StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...

Clocks in the Vasculature - Essay Example

Cite this document
Summary
Research has discovered autonomous biological clocks in cells which operate at the cellular, genetic, and molecular levels and hence at organic levels. They function together in order to optimise the efficiencies of biological systems through temporal synchronisation of physiological actions and behaviour.
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER92.5% of users find it useful
Clocks in the Vasculature
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "Clocks in the Vasculature"

Download file to see previous pages

An example is mammalian sleep rhythm or hunger, and its is now well known that there is a light-controlled master clock in the brain that controls these activities. Now the research is exploring the molecular mechanisms of these clocks in the peripheral tissues, which have been postulated to work through nutrient availability, although the exact mechanism is not known. heart which is essentially vascular tissue. This activity physiologically is autonomous, originating in the neurocardiac muscles of the heart and in health, occurs 72 times per minute in a regular fashion.

In most and usual cases, human beings cannot control the frequency of these beats on their own. However, several neurophysiological conditions can cause change in this pattern and there is established roles of emotion, feelings, strenuous activities, stress in destabilizing this clock either to a higher or a lower rate, and there are physiological systems that tends to bring back these abnormal rates to normal through neural and humoral mechanisms. Small molecules interact with molecular hormone receptors module circadian rhythm.

Catecholamines, vasoactive hormones, such as vasopressin and angiotensin interact with positive circadian regulators both centrally and at the peripheral vascular tissues to express circadian variations in heart rates, blood pressure, and vascular resistance (Harris, 2009). Genetic Mechanism Curtis et al. (2004) indicated the molecular mechanism of this clock. This occurs through pacemaker rhythms generated and sustained through positive and negative feedback loops. These in turn are mediated through transcriptional regulation at the genetic level (Curtis et al. 2004). Molecular MechanismThe drivers of this biological and molecular rhythmicity are transcriptional activation of of Per and Cry genes.

These occur through transcriptional activation of feedback loop by heterodimeric bHLH-PAS proteins. It has been shown that these trascriptional coactivators and histone acetyltransferase initiate the key events in molecular rhythmicity. These, p300/CBP, PCAF, and ACTR, react with bHLH-PAS proteins, CLOCK and NPSA2, to lead to positive gene expression (Ko and Takahashi, 2006). Link to VasculatureThe negative feedback loop is mediated by Cry2 mediated repression of NPAS2:BMAL1 through overexpression of p300.

This leads to a circadian and time-dependent association with NPAS2 in the vasculature, which is timed in such a manner that it will precede the peak expression of the target genes (Westgate et al., 2008). Therefore, at the molecular level this is essentially a histone H3 acetylation. It has been correlated with the cyclical expression of the mRNAs

...Download file to see next pages Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“Clocks in the Vasculature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words”, n.d.)
Clocks in the Vasculature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words. Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/science/1505584-clocks-in-the-vasculature
(Clocks in the Vasculature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words)
Clocks in the Vasculature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words. https://studentshare.org/science/1505584-clocks-in-the-vasculature.
“Clocks in the Vasculature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 Words”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/science/1505584-clocks-in-the-vasculature.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Clocks in the Vasculature

Greek Art in Transition

The “Classical Revolution” of the fifth century BC in Greece represents the end of the “Conceptual” view of the world that had been seen in earlier cultures.... The Archaic Period (roughly identified as the years between 600-500 BC) was a period of intense transition from… he ‘old' world styles of flattened figures and animorphed images combining the figures of animals and humans in different ways for different meanings to the ‘new' world styles which included more humanism in expression and optical experience reflected in the art forms....
5 Pages (1250 words) Essay

Technical description of the Slvador Dali painting metamorphose de narcisse

The essay analyzes the painting of Salvador Dali, Metamorphose de Narcisse.... When one thinks of eccentric modern painters, one of the first names that come to mind is that of Salvador Dali who is classified as a Surrealist.... Surrealism attempts to further our understanding of the human condition....
15 Pages (3750 words) Essay

Human Circadian Rhythms

Many features of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology involve alterations in the expression of genes regulating the metabolic and contractile function of the heart and vasculature (Edery, 2000).... The article "Human Circadian Rhythms" encompasses an overview of clinical disorders that are caused or affected by circadian or diurnal rhythms....
4 Pages (1000 words) Article

Biological Oxygen Transport

The most common elements found in the cells of living organism are Copper, Carbon, Chlorine, Calcium, Iodine, Iron, Hydrogen, Magnesium, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Potassium,… The major part of the solid substances of a living organism is made up of organic material.... However, these organic compounds are not sufficient for the human body....
6 Pages (1500 words) Essay

Describe the process of graft rejection in transplantation

Hyperacute rejection that is categorized by thrombotic occlusions and haemorrhage of the graft vasculature occurs as a result of pre-existing host antibodies that remain bonded to antigens found in the graft endothelium.... Transplantation is a method that can be used to treat any malfunctioning of an organ within the body by transfer of cells, tissues or organs from one place to another (Malhotra, 2011)....
2 Pages (500 words) Essay

Retinal ganglion cell maps in the brain: imlications for visual processing

The subtypes are associated with mood changes, possible role in migraine headache and developmental roles such as avoidance of bright light by neonates, retinal vasculature assembly and early retinal patterning.... By O.... .... DHANDE, and A.... .... HUBERMAN, 1Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego,United States, 2Neurobiology Section in the Division of Biological Sciences, University of… The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) function as the output neurons of the eye providing signals to the brain for visual processing and has about 20 different subtypes....
1 Pages (250 words) Article

Speech Disorder: Genetic Basis for Stuttering

In the essay “Speech Disorder: Genetic Basis for Stuttering” the author analyzes stuttering, which is a general speech disorder that impinges on approximately 60 million people globally.... This disorder is distinguished by disruptions in the flow of speech, the persistence of sounds and repetition....
7 Pages (1750 words) Research Paper

How Cirrhosis Happens Pathologically and Physiologically

This paper ''How Cirrhosis Happens Pathologically and Physiologically'' tells that Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and malfunctions due to chronic injury.... Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, partially blocking the flow of blood through the liver.... hellip; In the United States, heavy alcohol consumption and chronic hepatitis C have been the most common causes of cirrhosis....
9 Pages (2250 words) Essay
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us