Unification in Italy and Germany - Assignment Example

The war and victory brought people together. He also goaded Austria into war. He also expanded the railway lines which brought states closer together. He also ignored the legislature and raised taxes which allowed for a bigger army. Cavour took similar action involving transport and also pursued conflicts that unified people. He raised taxes and revenues which allowed Piedmont to expand. War with Austria, which Cavour helped provoke, eventually led another Italian state to overthrow their government and work more closely with Piedmont, thereby helping to bring about unification.


I.D. the following terms in paragraph format. Make sure you include ALL INFORMATION from the book: Do NOT just copy from the book. You must put these in your own words. (worth 10 points each)


1. Class struggle: Bourgeoisie & Proletariat

In a Marxist view of class struggle, there are two main classes. The bourgeoisie is the merchant middle class who have enough money to live comfortably. The Proletariat is the working class who are being exploited. There is a conflict between these two groups which can eventually lead to a revolution. This was a major issue throughout the 19th and 20th centuries as economic growth accelerated and these class distinctions became more evident. In Marx's views, the two groups were opposed to one another and it was inevitable that a violent clash would occur. The proletariat would revolt and overthrow the bourgeois government. The result would be a worker's paradise: a classless society where everyone would be equal.

2. Conservatism

This is a political philosophy that said that tradition should be respected within societies and that old orders should not be overthrown in a day. It privileged institutions built up over time. Metternich was a great proponent of this idea. He did not believe in democracy. He felt people should respect political authority and institutions. King, church, and bureaucracy knew best.

3. Ausgleich

This was the agreement in 1867 which created the dual-monarchy of Austro-Hungary. This allowed Hungary to have some power separate from Austria and proved a good working compromise until the First World War.


Answer the following True or False: (worth 5 points each)

1. Great Britain depended almost entirely upon foreign investment to support its Industrial Revolution at the beginning.

True

2. Continuous, self-sustaining economic growth came to be accepted as a fundamental part of the new economy begun by the Industrial Revolution.

True

3. 
   Children were discouraged from working in cotton mills because their smaller size did not allow them to move among the machines and they were too difficult to train to do complex factory work.
   
   

False

4. Because of the wealth created by the Industrial Revolution, the sanitary conditions in factory towns were safer and cleaner than in the older, pre-industrial cities.

False

5. In 1848, the French abandoned the institution of monarchy and established the Second Republic.

False

6. Greece achieved its independence from the Austrian Empire in 1830.

False

7. Piedmont's prime minister, Count Cavour, stated that Italy would be unified, “Not by speeches and majorities...but by blood and iron.”

False

8. 
   One of Napoleon III's major accomplishments was the modernization of Paris.
   
   

True

9. In the American Civil War, over 600,000 soldiers died in battle or from diseases resulting from filthy camp conditions.

True

10. 
    
    An example of late-nineteenth-century artistic Realism was the painter, Casper David Friedrich.

False