The Prenatal Development - Assignment Example

The Prenatal Development The Freud theory states that any type of psychic energy that an individual might claim comes directly from the Libido. Erickson's theory, on the other hand, states that people develop in stages and thus observes the whole lifespan and how it is affected by social experiences. Skinner in his theory states that radical behaviorism seeks to understand the behavioral characteristics of certain people. Albert Bandura was also influential in this field of learning from his theory, commonly known as the Bandura's theory through which he stated that people acquire skills by observing what others do. Piaget’s theory aims at understanding the nature and the developments that humans have in terms of cognitive ability. Lawrence Kohlberg had a theory through which it displayed stages of moral development and the characteristics of each stage. The holistic theory biosocial improvement seeks to establish the link between culture and history in terms of psychology. Paul Baltes and his theory of aging have it that lifespan can be defined through cognitive and biological changes. Maslow's hierarchy of needs identifies the various human needs and their importance to the survival of humankind (Kail 69). The Biopsychosocial approach is generally a rounded up model through which scientists developed in an effort to understand human development in the best way possible. It puts into place biological factors and psychological effects of human beings such as thoughts and emotions. In the model, biological factors play an important role in determining the health of a person. Combining the two factors offers a clear view on the development of a human being and the aspects that may hinder or boost growth. Teratogens are substances that commonly lead to defects or abnormal growth to a fetus. Teratogens can get to the fetus through various means but the most common one is through the mother. The mother of the unborn child might get exposed to certain elements such as radiation which subsequently get to the fetus' system. These teratogens may have the effect of having the unborn child come out with a deformity such as a paralysis. Teratogens also have the effect of withholding their effects on the human body until later on in life. In this case, the fetus is born without any complications and starts living a healthy life. However, upon contact with the teratogen causative agent, the person gets a greater impact, may develop chronic diseases and the general effect is worse than that of a person who was healthy from the fetal stages (Kail 97). In the designing of a program for parents, one has to put various issues in mind in order to ensure the safety of the child. However, two major factors have to take priority. One of the issues is with regard to hygiene. Health is actually the major issue that a potential parent should observe. Hygiene takes priority because, without a healthy setting, there are risks that the child is exposed to and the key one is diseased. These diseases work to weaken the functioning of these children' bodies and consequently lead to unhealthy individuals. Another issue that should be included in the program is the issue of education. In the 21st century, it is important to have kids pay special attention to education. This is important because, with the right quality of education, they learn how to survive alone and generally mature fast. Potential parents should have a well planned out scheme through which the children will follow and have the quality education. In addition, they should have a positive attitude towards education and realize that by offering the children an education they expose them to a healthy future as they also learn about nutrition and may assist others in future. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is conditions that people exposed to a devastating event that brings along psychological trauma bear (Kail 186). The condition is often coupled with stress and the person might become a danger not only to himself but also to the various people around him. In the case presented, Jim decided to help in the rescue efforts of the September 11, 2001, bomb attack. Given the fact that Jim was 25yrs old at the time of the incident, he had not served in the line of work for long and thus did not have a lot of experience. Experience is a vital aspect in an occupation such as firefighting. Having no much experience from his young age, Jim was bound to have tension despite his willingness to save lives. This tension played a major role in his acquiring the condition. The profession in itself provides a basis for increased tension and emotional breakdown as one may find dead and critically injured people at the place of rescue and consequently develop the condition. The fact that he chose to save lives in itself is a compassionate move and has given him the strength to keep on working up to where he is today. Jim's profession is that of a teacher and the fact that he bears the condition is very risky as associating with students can appear very stressful at times and he might just overreact and harm the children. The fact that he has marriage plans proves to show that the condition did not eliminate his compassionate nature and thus the importance of understanding that people with the condition do not lose their virtues. In terms of health, Job is a risk to himself as he might get to the depression stages of the condition and pose a risk to himself. However, with the necessary support, he is bound to have a healthy future. Skinner’s theory was influential here as it helped one understand the condition that Jim had given his behavior. Maslow's hierarchy theory was also important in the study of this case as it assisted in understanding the reason as to why Jim still went on to look for other careers to follow after the incident. This is the fact that human beings have needs and to fulfill them there should be a stable source of income. Erickson's theory also comes in handy as it discusses how social experiences affect stages of development that people go through. The prenatal development class is the one that I found most appealing. This is because learning about the fetus' and babies is very important to understand the struggles that women go through for greater appreciation. Moreover, this subject will assist in case of an emergency as one learns how to take care of women throughout all the nine months of pregnancy. Looking at this from the viewpoint of a leader, prenatal development is important as a family member one has authority over other members and can instruct them on what to do when dealing with pregnancy. Work Cited Kail, Robert. Human Development: A Life-Span View. New York: McGraw Hill Publishers. 2012. Print. Read More