Models of Pesonality outline - Assignment Example

Cloningers Unified Biosocial Theory of Personality Outline I. Introduction Cloningers’ theory entailed three personality characteristics where he argued that they immensely relied on environmental stimuli response in which an individual inhabits (Nakagawa & Sato, 2010). These were initial three developed personalities whose argument bases encompassed heritance and biological. He later developed a forth personality, whose model offered an acceptable description of heritable cognitive, perpetual and affective differences underlying temperamental diversities (Nakagawa & Sato, 2010). II. Four-Factor ModelPersistence/Happiness Seeking (P)It is a person’s determination coupled with tenacity personality meant to attain set targets or goals despite the threatening challenges, where its contrary yields to underachievement (Cloninger, 2007).

An individual possessing this personality depicts high level of resolution in facing frustrations or fatigue besides unwavering faith and industriousness. Harm Avoidance (A).The personality entails excessive anxiety, negativity, shyness besides individual experiencing incidents of fear and getting fatigued quickly (Kantojärvi et al, 2008). People possessing this trait normally develop behaviors resulting to reduced harm via shunning events that would expose them to harm. Its contrary characterizes people who are optimistic, ready to new ventures or experiences coupled with trusting and outgoing (Farmer & Seeley, 2009).

Novelty Seeking (E)It is a character growth, which keeps an individual happy and healthy throughout life (Kashdan & Hofmann, 2008). The personality may also entail responses pertaining to Excitement and exhilaration that signify potential reward or shunning of punishment. Reward Dependence/ Security-Seeking (I)It is a positive response to social accepted behaviors or that entail rewarding either verbally or through gifts (Ross & Rilling, 2012). People usually pursue the consistency of maintaining character trait, which the society normally approves and recognizes as ethical (Farmer & Seeley, 2009). III. Conclusion Cloninger theory regarding human personality mainly bases its argument on heritance and biological aspects, hence developing a Four-Factor Model.

Recent studies have argued the evidence of more aspects that have totaled to seven personalities. ReferencesCloninger, C. (2007). Spirituality and the Science of Feeling Good. Southern Medical Journal, 100(7), 740-743. Farmer, R. F., & Seeley, J. R. (2009). Temperament and character predictors of depressed mood over a 4-year interval. Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 26(4), 371-381. doi:10.1002/da.20459 Kantojärvi, L., Miettunen, J., Veijola, J., Läksy, K., Karvonen, J. T., Ekelund, J., & . Joukamaa, M. (2008). Temperament profiles in personality disorders among a young adult population.

Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry, 62(6), 423-430. doi:10.1080/08039480801959224Kashdan, T., & Hofmann, S. (2008). The high-novelty-seeking, impulsive subtype of generalized social anxiety disorder. Depression And Anxiety, 25(6), 535-541.Nakagawa, A., & Sato, S. (2010). The Relationship between Cloningers Four Dimensions of Temperament and Self-oriented Perfectionism. Japanese Journal Of Personality, 19(1), 38-45.Ross, A. P. & Rilling, J. K. (2012). Reward Dependence: Personality and Neurological Correlates of Social Behavior.

Program in Anthropology and Human Biology. 1-34.