Child Actions in Subconscious System that Reports about that Behaviour - Assignment Example

APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES Name Institution Professor Course Date Application of Psychological Theories Child was trying to look for a dress to wear and have chosen a Disney character to dress up Albert Bandura, a renowned psychologist, focused on development and implementation or illustration of the concept of the social learning theory. According to this theory of the child development, children have the ability and potentiality of learning new behaviours from observing other people. From this perspective, children tend to learn through imitating others such as their role models. It is likely that the chosen Disney character is the child’s role model, hence the need to imitate the mode of dressing. In most cases, such children tend to become more confident concerning their preferences as they get older because of the presence of choices, as well as substantial praises from relevant adults. According to Bandura, praising incorporates reinforcement of the behaviour leading to repetition of the action in accordance with the preferences of the child in question. This demonstrates the influence of intrinsic reinforcements such as a sense of pride, satisfaction, and accomplishment leading to learning actions and opportunities (Bornstein & Bradley, 2014). In this context, observation of other inclusive of parent and peers enable children to generate new skills while acquiring diverse information. Child was excited to put his poster on the wall but it was too high so the teacher put it instead Albert Bandura focused on the development and illustration of the concept or aspect of the self-efficacy as a part of the larger social learning theory prior to its development into the social cognitive theory. The development of the social cognitive theory concentrates on addressing dissatisfaction with the principles in relation to behaviourism and psychoanalysis. Self-efficacy is one of the essential aspects enabling an individual to generate the feeling of rising up towards accomplishment of the goal in spite of the existing and emerging challenges. In this context, self-efficacy refers to the belief in the personal abilities to handle or deal with diverse situations. Self-efficacy is central to the illustration of the social cognitive theory focusing on the role of observational learning, social experience, and reciprocal determinism in the course of personality development. According to Bandura, attitudes, abilities, and cognitive skills are vital in the construction of the self-system. This is evident in the belief of the child in his personal ability to try to put the poster on the wall with the feeling that he can achieve his goal. Child was building the cubes on top of each other  This context is an illustration of the Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. According to Jean Piaget, children tend to progress through four critical stages of cognitive development. Each stage is an illustration of how the children understand the world. This theory view children as ‘little scientists’ because of their tendency to actively try to explore and generate sense of the environment or world around them. One of the characteristics or elements of pre-operational stage (age 2-7ish) in the cognitive development of the child is the inability to conserve. According to Piaget, operation refers to any activity, which is reversible while developing logical structures (Fogel, Lyra, & Valsiner, 2014). Reversibility is the critical aspect of the concrete operational thought in the development of the child. This is evident in the ability of the child to build the cubes on top of each other with the intention of making substantial meaning of the things around him, thus the opportunity to enhance his or her cognitive development. The psychological development is vital in enabling the child to acquire diverse logical reasoning while relating to objects and things within the vicinity. Child sees other children sitting so he joins them The incident is an illustration of the social child development theories. For instance, Albert Bandura focuses on demonstration of the social learning theory enabling children to learn new behaviours from observing other people. Children have the tendency of learning through observation of actions of others inclusive of parents, peers, and role models, thus the perfect platform for the development of new skills while incorporating new aspect of information. The child in this context sees other children sitting, thus decides to join them through imitating their behaviours. This is an illustration of the concept of social learning theory enabling the child to acquire new skills and information on interaction with the environment and other aspects of the society (Wyness, 2012). Similarly, Lev Vygotsky demonstrates the seminal learning theory enabling children to learn actively or through hands-on experiences. From this perspective, parents, caregivers, peers, and culture have critical roles to play in the development of higher order functions with reference to the social development of the child. Child says to the teacher why zebras have two colours Jean Piaget focused on the development and illustration of a cognitive development theory with the intention of demonstrating comprehensive elements concerning the nature and development of human intelligence. The theory is one of the most critical concepts in understanding the psychological development in children through assessment of the process or aspects of acquiring intelligence and reasoning in accordance with the existing objects within the environment (Parker & McKinney, 2012). Cognitive development theory is vital in understanding the mental processes such as remembering, believing, perceiving, and reasoning. In addition, reasoning relates to the essence of intelligence with the intention of discovering ‘how we come to know’. This is an illustration of the formal operations stage in accordance with the four stages of cognitive development by Jean Piaget (Bjorklund, 2013). The child tends to analyse activities, actions, and objects within the vicinity, thus the substantial need to understand the composition or the two colours of the zebra following his or her encounter with the animal (Moore, 2014). Child is riding in a small car and every time he turns, he says, “Woo” The incident is an illustration of the language development theory in relation to the development or psychological growth of the child. One of the aspects of the language development theory vital in understanding the incident is the learning perspective. According to the learning perspective, children tend to imitate what they see and hear. In addition, children learn from reinforcement and punishment. Adults have the critical role in shaping the speech of the children through reinforcing the babbling of the infants, which might sound like words. According to the interationist theory, language development is both biological and social. In this context, the desire of children to communicate with others and the environment is vital in influencing the language learning (Cherry, 2012). The incident expresses the ability of the child to communicate with the occupants of the car with reference to the activities during the encounter. The child feels the need to share the experience and surprise during the ride, thus coining of the word ‘woo’ to express his feelings and emotions. Child is talking to another child and telling the other girl “I don’t like my doll because it has short hair can I have yours” This incident is another illustration of the social learning theory. The theory focuses on explaining how children develop numerous behaviours through imitating others or role models. In this context, the child seems to hold her friend to high esteem, thus the need to try to be like her through acquisition of the doll. Children tend to express the high levels of confidence through preferences, as they get older (Blair & Raver, 2012). According to Bandura, individuals tend to learn from one another under the influence of observation, imitation, and modelling. The theory is vital in providing the perfect bridge between the behaviourist and cognitive learning theories because of the tendency of the theory to incorporate attention, memory, and motivation (Frye & Moore, 2014). The child has a formed opinion or preference on a doll with long hair. This sense of preference demonstrates implementation of the social learning theory in developing the confidence of the child through substantial attention and motivation. Child is holding two ducks in the water box and makes noises ‘quack quack’ and playing with the ducks in the water An individual’s cognition, environment, and behaviour are critical in enabling the person to learn new knowledge and skills. Albert Bandura focused on demonstration of the importance of behavioural models. Bandura focused on the development of social learning and social cognitive theories, which are critical in illustrating the importance and significance of observational learning, imitation, and mentoring. The theories incorporate continuous interactions between the behaviours, personal factors inclusive of cognition, and the environment, thus generation of the reciprocal causation model. During this incident, the child focuses on observing the two ducks in the water box, thus the motivation to imitate the birds through making of the ‘quack quack’ noises (Whitcomb & Merrell, 2013). The child illustrates the motivation to socialize with the ducks, thus the aspect of making similar noises to the birds as an illustration or demonstration of the sense of belonging. From this perspective, children have the ability to acquire new skills and information through observation, mentoring, and imitation, thus effective and efficient interaction with the environment. List of References Fogel, A., Lyra, M. C., & Valsiner, J. (Eds.). 2014. Dynamics and indeterminism in developmental and social processes. Psychology Press. Bjorklund, D. F. (Ed.). 2013. Children's strategies: Contemporary views of cognitive development. Psychology Press. Parker, S. T., & McKinney, M. L. 2012. Origins of intelligence: The evolution of cognitive development in monkeys, apes, and humans. JHU Press. Moore, T. E. (Ed.). 2014. Cognitive development and acquisition of language. Elsevier. Cherry, K. 2012. Social learning theory. Retrieved February, 27, 2015. Wyness, M. G. 2012. Childhood and society: An introduction to the sociology of childhood. Palgrave Macmillan. Whitcomb, S., & Merrell, K. W. 2013. Behavioral, social, and emotional assessment of children and adolescents. Routledge. Frye, D., & Moore, C. (Eds.). 2014. Children's theories of mind: Mental states and social understanding. Psychology Press. Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). 2014. Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. 2012. Child development in the context of adversity: experiential canalization of brain and behaviour. American Psychologist, 67(4), 309. Read More