Analysis of Article about Women Psychology - Admission/Application Essay Example

Psychology al Affiliation card Shields, A. S. (1975). Functionalism, Darwinism and the Psychology of Women: A study in social myth. American Psychologist. Women’s issues are ignored as psychology in the 19th to part of 20th century focuse on male gender with occasional search on adult psychology. Adult psychology generalizes both women and men in the study. However, evolutionary theory creates the need to comprehend sex differences in sensory, motor and intellectual abilities between men and women. Determination of these differences is based on biological reasons that indicate the innate differences between males and females. The female psychology centers on; structural differences of male and female brains, male variability in relation to social and educational issues and the meaning of maternal instinct to female psychology. Female brains are smaller than male brains thus an indication of intellectual disparity. However, inferior intelligence of women is compensated for by superiority in instinct and perceptual ability. Variability hypothesis indicates that women are moist and cool thus, warm and more receptive than their male counterparts. In addition, female education should be structured in a way to nurture their societal roles for motherhood and family care. Maternal instincts of females are identified in a woman’s ability to be passionate, patient and in chastity. Women thus spend much of their energies in preparation for pregnancy and lactation. This reduces their intellectual development. In conclusion, sex differences in males and females are still an open question in the contemporary society. However, women are just as intelligent as their male counterparts and can equally contribute to societal development despite their primary social roles. As such, brain differences and maternal instincts should not form the basis of secluding women from positions requiring intellectual abilities. Notecard 2 Townsend et al. (2010). I’m no Jezebel; I am Young, Gifted and Black: Identity, Sexuality and Black Girls. Psychology of women Quarterly, Vol 34, pages 273-285. Color discrimination is an issue hindering development of black race in the United States. This creates concern as statistics show stereotyping of black females thus rendering them socially unfit. Their color and body structure proves that they are not beautiful and sexually attractive. As a result, most black girls are sexually assaulted and suffer from sexually transmitted diseases. Moreover, the media facilitates stereotyping of black society through use of light skinned women in friendly advertisements and associating black women to misfortune. This makes them struggle for survival through their adolescent age, education and sexuality. African American girls struggle to identify themselves early enough in life to avoid engagement in risky behaviors during their adolescence. This helps them acknowledge their ethnicity and body ideal differences with other ethnic groups in America. As such, black girls are able to accept themselves and progress in societal development. To overcome the gender stereotyping of the black society; black women embrace education as a means of ensuring acceptance in the society. Their improved performances through education give them opportunity to acquire chances in the corporate world and be role models to each other. This is shown by Oprah Winfrey and Mitchell Obama who show benefits of the black girl struggle to survive in an ethnic sensitive society. Positive academic self-concept and strong ethnic identity improves attitudes on black sexuality. This minimizes sexual abuse of black women and improves their confidence. Though different in color; black women also require similar opportunities in the American society. Their struggle for identification dates way back from years of slavery where people see black women as sex objects. It is thus in order for the American society to award black women the honor they have rightfully worked to achieve. This is through fighting for their rights and preventing media stereotyping of their physical appearances. Notecard 3 LoBue, V & DeLoache, S. J (2011). Pretty in Pink: The Early Development of gender- stereotyped color preferences. British Journal of Development Psychology, Vol 29 pages 656-667. Gender stereotype in man is mostly expressed by different color choices by both females and males. This begins from the beliefs of parents that pink color relates to girls, while blue is for boys. As such, media houses and new mothers mostly portray their girls in pink cloths, toys and lunchboxes. Boys on the other hand dress in blue while they develop an attitude towards pink colors. However, when exactly does gender stereotyped color preference begin in children? Studies perform experiments to demonstrate the possibility of gender stereotyping beginning from childhood or being imposed by guardians. First, children below the age of two show no preference for colors such as pink, however; preschool children indicate likeness for primary colors such as blue and red. Color preference in children begins at the age of 2.5 years where girls incline towards pink. This indicates that infants begin to understand and talk about gender between ages two to three. Eventually, children bias their preferences for toys and clothes based on colors as they are able to identify their own genders. However, through their development from childhood, children become aware that girls and boys are able to perform similar chores. This reduces gender stereotyped color preferences making children flexible to make their own choices. As such, not every adult female and male might have preference for pink and blue colors respectively. In conclusion, as far as the society identifies girls with pink colors, it is not clear that they prefer it from childhood. It seems to be an imposition by media and traditional beliefs that pink defines feminism and blue masculinity. Therefore, gender-stereotyped color preference is the making of the society but not choice by both genders. This is because; there are girls who prefer blue, which is mainly associated with boys while some boys prefer purple, which is related to girls. Notecard 4 Malveaux, J. (2013). Still Slipping: African American Women in the Economy and in Society. Rev Black Polit Econ. Vol 40 pages 13-21. My choice to focus on the article; I’m no Jezebel; I am young, gifted and black: Identity, sexuality and black girls, is based on the discrimination black girls face years after the ban of slavery. In a society where government promotes equal rights to all citizens; black girls are still sexually assaulted and their ethnicity considered socially inferior. The struggle to survive in a racially sensitive society emerges even when the world accepts to embrace gender equality. This shows an underdeveloped race and the world needs to champion for its rights. This article is from the University database, under the search tool; discover. To settle on the article, I scanned four writings about the struggle of black women and their contribution to economy. No article however shows a comprehensive study about efforts of black women and their current status in the society. As a result I searched for African American Women where, this article appears first in the list. It fulfills my wish to understand the progress of black women from 1986 to date. The article by Julianne Malveaux indicates disparities of black women in relation to other races in United States. Though the country struggles to attain racial equality, disparity still exists in terms of income distributions. Years after holding a conference on the status of black women in 1986, there is no much progress in the black society. Black women are still slipping through the cracks despite the emergence of black role models in communication networks, corporate world as well as the entertainment industry. The disparities of black women show in education and employment where despite gaining college degrees, most of them hold low paying jobs. They are most likely to work in government institutions and attend public schools. This relates to their low levels of income thus inadequate financial abilities to afford high standard education for their children. Inadequate household insurance makes them susceptible to long durations suffering from illnesses due to ineffective Medicare. This minimizes their ability to engage in economically productive activities. Frustration of affirmative action’s aiming at promoting development of black society is also a major contributor to their slip. In conclusion, there is need to embrace the development of black society’ especially women. This is because in the current age, black women occupy commendable positions in media and political world. As a result, they are examples of the capability of black women. Thus media needs to be a leading source in championing for the rights of black women. Read More