Universal Ethics - Book Report/Review Example

In this case, people would judge different situations differently. The truth about these two thoughts is the dilemma that has not been fully resolved. Opinion Human beings when presented by a situation use their common sense in the best way possible to find a solution. The solution would be determined by that circumstance and thus fall into two categories. First, if the circumstance is bad, human beings would take actions that reduce the bad effects of that situation (Gazzaniga 14). Reducing such bad effects might also involve use of another bad action, but at the end avoid a worst case scenario.

For example, if a building is on fire and the Municipal Fire engines are no punctual to respond, a rational person would consider spoiling the nearby water supply system to put out the fire off and save lives and property in the building. This would deny people water for their domestic use for some time until the repairs are done. However, the intentional destruction of the pipe was necessary. Secondly, in a good circumstance, human beings act to increase the benefits that would arise out of that good circumstance (Gazzaniga 20).

For example, when a company is selling its shares to the public for the first time, shareholders would seek to maximize the benefits they would get by buying as much shares as they can. The first person buys a large number of shares than the last until the offer is closed. The last person might be annoyed because he or she did not buy the shares as expected. The first person cannot, therefore, be blamed because it is normal for any person to seek as much benefits as possible from a good situation.

Change of Opinion after Reading The fact that some moral rules evolve is an interesting factor, for example, if a person is in pain, at first the brain perceives the situation by putting itself into that situation of pain. This “fake” situation that the brain creates forms the basis for a person to act and help. The brain thus is able to read the mind of the person in pain and come out with the moral rule that should be applied. This moral rule is built in the human brain and thus it is retrieved.

This is what makes most people assist others despite their economic situations (Gazzaniga 21). As a person assists those in pain a repeated number of times, it becomes a norm to assist anyone in a painful situation without having to take a lot of time deciding whether to help or not. This is said to be an evolved moral rule that exists in society. Neuroscience Research Researchers have suggested that at times a person acts out of emotion and morals whenever presented by a bad situation. For example, when a person is driving in a new car along a highway and finds an injured person who needed urgent help, moral rules and emotions come into play.

This is because the person driver forgets that the car will be spilled off with blood by the injured person. The car owner, in this case, exercises the moral rule by valuing human life and offering the injured person assistance. It is the emotions that drive the owner of the car to stop and assist. He or she visualizes the situation from own mind such that he or she is hurt by the pain the injured person is undergoing. In addition, everybody expectation is that the car owner has to assist. Failure to assist would reveal him or her as lacking the moral rules (Gazzaniga, 24).

In other cases, the moral rule is largely applied than emotions in order for a person to