Drug and Substance Abuse - Assignment Example

DQ-480 DQ-480 Qsn Drug and substance abuse may be a very difficult behavior to change. However, through the use of psychotherapy principles, it is very possible to change the behavior. As seen in the work of Markowitz & Weissman (2004), a good relation between a patient and the therapist may be of great help to solve problems. If the drug abuser is able to communicate well with the therapist he/she may go through a healing process as they have already built a rapport between themselves. The patient will feel important and unique to the therapist; thus, take the advice from the therapist positively. Qsn 2 As Markowitz & Weissman (2003) indicates, psychotherapy ensures that change takes place in patients that come to seek for help. However, some patients may always assume that they have no problems in their life yet they are suffering. Persons who have been stalked before undergo stress and a lot of pressure in life. This leads to them requiring help at all costs despite their assumptions. Through psychotherapy, they will ne advised on how to change their lifestyle in a way that will reduce the chances of their being stalked by their friends or even persons who have been sent to do so. Qsn 3 Disorders that would be better to approach within a group setting include eating disorders or even mental disorders. As Dufresne, et al (2006) argue that group therapy individuals share their problems effectively as opposed to individual therapy. In this setting, they feel that they share similarities with other people that are suffering just like them; thus, evaluate themselves more. Individual therapy on the other hand would be useful for personal issues such as masturbation that affects individuals personally. It would be more of dishonor to such a person to ask them to share their problems in the open as the issue touches on their private life. Dufresne, et al (2006) write that through the individual therapy the clients can easily identify their problems hence personal growth and more interpersonal interactions. Qsn 4 The therapeutic orientation that would be the best approach for dealing with persons of a low self esteem would be applying the activation principle. This approach as Shedler (2010) describes, will help the patient initiate more positive actions and thoughts that will propel them to develop positive attitudes that will change their lifestyles. For instance, stubborn and hopeless patients will develop the art of loving themselves and will not take any argument negatively. The patients will also coordinate their activities well as they understand various concepts from different points of view as opposed to their point of thinking (Shedler, 2010). Qsn 5 Therapy and certain approaches such as the psychodynamic approach are hugely affected with managed care and the ongoing evolution of health insurance. Ingrid (2000) indicates that a lot of clinicians have suffered a great deal in the course of providing service to their patients especially in managed care organizations. Managed care insurance programs have proven hostile for many clinicians. The expectations of managed care are extremely demanding. The psychotherapists as Ingrid (2000) argues, it has been tricky to get to the private life of patients in the context of managed care. This justifies the aspect that the evaluation and assessment is greatly compromised by the managed care. Qsn 6 Revealing an employee’s doctor’s records to the employer may have both negative and practical impacts on the employee. On the positive side, the doctor’s records may help the employer put in place mechanisms that will allow the employee enjoy their working place such relieving the duties that are likely to stress them (Bassi, Lau & Lesperance, 2012). On the negative side, some malicious employers may take advantage of the employee’s medical records to discriminate them or even find justification for firing such employees (Bassi, Lau & Lesperance, 2012). A good example is an employee who is expected to have a stroke; he /she may be a liability to the company. The employer may dismiss them early enough. Qsn 7 Confidentiality and informed consent are the most important to me as a client. As seen in the research conducted by Pomerantz & Handelsman (2004), through informed consent patients to of the risks that they may encounter, their rights as well as the benefits of taking part in clinical experiments. This ethical guideline helps me decide on whether to go through a medical process or not. Smith-Tyler (2007) indicates that confidentiality ensures that patient records are not shared to a third party without consent. This ethical guideline makes sure that my health information is safeguarded and any person that may want to take advantage of my records are barred. Qsn 8 In as much Weiner (2001) argues that the patient confidentiality may be refer to who knows best between the patient and the doctor, the consequences for breaching confidentiality needs to be punished. In the event that the doctors share the patients’ information to third parties without their knowledge, they need to be warned. If the same instance occurs again, the medical practitioner needs to face the law and answer to charges. It would also be advisable for the hospital’s administration in conjunction with the nursing association should revoke the license of the medical practitioner as they cause serious harm to the patients. Qsn 9 I would approach the need to breach confidentiality as a very critical matter. The medical practitioners may find in their accord important to share the patients’ information to a third party. On the part of the patient, this may mark the beginning of their downfall as the third parties may use the information acquired to give the incorrect notions on other persons. Some people may also want to use the patients’ medical information for commercial gain (Smith-Tyler, 2007). The patients, in this context, have a lot to lose. Breaching confidentiality, as a result needs not be taken lightly in any way. Qsn 10 Ford & Joseph (2006) are of the thought that intelligent tests are biased as they deny learners an opportunity to display their ability especially for learners that have not had the opportunity to access equal educational opportunities such the African American children. As far the court case is concerned, a lot of discrimination is evident. The African American scored lower; thus, were linked to being less intelligent and did not have the ability to meet the expected requirements in various contexts (Ford & Joseph, 2006). The tests must, therefore, make sure that are designed in such an approach that will assess the ability of all learners. Qsn 11 From the interpretations of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence tests, men are indicated to have a higher IQ than women (Deary, Spinath & Bates, 2006; Silverman, et al., 2010). In my opinion, I believe that this opinion is in reality fallacious as women have acted far much better than men in a lot of contexts. A notable example is women who have succeeded in fields that were known to be of the men. Women engineers have succeeded in these fields despite their intelligence being rated low. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence tests are in this context erroneous and cannot be relied on as way of assessing individual intelligence. Qsn 12 Intelligence tests are not at all times advantageous in court cases. As seen in the research conducted by Silverman, et al (2010) the intelligent tests may not always give the right information on an individual. Since the intelligent tests are biased in terms of culture and racial affiliation and even linguistic ability, they need not always be used to give justifications to cases. The ability of a person may be way beyond what the tests give as the truth. It is, as a result, recommended for the court cases not to have references to intelligent tests as points of reference. References Bassi1, J., Lau, F. & Lesperance, M. (2012).Perceived Impact of Electronic Medical Records in Physician Office Practices: A Review of Survey-Based Research. Interact J Med Res, 1(2):e3. doi:10.2196/ijmr.2113. Deary, I., Spinath, F. & Bates, T. (2006). Genetics of intelligence. European Journal of Human Genetics, 14, 690–700. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201588. Dufresne, S., Bellanger, S. Bouhours-Nouet, N., Akhdar, M., Py, I., Gatelais, F. & Coutant, R. (2006). Group therapy versus individual follow-up in the management of the obese child. Arch. Pediatric, 13 (1) S62-6. Ford, D. Y. & Joseph, L. M. (2006). Non-discriminatory assessment: Considerations for gifted education. Gifted Child Quarterly, 50(1), 41–51. Ingrid, W. (2000). The Value of a Psychodynamic Approach in the Managed Care Setting. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 54 (2). Markowitz, J.C. & Weissman, M. (2003). The future of psychotherapies for mood disorders. World Psychiatry, 2, 9-13. Markowitz, J.C. & Weissman, M. (2004). Interpersonal psychotherapy: principles and applications. World Psychiatry, 3(3), 136–139. Pomerantz, A. M., & Handelsman, M. M. (2004). Informed consent revisited: An updated written question format. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(2), 201-205. Shedler, J. (2010). The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 65(2), 98 –109 DOI: 10.1037/a0018378 Silverman, W., Miezejeski, C., Ryan, R. Zigman, W.,  Krinsky-McHale, S. & Urv, T. (2010). Stanford-Binet & WAIS IQ Differences and Their Implications for Adults with Intellectual Disability (aka Mental Retardation). Intelligence, 38(2): 242–248.doi:  10.1016/j.intell.2009.12.005. Smith-Tyler, J. (2007). Informed Consent, Confidentiality, and Subject Rights in Clinical Trials. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 4 (2), 189-193. Weiner, J. (2001). Confidentiality and paradox: The location of ethical space. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 46(3), 431-442. Read More