The Impact of Relational Diversity - Research Paper Example

?Impact of Diversity Introduction: Diversity is one of the key aspects of management. It includes everyone. Individual, society, nation and their overall development. According to Anderson (2008), diversity can be explained as a component of core curriculum experience. In his view, diversity is an integral part of the community. Presence of diversity makes a community rich in culture, and values as well as in belief. Diversity can be defined as a campus based activity that encourage different involvement of the individual as well as groups. It also refers to different parameters associated with institutional engagement. (Anderson, 2008, pp.18-19). Article:1 The Impact of Relational Diversity and Socio-cultural Context of Interpersonal Communication: Nordic Subsidiaries in Japan This is an article written by Vesa and was published in Asian Business and Management. According to Peltokorpi (2006), there are various things which control an individual’s performance in the workplace. Among different factors, interpersonal communication is also an important factor. It has immense impact on psychological outcome as well as an individual’s performance in the workplace. According to his review, interpersonal communication can be defined as offering of any kind of information through the interpersonal channels. It involves different ways such as producing, transmitting and interpreting symbols, with the help of either direct or the indirect medium, through direct or indirect ways. (Peltokorpi ,2006, p.334). Diversity can be defined as “the presence of differences among members of a social unit is an umbrella term for the extent to which people are dissimilar with respect to individual-level characteristics. (Peltokorpi , 2006, p. 334). He in his review also mentioned about the fact that diversity is being examined based on several parameters like age, gender, and racio-ethnicity. Although some of these factors are interrelated but how they are going to influence the diversity is always dependent on the interpersonal communication. (Peltokorpi 2006, p. 335). The effect of age factor in the interpersonal communication is subjected to social cultural differences. But in some cases But sometimes, social cultural context develops a situation where the dissimilarities initiate communication. In his article he cited an example like in Asian culture generally people in the highest level of position are used to be older and more educated than their subordinates. Therefore, if by any chance subordinates are older than their supervisor, then they perceive a lower degree of support from their supervisors and in turn supervisors also gets a lower degree of loyalty from them. (Peltokorpi ,2006, pp.336-337). In his article he cited few hypotheses related to different factors related to diversity. The hypothesis are as follows: “Relative age diversity decreases the frequency of interpersonal communication”(Peltokorpi , 2006, p.337), “Relative gender diversity has a negative impact on interpersonal communication.”(Peltokorpi, 2006, p.338) “Relative racio-ethnic diversity has a negative impact on interpersonal communication”. ( Peltokorpi 2006, p.339). In all his hypothesis he discussed about how the diversity has its impact on an individual’s performance in the workplace. According to his review, interpersonal communication can be increased by creating more interdependent work processes and/or creating more balanced workplaces. Article: 2 Impact of Cultural Value System on the Personality Development of Ogoni Adolescents Nwoke (2012), in this article discusses the effect of the cultural value system on the personality development. Culture can be defined as a set of values, beliefs, attributes which are maintained by the people in a particular way to live their daily life. There are several ways by which culture as well as the value system dominates the personality of any individual and control their daily life. (Nwoke,2012, p.100). In Nigeria there are people from diversified cultural groups , mainly the ethnic group. According to his review, ethnic groups are rich in cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, various religions and language. All these factors represent the diversity. (Nwoke ,2012, p.101). In this article he discussed about the diversity in Ogoniland. Ogoni is an ethnic group in the Niger Delta region, in Nigeria, located in the southern part of Nigeria. The people of this part are very much affected by their culture in search of educational development over the years. The monopolistic nature of the middlemen isolated this small part from the others, as a result they were unable to influence or developed along with the time. According to his view, “The eclipse of Ogoni from the outside world continued unabated into the colonial period. Ogoni with her agricultural resources became the private preserve of her coastal neighbors. But the colonial agents and missionaries were not aware of the internal conditions of the Ogoni”( Nwoke ,2012, p. 102). All the characteristics of this place remain dominated by the old thought process, the main occupation was farming and fishing as there were a very less opportunity for them to get associated with others. (Nwoke , 2012, p.103). But this also helped the people of this place to develop a unique cultural value system which dominates their behavior. Culturally they were very rich, without the effect of the out cos they were able to hold on to their own cultural base. According to his analysis, there were strong cultural value rights among the people of the Ogoni and a detail An understanding of these cultural value systems and their impacts on the personality of the Ogoni is crucial in order to better serve this population in therapeutic or clinical settings (Nwoke, 2012, p.111). Article 3: Parental Personality as an Inner Resource That Moderates the Impact of Ecological Adversity on Parenting Kochanska et.al. (2007), in this article discussed about the effect of parent's personality and their culture on their role of parenting. In their review they have discussed about how the cultural diversity among the parents brought about different adversity which they faced while taking care about their child. According to their review, Parents’ personality and demographic risk which involved parent’s education level, age, family income, and family size, all were reviewed when the children were very young , and parents’ powerful statement, warmth, and constructively affect were noticed in naturalistic interactions 2.5 years later. Parents’ personality moderated the adverse impact of demographic risk on parenting. For parents who had memories of unstable and unhappy childhood experiences and who reported low conventionality, higher risk was linked to more power assertion, but there was no such link for those parents who recalled happy childhood experiences and who embraced conventions. For both parents who lacked a sense of optimism and social trust, and for fathers who reported low conventionality, higher risk was linked to less effectively positive parenting, but there was no such link for parents who were optimistic and trusting or for fathers who were conventional. Higher risk was linked to more power assertion, but only for mothers low in Extraversion and for fathers high in Neuroticism.(Kochanska et. al.2007, Abstract). This review gives a clear idea about how the parents’s cultural diversity affects a child’s development. Theories and Analysis In case of diversity there are several theories associated with the concept of diversity. One of such theory is the individual psychologyas proposed by Alfred Adler. Savage (2001), in his review discussed about the concept of individual psychology. According to his viw, “The human spirit is only too well accustomed to reduce everything that is in flux to a form, to consider it not as movement but as frozen movement--movement that has become form. While "form" is a useful concept for interpretation in a theoretical school of thought, it is not a useful concept for understanding within a philosophy rooted in experience.(Savage, 2001)” He also pointed out the fact that Adler’s concept affirms the person within a Christian understanding of human development, as it is useful in developing Christian understanding. Community Feeling refers to a feeling of belonging, of being accepted within a community.. Another theory associated with this concept is Sullivan’s interpersonal theory. On the basis of his theory Liu and Kuo(2007),mentioned in their review that good parent–child relationship positively correlates with good interpersonal relationships, which hypothesized to associated with unwanted social anxiety. They also mentioned that, “both parent–child and interpersonal relationships are hypothesized to negatively correlate with Internet addiction, whereas the level of social anxiety is hypothesized to positively correlate with Internet addiction (Liu and Kuo,2007, abstract)”. The analysis proves the fact that Sullivan’s interpersonal theory is applicable in case of parent-children relationship as the quality of their relation and interpersonal relationship with each other effect the social anxity level (Feist, Feist and Roberts, 2012). The interpersonal relationship is a key aspects of the study of diversity management among the mankind as it tends to varies among different society and different class of people. References Anderson, J. A. (2008), Driving Change Through Diversity and Globalization: Transformative Leadership in the Academy, Stylus Publishing. Feist, J., Feist, G., & Roberts, T. (213). Theories of Personality. (8ed., p.19). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Kochanska, G. et.al.(2007), Parental Personality as an Inner Resource That Moderates the Impact of Ecological Adversity on Parenting, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92 (1), 136-150. LiuY.C. & Kuo F.Y.(2007), A Study of Internet Addiction through the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory, CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(6), 799-804. Nwoke, M.B.(2012), Impact of Cultural Value System on the Personality Development of Ogoni Adolescents, Asian Social Science, 8(3), 100-110. Peltokorpi, V.(2006), The Impact of Relational Diversity and Socio-cultural Context on Interpersonal Communication: Nordic Subsidiaries in Japan, Asian Business and Management, 5.3, pp. 333-356 Savage A.(2001), Pastoral Theology/Practice and Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology , Quodlibet Journal, 3(3). Read More