careless the system is....

strich has pointed out how criminal law in the United States fails to make an effective distinction between sexual coercion and consent in the matter of rape (Estrich, 1986:1087-1184).... This study, Women's rights in the USA Versus South Africa, stresses that gender inequality is one of the problems that are still prevalent throughout the world, although it may be comparatively worse in developing countries as compared to the developed countries.... HESIS/TOPIC – A comparative assessment of Women's rights in the United States and South Africa. ...

What had prevailed for the greater part of the 20th century was Utilitarianism as the overriding theory in criminal punishment.... In order to punish the errant individual for punishment's sake is not the purpose of the penal sanction; rather, what the law desires is for all to abide by the law and, therefore, maintain social order.... To punish the errant individual for punishment's sake is not the purpose of the penal sanction; rather, what the law desires is for all to abide by the law and therefore maintain social order....

Consequently, terrorism has become an even more dangerous practice and the FBI and other law enforcement authorities have recognized the dangers it poses to the general population.... As a result, the fragile property rights, weak governments, and weak law enforcers, as well as inefficient cyber laws have made it possible for the Russian mafia to be more enterprising in its activities.... This incident prompted the Philippines to establish cyber crime laws; however since the law could not apply retroactively, de Guzman's crime went unpunished....

In attempt to minimize emotionality in the work-line of crime scene examination, law enforcement agencies take off the officials that have some emotional connection to the victim, killer or to the place where crime took place.... ustice system of developed nations such as America, does not consider evidence collected by an emotionally, physically or psychologically disturbed official as admissible to the court of law.... entors and mentoring are also playing a notable role in terms of training Afghani law enforcement agencies in terms of fighting and managing terrorist organizations....

Children's rights in education, London: Jessica Kingsley. ... Since 1989, much of the UK law and regulation entailing Children Acts have emphasized the significance of giving an ear to children and the young people in matters of social care, education, and similar areas where they are great participants (Hart, 2001).... Reforms in law and regulation in the UK have emphasized the need to listen to children and young people in issues that concern them, including social care (Laming, 2003)....

Identity theft has become a very serious concern for law enforcement agencies.... Even when the law enforcement officers have a potent lead on a suspect, this evidence can still be altered and covered up making the authorities unable to trace the suspect. ... Parents should also watch out for cyber bullies and report such activities to law enforcement agencies. ... Once hacking into one's system is done successfully, hackers' online crimes can be traced back to the owners of the system as their IP address is being used to perform online criminal activities....

Significantly a high incidence of hyoid bone fracture was observed in victims older than 40 years and substantially less was observed in victims below 40 years of age.... The paper "Hyoid Bone Fractures in Homicide and Suicide" describes that fractures of the hyoid bone are commonly shown to occur alongside other fractures such as those of thyroid and cricoid cartilage depending on the force of constriction applied on the neck....

They are regularly exposed to racial profiling and harassed by law enforcers.... Never the less, many law enforcing agencies in the south of U.... , armored with the so called the 287 (g) agreements with the federal government, are trying to force immigration law in a manner that has caused accusations against the systematic radical profiling making the Latino crime witnesses and victims to willing and free to work with the police men.... These kinds of policies have created a sub class of people who are beyond protection of the law living in an economic shadow....

The paper "Decisions in criminal Justice Deontological Ethics" presents detailed information, that rt the core of this analytical piece is the exploration of the principles of right or wrong, which are the basis of the way people lead their lives together.... Ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice.... The savior man appears and disappears suddenly, and police, the universal law enforcers that should be obeyed by the society have warned the public against approaching or concealing him....

According to Robeson (2008) animal abusers are five times more likely to commit violent crimes against people and four times more likely to commit property crimes than are individuals without a history of animal abuse.... Animal abuse is not just the result of a minor personality flaw in the abuser, but a symptom of a deep disturbance....

These are the times that “being right” consist of what most of the people “think” are right, which may or may not be truly right in the eyes of the law, and of justice.... Crime is the act of doing something or not doing something by which the law dictates (Cole & Smith 7) Committing a crime entails the perpetrator to undergo a process that is under the concept called Criminal justice. ... Criminal justice is defined as a system with different components that deal with violations against the law (Tischler 175)....

The attainment of an equal society for women in Africa has been a gradual but progressive process as a number of countries currently formulate and implement policies that are pro-women in nature (Jing 21).... ... ... ... The attainment of an equal society for women in Africa has been a gradual but progressive process as a number of countries currently formulate and implement policies that are pro-women in nature (Jing 21)....

In the case of forensic discipline, the evidence and information that is collected and used during other cases might not be presentable in a court of law, hence, it constitutes a different set of rules and requirements.... proceedings and plots in mind, the jurors could become biased and in haste can make decisions that are contrary to the original rule of law and hence can result in denial of justice (Watkins, 2004). ... In case of forensic discipline, the evidence and information that is collected and used during other cases might not be presentable in court of law, hence, it constitutes different set of rules and requirements....

have been allowed to enforce data retention obligations on ISPs to help in criminal investigations.... The paper 'law and Criminology: Ability to Conduct an Investigation' seeks to evaluate the data protection act 1998, which came into force with the sole purpose of protecting the fundamental rights and freedom of natural persons.... he data protection act 1998 was framed which specified the limits up to which data can be collected and used, the new amended act has included CCTV footage and data information stored manually within its ambit and also implementation is stringent so much so that security personnel are also covered within the ambit of this law....

The Supreme Court emphasizes the role of civil rights in an organized society where public order is maintained and without which liberty would be discarded through excesses and abuses (Cox v.... This practice is dangerous in instances of domestic disasters because people would be more likely to give up their civil rights in order to feel more secure; and during disasters, laws often fail in application, and the military seems to be the only authority which can secure a semblance of security for the people (Douglas, 1963)....

Consequently, terrorism has become an even more dangerous practice and the FBI and other law enforcement authorities have recognized the dangers it poses to the general population.... As a result, the fragile property rights, weak governments, and weak law enforcers, as well as inefficient cyber laws have made it possible for the Russian mafia to be more enterprising in its activities.... This incident prompted the Philippines to establish cyber crime laws; however since the law could not apply retroactively, de Guzman's crime went unpunished. ...

Human rights in Protracted Somali Refugees of Dadaab Camp Kenya: Impact of Protracted Refugees.... I use "him" because under sharia law, some positions of leadership are gender governed and Somali being a predominantly Muslim nation, the rule applies (Munene, 2012).... Weaver and Burns reveal that countries in civil wars have had cases of extreme human rights violation.... Al-Shabaab was an extremist group, which perpetrated various acts of human rights violation (Gardner and El-Bushra, 2004). ...

As a result, then the memorandum argues that the general criminal law should be taken as not applying in any way to interrogators.... t the same time, the United States is a member of the international community and as such international law prohibits the use of torture.... After this details came to light, criminal Investigation Task Force leaders September 2002 issued written orders barring their operatives from using the SERE techniques for interrogation....

This means that, it is understanding criminal law in terms of its relevancy with jurisdiction in order to interact well with judges, attorneys and other law interprets (Macdonell, 2010).... Achieving Best Evidence in criminal Proceedings Guidance on interviewing victims and witnesses, and guidance on using special measures.... Therefore, for a governed region to have an effective criminal justice structure, crime investigations become an important element in trying to gather facts of a crime (or intended crime) in order to charge the culprit according to the law (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2006)....

But as per the article 32 (1)(2)(3), the contracted states shall not expel a refugee lawfully in their territory save on grounds of national security or public order - expulsion shall only be in pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with due process of law.... International Refugee law also states that UNHCR and member states have greatly enhanced the protection of refugee women and girls and gender related claim may be brought by them which are not limited to acts of sexual violence, family/domestic violence, coerced by family planning and female genital mutilation....

The other sample (control group) composed of children who were involved in criminal activities like drug peddling robbery and cyber crimes.... This shows that the relationship between intelligent quotient levels and crime is not inclined on a particular side since individuals with high IQ levels are involved in criminal activities. ... Individuals with low intelligent quotient to anticipate the consequences o f their actions about law and emotion effects of their victims base the second explanation on the failure. ...

The Libyan government should review its declaration within this treaty so that the dignity and rights of all Libyans will be upheld by the authorities.... 336), the universality principle of the International Criminal Court as provided by the international law gives the ICC criminal jurisdiction regardless of country or nationality.... Question 3: Re-Examining Treaties Already Ratified by Libya According to the Rule of law in Armed Conflict Project (2011), Libya signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) of 1966 which is the foundation of people's freedom, peace and justice of the human family....

Human rights violations typically occur within the territory of a state and as such would not invoke international human rights law if not for international and regional treaties.... Therefore, international human rights law is comprised of international and regional treaties.... The paper "The Experiences of the Inter-American and African Treaty Based Human rights " states that both the Inter-American and African treaty-based human rights systems are required to redefine the duties and powers of their respective Commissions....

ocke's state of nature comprises three elements; a state of perfect freedom, a state of equality and a state of natural law, which commands "no-one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions" (9).... The natural law immediately limits the scope of the first, in that we do not have a perfect freedom to jeopardize another person's safety or invade their property.... Secondly, if every person is equal, there is no natural claim to authority, which seems to conflict with the notion of obeying the law as set down by a government....

International criminal law Introduction: The basic premise that underlies human rights law is the fact that they are universal1, and therefore transcend social, cultural and political barriers and differences2.... Included within the framework of such international crimes are war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, torture and aggression4 and international criminal law is the law that governs such crimes.... ??21 The complex interaction between politics of individual states and the execution of international criminal law within an international forum which has limited the scope of international justice, has been pointed out by Pham22, who however, is cautiously optimistic about the potential of the ICC to adjudicate international justice where crimes against humanity are concerned, such as those that have arisen in the case of Asterixia....

iversion programs in criminal justice systems of different states are mainly run by district attorney's offices, courts, police departments, or by agencies.... he main requirements of diversion programs in criminal correction include: offering restitution on behalf of the criminal's victims, educating the offender with an aim of discouraging the future commitment of similar crimes, completing prescribed community service hours and avoiding circumstances that may lead to the commitment of similar crimes by the offender for a specified period of time. ...

However, managers such as Bob ought to know that sexual harassment is against law and is punishable in law.... However as a manager, David should understand it is his common law duty to take reasonable care and ensure that the issue is resolved.... anet, O, Chan, M, Carlo, C&, Chris, W2014, The concept of workplace bullying: Implications Australian Workplace health and safety law, Psychiatry, Psychology and law, vol....

They look at strategies of reinforcing criminal trials in view of human rights violations as well as strengthening the rule of law.... In viewing criminal justice requirements for modern-criminals who get involved in violence creation, victims of human right violation in the apartheid reign obtain no judicial support at all Stanley 533).... This would result in obtaining other measures of how the government should grant amnesty from criminal persecution as Wilson plainly observes....

This case study "The Women Human rights Commission of Korea" discusses the organization the purpose of which is to remove all kinds of violence against women including prostitution and provide support to aggrieved and oppressed women.... One such organization is the Korean activist organization, called the Women's Human rights Commission of Korea (WHRCK).... The goal of the organization, the Center for Women's human rights, which was later changed to WHRCK, was to expand the organization horizon of safeguarding women's human rights....

arious countries have in the past been treating children the same as adults in criminal justice processes.... arious countries have in the past been treating children the same as adults in criminal justice processes.... law makers may also be forced to make unnecessary changes to the laws dealing with young offenders.... 2011, "Juveniles v The State: A new direction for class action" law Society Journal 49 (11), 24-25 ... The psychology of public support for punishing rule breakers, law and Society Review 31: 237–265. ...

In the United States of America laws have been passed and then withdrawn because they could not stand up to challenges from those arguing for freedoms and rights to do with aspects of divorce settlements, child access and freedom of speech.... Deciding where to draw the line between harmless infatuation and the menace of stalking has proved to be extremely difficult, however, even for the mental health experts and law enforcement organisations who have to deal with the sometimes tragic consequences. ...

Counterterrorism incorporates customs, methods, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement agencies, or corporations adopt in response to terrorist threats or acts whether real or alleged.... The analysis of the threat of exposure and response to terrorism acts is a collaboration between different institutions of the state such as investigative, prosecutorial, and law enforcement institutions (Setty 2010, p.... Counterterrorism laws in UK elevate the rule of law, as well as the call for preservation of civil rights and liberties for terrorist detainees pursuant to criminal prosecution....

In addition, the aboriginal customary law has no distinct differences between the criminal law and civil law matters in the understanding of the general law.... Some authors have categorized the public matters as criminal law while the private matters have been branded civil law.... he concept of responsibility between breach of Australian criminal law and aboriginal customary laws differs greatly.... The recommendation of the report covered areas such as family and marriage matters, child fostering, custody and adoption, property distribution on death, criminal law and aboriginal communities' local justice mechanisms in addition to rights of fishing, hunting and gathering, (Blagg....

FEDERAL PUBLIC DEFENDER ORGANIZATION Your Name Your University Your School of Engineering, Social Sciences, etc Number and Name of Course Instructor's Name Date of Paper Abstract The research paper shall present the professional position of a lawyer who works in government agency particularly, Federal Public Defender of California and its role in the criminal justice system.... For the lawyer position, the duties and responsibilities, qualifications such as educational background, past work experience, criminal records and medical issues, including the expected salary and benefits, shall be the basis for the employment who is applying for the federal public defender attorney position....

"Racism in criminal Justice" paper looks at racism in criminal justice and tries to understand whether these racist phenomena are the causes of the criminal injustice towards ethnic minorities, which makes them display aggression and violence for the protection of their rights.... 'Racial disparity in criminal justice system exists when the proportion of a racial/ ethnic group within the control of the system is greater than the proportion of such groups in the general population....

A controversial proposal as it is, any new law that touches the Second Amendment in 21st century America touches almost the heart of the American people, and thus, would, now or in the future, elicit a nerve wreaking debate that perhaps leaves both sides of the divide losers; for no one knows for sure, most precisely those leaving in poor urban areas frequently associated with violent, young adult gangs.... A controversial proposal as it is, any new law that touches the Second Amendment in the 21st century America touches almost the heart of the American people, and thus, would, now or in the future, elicit a nerve wreaking debate that perhaps leaves both sides of the divide losers; for no one know for sure, most precisely those leaving in poor urban areas frequently associated with violent, young adult gangs, whether they are the next victims of the now commonplace gun violence....

Training is an effective strategy that can be used to prevent sexual harassments, training helps to clarify misconceptions with regards to what sexual harassment entails, it raises awareness amongst employees, it also helps to inform managers and other persons in authority their role and responsibilities in the fight against sexual harassment.... law & Society Review, Vol.... Marshall (2005) euphemistically refers the ineffectiveness of such policies as “idle rights”....

According to criminal law, men's rea is an integral element in determining some crimes.... According to criminal law, mens rea is an integral element in determining some crimes.... criminal law: Model Penal Code.... As a result, criminal liability test spelt under the common law affirms that a person is only culpable of a crime if the mental faculties were aware of the felony.... Conversely, the traditional law defines men's rea as the commitment of the crime under certain conditions....

Readings on Criminal Justice, criminal law & Policing.... Autocratic Leadership Style in criminal Activities ... The leaders in criminal activities have authoritarian leadership style due to the nature of their activities.... The application of autocratic leadership style in criminal leadership enables the leaders of criminal gangs to assign tasks to their group members, monitor the progress and establish solid deadline for the accomplishing the project....

If it was introduced under the criminal law, it would clearly contradict the right to freedom of speech as journalists would potentially face a constant threat of arrest, leading to limitless claims.... The study "The law of Defamation Issues" focuses on the critical analysis of the major legal issues concerning the implementation of the law of defamation.... The concept of a legally recognized right to privacy under the law remains the subject of a complex debate....

It is essential to say that the complexity of the crime of rape, loaded as it is with historical baggage and cultural stigma, makes the law on rape truly a mirror of how far our society has gone in terms of its understanding of gender and human rights, and how much it has let go of its antiquated beliefs.... The Sexual Offences Act 2003: Introducing Reforms to Rape Legislation The complexity of the crime of rape, loaded as it is with historical baggage and cultural stigma, makes the law on rape truly a mirror of how far our society has gone in terms of its understanding of gender and human rights, and how much it has let go of its antiquated beliefs....

olice officers' duties include, but are not limited to protecting, patrolling, and controlling law abiding citizens along with daily activities all around.... Such demand can hardly be overstated, given the tremendous authority vested on the police as the “cornerstone of democracy and the rule of law” (Prenzler 85).... The crucial role that law enforcement plays in the criminal justice system highly demands police integrity (Bayley, qtd.... As Schweizer noted, police brutality and corruption is against the rule of law, which law enforcers have sworn to enforce; most alarmingly, these can seriously challenge the quality of life of the affected citizens (361)....