The Role and Function of Intelligence in the Organisation - Coursework Example

Role and Function of Intelligence in The Organization Institution Name Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Defining intelligence 4 Police Management at Abu Dhabi Police GHQ 6 Role and function of intelligence at Abu Dhabi Police GHQ 6 Prioritising allocation of investigative resources 7 Assists in crime prevention 8 Assists in effective policing 10 Assisting predicting risks and threats 11 Assists in more informed police investigations 13 Conclusion 14 References 17 Introduction Of all the law enforcement agencies in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), the police force is considered as the most fundamental component of emirate administration. Often, when the intelligence support unit undertakes some kind of analysis, a distinction may not be made within the unit regarding the various ranges of intelligence outputs and the potential of these outputs to attain the goals of the agency (Clark, 2007). Due to this, the intelligence unit may offer limited support and responsiveness to the crime threats. What’s more, some studies have indicated that the intelligence units are often treated as mere support units without realising that they can proactively contribute to the effectiveness of the investigative functions (McGarrell et al. (2007). In truth, the police intelligence units function best in the organisation when they are made into formal a division or operations unit. Criminal intelligence consists of product of systematic collection, evaluation and synthesis of data on certain activities suspected of being criminal nature or persons suspected to be criminals (Coyne et al., 2014; Wills, 2007). Drawing on this description, it is perceivable that organisations with weak intelligence capability may tend to be inefficient in crime management. In the case of Abu Dhabi Police, intelligence is viewed as a support unit within the Criminal Investigations Department (CID) rather than, as an independent division (Lori, 2009). While this approach has been disproved by some researchers such as Dover and Goodman (2013), it has been beneficial to a considerable extent. For instance, Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) estimates that crime rates in Abu Dhabi are at the low-end of the spectrum (OSAC, 2014. Still, figures by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) dispute the estimates. According to UNODC, UAE has among the highest cases of homicides in the Gulf region, with 235 murders in 2012, representing 2.6 murders for each 100,000 (Croucher, 2014). Despite these astonishing figures, Abu Dhabi Police has been praised for instituting an effective criminal intelligence analysis in crime management. Accordingly, processing of actionable and consistent intelligence is the bedrock of successful or failed law enforcement. Taking on this assumption, this essay argues in order to serve the critical functions and roles of crime prevention and reduction, risk management, and policing within the law enforcement agency, intelligence has to be timely, consistent and actionable. Using Abu Dhabi Police GHG as a case study, this paper examines roles and functions of intelligence in the organization. Understanding the roles and functions of intelligence offers significant insight into how intelligence analytic processes can be fused seamlessly into law enforcement functions. Defining intelligence The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) describes intelligence as the interpretation of information to acquire meaning. Intelligence may however also refer to an agency that collates and uses synthesised information (UNODC, 2010). Within the context of the law enforcement, Joseph and Corkill (2011) points out that intelligence describes the information obtained, tapped and protected by the activities of the law enforcement agencies to act on and to support investigations. At its simplest form however, intelligence is a set of processes through which information is interpreted, analysed and synthesised or reduced to actionable forms. To this end, the general consensus seems to be that in any intelligence work, analysis is crucial. At any rate intelligence agencies are prompted to collect huge data since they know they have to make sense of it and to present the policymakers with their best judgments regarding the meaning and implications of the information (Vervaele, 2005). In this regards, they would be simply no point in collecting huge data that remains unevaluated and unanalyzed. Kopal’s (2008) view that intelligence is a product of crime analysis conforms to this perspective. The researcher suggested that crime analysis is a combination of logical, analytical processes targeted at providing relevant information in a timely manner, or what he refers as intelligence. Kopal (2008) further explained that criminal intelligence analysis is concerned with criminality and criminals and that criminal intelligence analysis should be viewed as an activity concerned with data collection. According to Adediran (2011), the objective of criminal intelligence analysis is to generate conclusions and provide recommendations for actions. Kopal’s (2008) lengthy yet comprehensive description offers insight into how intelligence is generated within the police force. Indeed, on comparing Kopal (2003) and Adediran’s (2011) descriptions, it is clear that the former points to the direction that intelligence is aimed at fulfilling the law enforcement objectives. Kopal’s Description fits within the context of intelligence and intelligence analysis at Abu-Dhabi Police GHQ. Despite the divergence in description of intelligence, a common theme is that intelligence is a unique form of information with added value accrued from an analytical process. Police Management at Abu Dhabi Police GHQ Police management is made up of police agency executives, intelligence unit supervisor, and operational managers. It is an important force in ensuring the efficiency of the criminal intelligence function (Crous, 2007). According to Hengst and Mors (2010), police management is responsible for establishing an environment conducive for optimal effectiveness of the intelligence function. In modern law enforcement agencies, the intelligence function has to be made official with the view of enabling it to appear as a legitimate function within the agency. In this way, the intelligence function has a clear directive for unrestricted collection and processing of raw data through the use of the organisational resources. In the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), each emirate takes charge of its own law enforcement and intelligence work. Additionally, the police forces in each take responsibility for issues of security within their borders, despite routine sharing of intelligence on matters of national security (Abu Dhabi Police, 2014). In the case of Abu Dhabi Emirate, Abu Dhabi Police is the primary law enforcement agency. Abu Dhabi Police takes charge of enforcing criminal law to ensure public safety (Lori, 2009). Through the Criminal Investigations Department (CID), Abu Dhabi Police deals with issues of criminal intelligence and crime analysis. Role and function of intelligence at Abu Dhabi Police GHQ According to Crous (2007), the objective of intelligence function is to increase awareness and understanding of specific problems under review. The objective is to ensure that logical decisions are made (Gul and Kule, 2010). Abu Dhabi Police GHQ conforms to this perspective. In theory therefore, the intelligence process does not differ from the applied research, which seeks to define the problem, acquire data, evaluate data, collect data and organise data and relay it to the right agency or individual. Intelligence serves ranges of functions and roles at Abu Dhabi Police GHQ (Abu Dhabi Police, 2014). Prioritising allocation of investigative resources Intelligence assists Abu Dhabi Police GHQ to manage the agency’s limited resources with the view of curtailing criminal activities. This role is adequately supported by research literature. In a document analysis to re-evaluate the significance of criminal intelligence analysis in combating terrorism, Kopal (2008) concluded that criminal intelligence analysis helps the law enforcement agencies to make decisions concerning which criminal problems should be allocated the agency’s limited resources. Similar findings were established by Rose and Nestorovska (2005) from a related study. In the case of Abu-Dhani Police, the role of intelligence in helping the force to prioritise resources and come up with efficient enforcement strategies is deeply recognised. For instance, rather than just use the information for purposes of managing crime as it happens, the force applies intelligence in determining which investigative resources should be allocated more resources (Herbert, 2006). The Criminal Investigations Department and the Operations Department may be allocated more emergency response vehicles and technologies compated to the Department of Government and Diplomatic Premises Protection during emergency situations and security crisis in respond. The function of intelligence in enabling agencies to prioritise resources has been investigated by Kopal (2008). In his review of the significance of intelligence in counter-terrorism, the researcher opined that an active-goal oriented intelligence analysis should be considered an integral part and parcel of everyday analysis in order to uphold the value of the analytical products and to promote how priorities should be set (Kopal, 2008). This view is corroborated by Kumar (2012), when he argued that the police force face a critical problem in allocating sufficient resources in order to promote critical strategic intelligence programs without the risk of interference from other operations. Both Kopal (2008) and Kumar (2012) concluded that integrating intelligence with the operations offers the solution to allocating investigative resources. However, the fight against crime activities at Abu Dhabi Police calls for a current model of intelligence analysis. Initially, it used to be passive and tactically-oriented in practice before it developed to integrate goal-oriented, active intelligence gathering, and interdisciplinary model, which improved the processes of prioritising investigative resources (Hudson, 2010). Assists in crime prevention Intelligence assists in crime prevention and reduction. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) acknowledges the role of intelligence within the police force as essential for investigating, preventing, and ultimately reducing organised criminal activities, specifically when such activities are by nature transnational. UNODC (2006) however emphasises that the intelligence has to be both timely and actionable. As argued by Kahn (2006), the concept of timely and actionable are not necessarily the prerequisites for considering information as intelligence. Marrin (2006) explained that the critical function of intelligence in crime prevention and reduction in police work can only be effective when the intelligence is timely and actionable. This perspective is drawn from UN’s description of ‘timely’ as the act of providing the intelligence at an appropriate time and ‘actionable’ as making sure that the content and consistency of the intelligence supports the decision to take an action. In regards to the Abu Dhabi Police, greater fusion of intelligence into crime prevention strategies has been a critical step towards strengthening the force's crime analytic processes. Indeed, a key development that has sprung up has been the police force's research work to promote analysis and assessment of crime (Abu Dhabi Police, 2014). Abu Dhabi Police evaluates and analyses crime problems based on in order to design crime response in a manners that reduces the likely convergence of targets or motivated offenders. McGarrell et al. (2007) argues in favour of the strategies used by Abu Dhabi in crime prevention. As states by McGarrell et al. (2007), crime problems should evaluated and analysed based on the idea that the kind of interventions have to be designed in a manners that reduces the likely convergence of targets or motivated offenders. Hence, with the right intelligence, a problem-solving model that is made up of response and evaluation can be designed to prevent crime or reduce its likely effects. UNODC (2006) concurs with the McGarrell et al. (2007) depiction of the role of intelligence as assisting in prioritising of resources to prevent and reduce crime. UN however added the idea of directing and prioritising of resources to detect -- rather than just prevent and reduce all form of crime – by identifying and evaluating the modus operandi, trends and criminals at the national and international level. Assists in effective policing Intelligence forms the foundation stone for creating effective policing model. According to the UNODC (2010) intelligence is the basis for effective policing model, where intelligence provides strategic direction, and where it guides in the processes of deploying the staff to the policing activities, such as routine patrols. Bell and Congram (2013) describes this process as intelligence-led policing. Cope (2006) explored the integration of volume crime intelligence into policing to outline the significance of intelligence in policing. The researcher focused on participant observation over a two-month period, where 16 intelligence analysts and nine research and field officers were surveyed. Cope (2006) found that intelligence plays a crucial role in improving operational policing by improving the quality of information and clarification of the degree in which intelligence should provide to the police management. In the case of Abu Dhabi Police GHQ, intelligence-led policing relies on intelligence as guide to the operations. This implies that intelligence sources are collated from offenders, covert surveillance, informants or document analysis of police records, which are afterwards analysed. Afterwards, decisions regarding objective policing tactics, preventive operations and additional intelligence collection operations are made with enhanced precision. Accordingly, Fuentes (2006) would view Abu Dhabi Police’s intelligence-led policing as a function of intelligence. In a survey of intelligence-led policing at the New Jersey State Police, Fuentes (2006) concluded that the efficiency of intelligence-led policing is dependent on the quality of intelligence provided. According to James (2013), intelligence-led policy is a management philosophy that supports allocating organisational resources by providing viable data that gives an overview over the environment the organisation operates. Cope (2006) established that effective policing relies on intelligence to target, prioritise, and focus interventions. Despite this, some researchers have presented contradictory views (Wills, 2007; Gill and Phythian, 2013). According to Gill and Phythian (2013), the police may generate volumes of intelligence that may only be useful and actionable once it is interpreted, evaluated and any probable patterns and links investigated. In their view, rather than argue that intelligence helps in focusing interventions, it is actually the translational role of police in interpreting the raw data into actionable and viable information that counts. This implies that the effectiveness of intelligence in policing depends on how effectively it is interpreted. Abu-Dhabi police force has been on the frontline in adapting the intelligence-led policing. The model helps decision-makers seeking intelligence to make information-based decisions in regard to crime control strategies (Wills, 2007). In the case of Abu Dhabi Police experience, adopting the intelligence-led model arose not strictly due to concerns with terrorism. Rather, it built on the developments in law enforcement that emerged globally over the last two decades, namely problem-solving policing, community policing and. Assisting predicting risks and threats Since intelligence is by nature predictive, it serves to forecast risk and threats. Indeed, after careful analysis and application of computers to ensure intelligence assessments, Abu-Dhabi Police force benefits from a fundamental tool it effectively uses to identify potential terrorists activities or targets in Abu-Dhabi. It is this functional ability of intelligence to predict future operational terrorists’ activities and the tactical targets that may prove to be more advantageous for the terrorists that places the Abu-Dhabi Police in better defensive and offensive position to effectively anticipate and prevent the attacks. According to Lefebvre (2004), intelligence plays a key function in providing data for predicting events. In his review of literature to explore the failures in intelligence analysis that might have led to the attack on United States in 11 September 2001 (9=11), Lefebvre (2004) argued that the predictive role of intelligence could have foreseen the terror attack. While this role may be argued to fit within the larger role of crime prevention, Lefebvre’s (2004) argument leads to the conclusion that by making the predictive role independent, it may lead to prediction of both favourable and unfavourable events, including crime detection, prevention, and planned response. Lefebvre (2004) pointed out that intelligence provides the law enforcement agencies with synthesised data they can use to gain insights, make predictions, determine information gaps or understand a complex combination of relationships and facts. Without a doubt therefore, intelligence is predictive in nature, and often follow the pattern of describing what is known, determines the relationships through which the judgments should be based and most importantly, provides a forecast. According to Hughbank and Githens (2010), forecasting is important if the intelligence is to be used by the policy consumers since the nature of police work requires the capacity to predict future events. Marrin (2012a) reasoned that intelligence analysis requires assessing the information that describe an event or situation before predicting its future development. Gill and Phythian (2013) presented a more elaborate insight into the function of intelligence in predicting events compared to that of Lefebvre (2004). In a related document review, Marrin (2012b) arrived at the conclusion that intelligence is vital to any law enforcement agency’s capacity to combat criminal activities and groups due to its capacity to forecast events. Hekim (2013) mentioned that with the right tasking, intelligence can help in handling current and anticipated problems, by enabling the law enforcement agencies to develop pro-active response to crime and crime-related events. In view of these perspectives, it is easy to conclude that intelligence enables the police to identify and gain insight into the criminal groups that operate in their jurisdictions (Moore, 2010). Once the criminals and their activities have been identified, and their habits and patterns of behaviour understood, the law enforcement agencies may initiate assessment of the current trends in crime with the view of forecasting and curtailing the development of future criminal activities. Hughbank and Githens (2010) define the role of intelligence in making strategic decisions as predictive. The researchers conducted document analysis to explore the role of intelligence in protecting against terrorism and concluded that intelligence can be divided into strategic intelligence tactical intelligence, both of which rely on the function of intelligence to predict events (Hughbank & Githens, 2010). Assists in more informed police investigations Intelligence provides data needed to carry out informed police investigations. The role of intelligence in providing essential information for police investigation was acknowledged by Pivljakovic and Podbregar (2009) in their review of intelligence activities in police work. The researchers explored how the Slovenian police carry out intelligence work and concluded that the role of the police in carrying out investigations was connected to gathering, interpreting and acting on intelligence. The role has also been pointed to by Mingardi (2007) in his review of intelligence as the solution to winning war against organized crime. Mingardi (2007) concluded that intelligence is a requisite to investigation of a crime. In this regard, the role of intelligence however differs depending on the context within which it is used. According to Pivljakovic and Podbregar (2009), while the police discovers, investigate and prevent, the intelligence unit collate, document and analyse data. From this statement, it is reasoned that the role of intelligence in helping investigation is inherent in the police force. In the case of Abu Dhabi Police, intelligence provides the investigators at the Criminal Investigations Department with critical knowledge they can use to centre investigations on certain targets, such as in pursuing terrorists and the potential harm they may pose to the public (Abu Dhabi Police, 2014). The information gathered may further be used to approach future terrorism activities (Rose & Nestorovska, 2005). According to Gill and Phythian (2013), intelligence is useful in crime investigation since it determines the level of problems. Conclusion In order to serve the critical functions and roles of crime prevention and reduction, risk management, and policing within the law enforcement agency, intelligence has to be timely, consistent and actionable. This is since actionable and consistent intelligence is the bedrock of successful or failed law enforcement. Intelligence refers to the process of manipulating and interpreting the data by use of intellectual skills and prearranged methodology with the view of extracting meaning, and hence generating a produce that enhances how crime and criminality should be viewed. Critically, analysis is the key element that converts information into intelligence. Through analysis, intelligence is organised and interpreted into a format that improves its value and the potential for its effectiveness in combating crime. Analysis therefore provides a means to identify and predict patterns of crime and the areas that require action or response. Using Abu Dhabi Police GHG as a case study, the roles and functions of intelligence can be categorised into crime prevention and reduction, risk management, informed investigations and effective policing. First, intelligence assists Abu Dhabi Police GHQ to manage the agency’s limited resources with the view of curtailing criminal activities. Additionally the criminal intelligence analysis helps the law enforcement agencies to make decisions concerning which criminal problems should be allocated the agency’s limited resources. Second, intelligence is essential for investigating, preventing, and ultimately reducing organised criminal activities, specifically when such activities are by nature transnational. Third, intelligence also forms the foundation stone for creating effective policing model. Here, intelligence is viewed as the basis for effective policing model, where intelligence provides strategic direction, and where it guides in the processes of deploying the staff to the policing activities, such as routine patrols. This process is described as intelligence-led policing. Next, since intelligence is by nature predictive, it serves to forecast risk and threats. In this way, intelligence often follow the pattern of describing what is known, determines the relationships through which the judgments should be based and most importantly, provides a forecast or the possible threats to security and safety, such as terrorism. Intelligence also provides the data needed to carry out informed police investigations. References Abu Dhabi Police GHG. (2014). Abu Dhabi Police GHG About Us. Retrieved: Adediran, I. (2011). Intelligence Information and Policing In Nigeria: Issues and Way Forward. The Journal of International Social Research 4(17), 474-485 Bell, P. & Congram, M. (2013). Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) as A Strategic Planning Resource in the Fight against Transnational Organized Crime (TOC). International Journal of Business and Commerce 2(12), 15-28 Clark, J. R. (2007). Intelligence and National Security: A Reference Handbook. Westport: Praeger Security International Cope, N. (2006). Intelligence Led Policing or Policing Led Intelligence? Brit Journal Criminology 44(1), 188-203 Coyne, J., Neal, J. & Bell, P. (2014). Reframing Intelligence: Challenging The Cold War Intelligence Doctrine in the Information Age. International Journal of Business and Commerce 3(5). 53-68 Croucher, M. (2014). UAE authorities dispute UN statistics that UAE has highest murder rate in GCC. The National. Retrieved: Crous, C. (2007). Human Intelligence Sources: Challenges in Policy Development. Security Challenges 5(3), 117-127 Dover, R. & Goodman, M. (2013). Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies. New York: Routledge Fuentes, J. (2006). Practical Guide to Intelligence-Led Policing. Manhattan: Centre of Policing and Terrorism Gill, P., & Phythian, M. (2013). Intelligence in an insecure world. Cambridge: John Wiley & Sons Gul, Z. & Kule, A. (2010). Intelligence - Led Policing: How The Use Of Crime Intelligence Analysis Translates In To The Decision-Making. International Journal of Security and Terrorism 4 (1), 1-15 Hekim, H. (2013). Police Use Of Information Technologies In Criminal Investigations. European Scientific Journal 9(4), 221-240 Hengst, M. & Mors, J. (2010). Community of Intelligence: The Secret Behind Intelligence-Led Policing. Retrieved: Herbert, M. (2006). The Intelligence Analyst as Epistemologist. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 19, 666-684 Hudson, W. (2010). The Ethical Spy: Towards Intelligence Community Rules of Professional Conduct. The Georgetown Law Journal 98(1), 1415-1439 Hughbank, R. and Githens, D. (2010). Intelligence and Its Role in Protecting Against Terrorism. Journal of Strategic Security 3(1), 31-38 James, A. (2013). Examining Intelligence-Led Policing: Developments in Research, Policy and Practice. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Joseph, J. & Corkill, J. (2011). Information evaluation: how one group of intelligence analysts go about the task. Originally published in the Proceedings of the 4th Australian Security and Intelligence Conference, Edith Cowan University, Perth Western Australia, 5th -7th December, 2011 Kopal, R. (2008). The Role of the Criminal Intelligence Analysis in anti-terrorism. Retrieved: Kumar, B. (2012). Role of Information and Communication Technology In Indian Police. Gian Jyoti E-Journal 1(2), 1-12 McGarrell, F., Freilich, J. & Chermak, S. (2007). Intelligence-Led Policing As a Framework for Responding to Terrorism. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23(2), 142-158 Mingardi. G. (2007). The role of Intelligence work in the control of Organized Crime. Estudos Avançados 21 (61), 51-69 Kahn, D. (2006). “The Rise of Intelligence.” Foreign Affairs 85(5), 125 Lori, N. (2009). National Security and the Management of Migrant Labor: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 20(3), 315-325 Marrin, S. (2006). Intelligence Analysis: Turning a Craft into a Profession. Arlington: University of Virginia. Retrieved: Marrin, S. (2012a). Improving Intelligence Analysis: Bridging the Gap between Scholarship and Practice. New York: Routledge Marrin, S. (2012b). Intelligence and Counterintelligence. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 25(3), 529-545 Moore, D. (2010). Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis. New York: DIANE Publishing Lefebvre, S. (2004). A Look at Intelligence Analysis. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 17, 231–264 Overseas Security Advisory Council- OSAC (2014). United Arab Emirates 2014 Crime and Safety Report: Abu Dhabi. Retrieved: Pivljakovič, B. & Podbregar, I. (2009). The Use of Intelligence Activity by the Police Force. Retrieved: Rose, G. & Nestorovska, D. (2005). Terrorism and national security intelligence laws: assessing Australian reforms. Journal of the Law Association for Asia and the Pacific, 127-155 UNODC (2006). Police Information and Intelligence Systems Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit. United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime. Retrieved: UNODC.(2010). Criminal Intelligence: Manual for Front-line Law Enforcement. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Vervaele, J. (2005). Terrorism and information sharing between the intelligence and law enforcement communities in the US and the Netherlands: emergency criminal law? Utrecht Law Review 1(1), 1-27 Wills, A. (2007). Understanding Intelligence Oversight. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) Read More

Defining intelligence The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) describes intelligence as the interpretation of information to acquire meaning. Intelligence may however also refer to an agency that collates and uses synthesised information (UNODC, 2010). Within the context of the law enforcement, Joseph and Corkill (2011) points out that intelligence describes the information obtained, tapped and protected by the activities of the law enforcement agencies to act on and to support investigations.

At its simplest form however, intelligence is a set of processes through which information is interpreted, analysed and synthesised or reduced to actionable forms. To this end, the general consensus seems to be that in any intelligence work, analysis is crucial. At any rate intelligence agencies are prompted to collect huge data since they know they have to make sense of it and to present the policymakers with their best judgments regarding the meaning and implications of the information (Vervaele, 2005).

In this regards, they would be simply no point in collecting huge data that remains unevaluated and unanalyzed. Kopal’s (2008) view that intelligence is a product of crime analysis conforms to this perspective. The researcher suggested that crime analysis is a combination of logical, analytical processes targeted at providing relevant information in a timely manner, or what he refers as intelligence. Kopal (2008) further explained that criminal intelligence analysis is concerned with criminality and criminals and that criminal intelligence analysis should be viewed as an activity concerned with data collection.

According to Adediran (2011), the objective of criminal intelligence analysis is to generate conclusions and provide recommendations for actions. Kopal’s (2008) lengthy yet comprehensive description offers insight into how intelligence is generated within the police force. Indeed, on comparing Kopal (2003) and Adediran’s (2011) descriptions, it is clear that the former points to the direction that intelligence is aimed at fulfilling the law enforcement objectives. Kopal’s Description fits within the context of intelligence and intelligence analysis at Abu-Dhabi Police GHQ.

Despite the divergence in description of intelligence, a common theme is that intelligence is a unique form of information with added value accrued from an analytical process. Police Management at Abu Dhabi Police GHQ Police management is made up of police agency executives, intelligence unit supervisor, and operational managers. It is an important force in ensuring the efficiency of the criminal intelligence function (Crous, 2007). According to Hengst and Mors (2010), police management is responsible for establishing an environment conducive for optimal effectiveness of the intelligence function.

In modern law enforcement agencies, the intelligence function has to be made official with the view of enabling it to appear as a legitimate function within the agency. In this way, the intelligence function has a clear directive for unrestricted collection and processing of raw data through the use of the organisational resources. In the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), each emirate takes charge of its own law enforcement and intelligence work. Additionally, the police forces in each take responsibility for issues of security within their borders, despite routine sharing of intelligence on matters of national security (Abu Dhabi Police, 2014).

In the case of Abu Dhabi Emirate, Abu Dhabi Police is the primary law enforcement agency. Abu Dhabi Police takes charge of enforcing criminal law to ensure public safety (Lori, 2009). Through the Criminal Investigations Department (CID), Abu Dhabi Police deals with issues of criminal intelligence and crime analysis. Role and function of intelligence at Abu Dhabi Police GHQ According to Crous (2007), the objective of intelligence function is to increase awareness and understanding of specific problems under review.

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