Roles of International Organizations in Global Politics - Literature review Example

Roles of International Organizations in Global Politics Roles of International Organizations in Global Politics In theworld’s human history there must be a mutual fortune that all human beings share. Therefore, we can all achieve our endeavours only if we work communally (Mathiason, 2007). That is why there are many international organizations in the world today. One main example is the United Nations (Iriye, 2002). The concept of the global organizations can be viewed using three theories, the realist theory, intuitional and idealist school of thoughts (2013). For the institutional view, it views as a completely rational; the international organisations are seen as important due to increasing interdependence association. On the contrary, the realist faculty believes that since the international organizations power are very limited it is not possible for any international organization to alter the any mode of leadership of the international systems. For the realist school it is perceived that their anarchical is being used by strong states to gain their personal interest. On the other case of the idealist school, they see the international organizations as agents of the agreed values of the society by different members of the global organisations .All this theories will help us discuss the roles of the international organisations in politics. During his speech at the beginning of the millennium, the secretary Genera l then, that is Kofi Annan discussed the obstacles of the world’s politics. He explained that the obstacles could only be overcome with the presence of the international organizations. This is simply because international organizations foster peace and stability in the global community. Therefore, the international organizations should work at the attention of the world-wide community. These organizations, should maintain peace politically socially and economically. They bring in a specific control that is regulated by the influential states .This will help bring up a common platform for transparency to prevent the interests of the authoritative states. The international forums that were created in the year 1989 and which still functions, was created to prevent international conflicts. The international leagues formed during the second world war were majorly and purposely created to provide efficiency and effectiveness for forums and also to enable nations to voice out their feelings and to bring up a dialogue. This was an achievement after Second World War. During this time the league members also felt that they should have an organization that will enable them to share thoughts and bring up platforms for solving the disagreements completely and peacefully. This therefore led to the development of the United Nations which provides unbiased participation in its membership. The major organization that is subject to the discussion in this case is the United Nations. The contrast to this is that the international institutions may be ineffective simply because they will not stop the local nations from carrying out their powerful politics. United Nations cannot prevent conflicts from happening because conflicts in a nation is majorly caused by ethnic clashes and political ideological strains and this conflicts cannot be solved by diplomatic efforts but through exemplary negotiations brought by the United Nations. This contrast can be explained by the fact that, the roles of the international organizations in politics is dependent on the theoretical context and the explanation of what the organizational system entails. This is due to the following justifications: The United Nations leaders for example the secretary general has responsibilities but no powers which always contradict. The fact that he has been given all the tools and rights ,responsibilities and resources shows that he is the symbol of the organization this shows that the states are not moving towards any global administration. It is also argued that United Nations increases the gap of decolonization social rights environmental safeguarding and promoting international law therefore it is predicted that United Nations have the ability to redefine the behaviour of the states, and also these institutions can affect the state conduct by improving the incentives for working together while implementing disincentives for example trade sanctions .The role of United Nations is not to intervene in the internal matters, but the only role it plays is to provide tools to the resolving party and therefore resolve disagreements by themselves. It is also perceived that the neo-liberal institutionalisms are distorted as it causes faults from the institution. This shows that international institutions are no longer scrutinised subjectively by the concerned force. The main objective of the United Nations is to provide forums for the members of the different nations which have different issues. The issues that are concern to the international community are tackled by this platform .Therefore perhaps instead of focusing on the reforms and failures within the United Nations, more emphasis should be placed on the virtue that it provides suitable centre for harmonizing issues and developing common goals and discussions for the different nations. Moreover, it is a diplomacy centre for negotiations in the world wide nations. The following theories that is the neo-realism and neo-liberal institutionalism assumes that economic and world military are the major influence in the global politics. Constructivist theorists stand this by believing that that the lengthy power plays an important role in understanding the world political system (Armstrong et al., 2004). Constructivists do not agree with the neorealist hypothesis that revolution plays an important role in the conduct of the institutions, and creates a dialogue identity and curiosity in shaping the global performers, and world states. Several assertions made by constructivists had the intentions to improve the success of the international institutions, but still more questions came up on the assumptions of the neo-liberalism and the neo-liberal theories and differs from their greedy approaches. This draws the attention of the relationship between the government and the institutional interest (Ryan, 2000). Therefore, from the theory, we can confirm that the role of global organizations is to advocate their values and philosophies to the states that determine their behaviours (Lepgold & Weiss, 1998). The United Nations on the other hand attempts to organize the actions of the different states and harmonize the different communities. The United Nations also faces many challenges as it tries to rally members from different states and gears them to follow their ideologies and visions. In true justifications, the neo-liberal institutionalism methodology is misleading by stating the United Nations weakness (Boyle, 1985) .The neorealism theory defines the behaviours of the different states. Scholars of this model states that the moment cooperation among the different states is officialised the states will be unwilling to leave it having fear of what might happen (Katzenstein et al., 1999) .Once the states gets into the full membership it is difficult to abandon the same union. This shows that the United Nations link the gaps between the states and provides room for the debates and generate coalitions to approach the frailer states. While approaching the United Nations one should determine success and failures as we approach the United Nations systems sets up national forums or the global policing power (Milner & Moravcsik, 2009). This can be accompanied by merits and drawbacks. The international organizations plays a role of collecting statistical data used in political affairs they analyse and interpret the trends as well as make comparisons of information in the different global states (Karns & Mingst, 2010) Some international states carries out supervisory activities .supervisory system of the United Nations are not strong, therefore the European Nation and the Supreme Court of justice has strong supervisory organ (Joseph, 2012). It also sets treaties between countries and lends out practical cooperation by providing financial support to the political states which require them .Other roles played by the international organizations includes making negotiations and setting up agreements between nations as well as minimising the transaction costs and improve teamwork amongst the different nations .International organizations provide political information and trends ,provides platforms for negotiations ,forums and bargaining are set up by the international organizations during negotiations .International organizations also provide platform where agents from a member country discuss and come up with solutions of the contemporary issues (Kegley, 2008). United Nations ensures global stability as well as providing solutions to the global problems. The united nations provide attention to the states concerned especially in the security realm and conflict resolution (Mansbach & Rhodes, 2009). In arguing the roles of global organizations need to understand that maintaining peace and order in the society as well good se crudity may not be an easy task. It is a task that requires massive workforce and intensive cooperation among the nations who are members of that movement. At times the members have different conflicting issues and therefore makes it difficult to make peace in the conflicting nations this makes peace making more complicated the United Nations will therefore have to intervene in such a situation and solve the problem (Rosenau & Singh, 2002). The international organizations will take up the responsibility to affirm peace keeping making the decisions on what to be done and what not to be done (Barnett & Finnemore, 2004). There are several initiatives that are taken by the United Nations to ensure that the smaller states are not duped by the larger states especially in dealing with trading affairs .The United nations and other organisations also ensures that they uphold the principles of the human rights (Trivedi, 2005). However this has also been criticised by saying that it overlooks the different philosophies of the global society. The role of the international organisations in the protecting the human rights is by providing humans with the military and humanitarian aid. The United Nations is the only organisation that has the power to command the military (Zweifel, 2005) Reference: 1. ZWEIFEL, T. D. (2005). International organizations and democracy: accountability, politics, and power. Boulder, Colo. [u.a.], Rienner. 2. MATHIASON, J. (2007). Invisible governance: international secretariats in global politics. Bloomfield, CT, Kumarian Press. 3. IRIYE, A. (2002). Global community: the role of international organizations in the making of the contemporary world. Berkeley, University of California Press. 4. MANSBACH, R. W., & RHODES, E. J. (2009). Global politics in a changing world: a reader. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 5. ROSENAU, J. N., & SINGH, J. P. (2002). Information technologies and global politics: the changing scope of power and governance. Albany, N.Y., State University of New York Press. 6. BARNETT, M. N., & FINNEMORE, M. (2004). Rules for the world: international organizations in global politics. Ithaca, N.Y. [u.a.], Cornell Univ. Press. 7. JOSEPH, J. (2012). The social in the global: social theory, govern mentality and global politics. 8. KARNS, M. P., & MINGST, K. A. (2010). International organizations: the politics and processes of global governance. Boulder, Colo, Lynne Rienner Publishers. 9. TRIVEDI, S. (2005). A handbook of international organisations. New Delhi, Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. 10. KEGLEY, C. W. (2008). World politics: trend and transformation. Boston, MA, Cengage Learning. 11. MILNER, H. V., & MORAVCSIK, A. (2009). Power, interdependence, and nonstarter actors in world politics. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. 12. ARMSTRONG, D., LLOYD, L., & REDMOND, J. (2004). International organisation in world politics. Basingstoke, Hampshire [u.a.], Palgrave Macmillan. 13. RYAN, S. (2000). The United Nations and international politics. Basingstoke, Hampshire [u.a.], Macmillan [u.a.]. 14. BOYLE, F. A. (1985). World politics and international law. Durham, [N.C.], Duke University Press. 15. KATZENSTEIN, P. J., KEOHANE, R. O., & KRASNER, S. D. (1999). Exploration and contestation in the study of world politics. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.], MIT Press. 16. LEPGOLD, J., & WEISS, T. G. (1998). Collective conflict management and changing world politics. Albany, State University of New York Press. 17. (2013). Globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. 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