Human Behavior Theory - a Diversity Framework - Case Study Example

Case Study 0-2 years My first observation was of a 2year old girl ly Jomana. After observations the kid portrayed characteristics, they are related some theories. First is the psychodynamic theory by Erikson which includes stages of development which at this stage is all about autonomy verses shame and doubt. Jomana feels unsecured in the room with the students and keep on running out and in the room looking for her mother. A sense of shame is seen on Jomana in that he stops making sounds with her feet when she noticed that the students are observing her. The behavior also related to psychodynamic theory by Freud‘s in which he bases Jomana behavior on his sense of identity in that she identifies herself and only comfort she fills is that of her mother (Greene & Kropf, 2011). The second theory that was explained with Jomana’s behavior was the learning theory by Watson, Skinner and Bandura. Jomana performs a number of activities which include stamping her shoes, picking a pen, running to the door and writing this is an indication that the child is exploring the environment as explained by Watson theory. In states learning determines ones behavior, in our case little Jomana is a child that is eager to explore thus explaining the brightness of the child. In that after picking the pen he immediately finds a paper. She relates a pen to a paper thus marks the paper and hands it the mum. The third theory is cognitive theory of Piaget and Kohlberg. Jean Piaget explains that children learn how the world works by little experiments. In our case Jomana stamps her foot and discovers it emits sound. Also she takes a pen and points it up at which she discovers that it can go hand to hand with a paper. Jomana marks the paper. She immediately hands it over to her mother so asses it. Jomanas’s behavior also represents Piaget’s stage of cognitive development known as sensorimotor stage which is at pick at two years ,this is the age of little Jomana. The movement by Jomana to and fro the door and his continued movement in the room explain the Childs interact to the world through sensation and movements. The child hold on the pen is also an indication of sensorimotor stage (Greene & Kropf, 2011). This shows the ability of the child to hold on objects. The fourth theory is the Ecological & Systems theory developed by Bronfenbrenner, Lawton & Nahemow. Bronfenbrenner theory involve five environmental systems its evidence in Jomana’s behavior of which she respects her mother in that after marking the paper with the pen she hands it her mother. This indicates that Jomana is attached to her mother. The fifth theory is Lawton & Nahemow Competence-Environmental Press Theory. In which Jomana is trying to adapt to her environment in that she familiarizes with the surroundings. She stamps his feet to show confidence and to show that she has adapted to the new environment. 1-6 years old I observed Blake who is boy aged six years and portrayed he some characteristics that can be explained by the some theories. First is the Psychodynamic theory, Blake portrays a sense of guilt and initiative. He takes the initiative to say that she loves all the members present at that time, Blake plays with her toy but feels the guilt that he should not be playing a alone he invites doctor Kim to play with him. He also gives his toy to a crying baby as he takes the initiative to do his best in making the child keep quit. These are the traits explained by Erikson in his Psychodynamic theory. The second theory that explained Blake’s behavior is learning theory by Albert Bandura. Blake is able to portray good behavior and manners. In that he hugs one of the students, smiles and considers every one as a friend. He includes every one in his play that is the baby that was crying, the doctor and her mother. Blake is able to anticipate what will make the baby to stop crying and offers his to the baby. The traits can be attributed to his environment at which he as been brought up in. he also able to know that playing with the students may result in either the toy getting damaged or one of the students may take it. Blake when asked if he had a brother or sister he answered no, indicating his ability to think and knowing his surrounding (Greene & Kropf, 2011). Cognitive theory by Piaget also was notable in how Blake behaved. Blake is undergoing preoperational stage. In which has developed the ability to hug and play with toys. Blake is Egocentric in that he has his own perspective about the surrounding. He considers the doctor to be his friend and age mate same applies to the mother and offers them the ability to play along with him. He considers the crying child as a minor in which in real sense they are age-mates. Blake understanding is brought to test, he is able to identify if he has a brother and a sister. Blake is still keeping in mind that his father is outside the class room of which is not true. The fourth theory is information-processing theory, Blake’s mental hardware is developing and his mental software is able to process information that is essential for him in interacting with the class. He is able to identify the number of cousins he has, the ability also to identify the father is not in the room. Vygotsky’s theory is also evident in that the environment at which Blake has been brought up is the reason behind his well portrayed manners. Blake is friendly and is respectful (Greene & Kropf, 2011). The fifth theory that was evident was the Ecological & Systems by, Lawton & Nahemow. Blake is developing and it’s evident in how Blake is conducting himself in the class room. He is able to move around, interrupt with the environment and also able mingle with his age mate when he hands her the toy to suit her to stop crying. The final theory was the Ecological & Systems theory by Urie Bronfenbrenner. It concentrates in the Maslow hierarchy of needs. Blake is unique in the sense that he is able to be friends with all in the class room. He also perceives that his world is all about inclusiveness and is not self centered. Blake is aware that the surrounding although strange is friendly and only doubts some students in a sense of Insecurity in that when playing with the to he considers playing with every one, but when asked if the students can join he refuses citing that they may fail to return. In conclusion Blake portrays all the traits outlined by the theorist. 6- 12 years Psychodynamic theory by Erikson was evidence when I observed a young girl. She is able to identify herself and responds positively to the questions directed to her; she identifies what she likes and what entails her surroundings. She identifies that all her parents are equal. She has made her mind as to what to do in her life The second theory is the learning theory by Bandura, Watson and skinner. When the girl was asked her future ambitions she said she wanted to be a doctor. After observing the doctor in class, she occluded that the doctor will be her mentor. She also wanted to own a restaurant, this was attributed to her visit to one, and this was evidence when asked about her favorite food. The girl perceives her world to be wide in the sense that he includes her friends and family. She finds comfort in both parents it was seen when asked which parent was the best and termed both to be the same (Greene & Kropf, 2011). The third theory that was portrayed was the cognitive theory by Piaget. The girl is undergoing a stage known as concrete operational thought. She is able to think and her reasoning is logic. When asked her ambitions she referred to two options which were seen recommendable. She was able to note that she has two parents and they are all equal in her perspective. The fourth theory was Ecological & Systems Lawton & Nahemow, it describes the relation between adaptation and development, of which a persons abilities to demand a place on the surrounding, the girls is trying to recreate the class room into a friendly one. She makes it feel like home, she recreate the home environment by answering question in relation to the day to day activities. From food to her parents, she includes school and what she does after school. The girl also mentions her friends who seem to be dear to her. Ecological & Systems by Bronfenbrenner, this is evidence since the girls thinking evolve around her family and friends. They are the ones who influence her behavior and way of life. 12 to 18 years I observed a male teenager aged 17, and observed the following watching wrestling on TV he calls a female friend and chart over 5mins he turns off the television and turn to listen to music I asked him what he likes doing at free times , he says that he likes parting and swimming I asked about his friends , he says that he has 1 male friend and three female friends Asked about what he would like to be he answers he does care He walks to reach for the fridge and emerges with red bull He again reaches for the radio and changed the station He then looks at the clock and tells me he has a date and tells me not to tell her mum He refuses to answer more questions but he says he hates his parents since they are always nagging him He leaves the room probably to change The traits portrayed by the teen was evidence to Psychodynamic theory by Erikson where is the issue of identity confusion, the teenager is confuse as what he should do with his life. He also is confused on what to, he is caught up on watching TV but he decides to listen to music. He suffers from confusion and he decides to leave what he was doing so as to attend to date that had been arranged in only five minutes. The other theory is the learning theory by skinner, the teenager has learned about dating through the television and peer pressure. He is trying to imitate what the TV offers. As he fears to be punished the teenager tells me not to tell his parents, this is due either an earlier punishment he received while doing the same (Greene & Kropf, 2011). The third theory is cognitive by Piaget, the boy is thinking as an adult, the boy is thinking about the opposite sex and even asks for a date. He has a mind of his own in that he makes a decision between listen to music and heading for a date. His knowledge of the world has increased and he seems independent in thinking since through our observation he mentioned less about his parents. The fourth theory was Ecological & Systems by Bronfenbrenner, it lays emphasis on needs and self actualization. The boy needs are mostly entertainment in that he resorts to listen to music and television. He likes party thus another reason to conclude his needs. 18 to 65+ Am observing a male adult aged 29years Reading magazines and business journals Discussed politics and current issues He comments on the dollar and its impact on the economy He logs into his mail and applies for a certain job He asks offers a cup of wine He walks to the fridge and comes out with two beers and a bottle of wine I ask him about his mentor and he tells me its Richard Branson I ask about his marital status and he is married His a manager at a local restaurant Asked what he wanted to be when he was a child and he said a teacher Psychodynamic theory by Erikson was evidence when I observed adult. He is able to identify herself and responds positively to the questions directed to him; he identifies the surrounding and is able to know his responsibility. The second theory is the learning theory by Bandura, Watson and skinner. The adult is able to identify his mentor and is determined to follow his footsteps. He sees him as a success and is willing to emulate that the third theory that was portrayed was the cognitive theory by Piaget. The adult has undergone all the stages of development and has matured in both thinking and decisions on his own. The third theory was Ecological & Systems theory by Bronfenbrenner in which the adult is able to determine his needs he prioritizes is future ambitions, although having a job he is determined to emulate Richard on his success in the airline industry. The fourth theory explaining the adult’s behavior was the Ecological & Systems by Lawton & Nahemow. The adult is aware of his environment; he is able to research intensively and is at home with current issue. He is determined to improve his current situation. His emphasis lay in success; he is determined to do his best to improve in life. The fifth theory is the life span theory by battles; he explains the various changes through ones life time. For instance after studying different person, was able to differentiate them from that of the adult. His was more of a real life and was realistic. The man was calm as compared to previous subjects (Greene & Kropf, 2011). In conclusion the six theories go line in line, as interest changes according to needs at that time. The more ones grow the more one become responsible and the need for much attention and thinking get involved. As per my ambitions of becoming a school director first I should be able to understand my environment and its component. Needs should be set according to agency. Just like a development in human thinking will vary and ambitions change until it matures. The theories not only apply to development but also day to day activity. References Greene, R & Kropf, N. (2011). Human Behavior Theory: A Diversity Framework. New York: Transaction Publishers. Read More