Prespectives on Nursing - Ida Orlandos Nursing Process Theory - Coursework Example

Perspective of Nursing Theory Name Institution Perspective of Nursing Theory Introduction Before the development of nursing theories, the practitioners viewed it as a series of responsibilities the required little to no rationale. However, with time, the practise witnessed evolution in the theories and philosophies that facilitated the progression of nursing practise as vocation to an academic discipline. Nursing theories aim to promote autonomy when utilized as guide for critical thinking and decision-making. Eventually, the application of theories and philosophies increased the knowledge development and improved the quality of the nursing practice. The theory tends to describe how nurses and patients could cooperatively influence healing and ensure good health through the models of explaining the relationship between beliefs and health aspects. Moreover, the theory is significant in explain and analyzing what the nurses do to facilitate communication between nurses and researches. As nurses enter into practise, they recognize the significance of education to guide their decisions within the healthcare system. Nursing profession is more than just a job or mere profession. Besides, there is the need to recognize and respect the needs of others (Meleis, 2011). The theory that supports such claim is Ida Orlando’s Nursing process theory. In most cases, nurses are the face of healthcare communities which makes them most accessible. Comparison of the theories allows bringing to light the core structures of the theories and highlights the importance of applying a particular theory during the practise. Therefore, theory guided nursing practices offer nurses the frameworks of making clinical decisions and upholding integrity and accountability through increasing the level of transparency in their actions. Theory models are critical for organizing, classifying, and interpreting information that guide nurses’ actions. Theoretical Perspective of Ida Orlando’s Nursing theory Orlando’s theory is based on the meta-paradigms concepts of the nursing profession with the integration of both the person and nursing practices. In this case, the person means the patient, families, and social groups while nursing means provision of care services. Besides, the Orlando’s theory is today one of the most effective models used in the healthcare nursing. According to the theory, whatever the activities carried out by nurses, they undertake to serve the patients. The major concept of the theory involves the roles of professional nurses, presentation of behaviour, immediate action, improvement strategies, and the nursing process discipline. Most healthcare professions use the theory without realizing the application. Within the hospitals and other care setups, the primary focus is the patient, family, and home situation. Therefore, the nurses should be in a position to utilize their senses and determine the major problem. The theory also focuses on treating the patient as a whole and incorporating them into the plan of care. The theory states that it is the responsibility of the nurses to offer support to suffering individuals or those anticipating a sense of helplessness. Additionally, nursing focuses on the care processes with immediate experience and provision of direct assistance to people in whatever environment with an aim of avoiding, relieving, diminishing, and curing people of helplessness. The purpose of the theory is to meet and stay focused on the needs of the patients and ensures professional interaction between the patient and nurse. For example, in the theory, Orlando used a patient seeking pain medication. After asking the pain levels, the nurse realized that there was something else besides the pain and the patient opened up citing she was worried about her children. The nurse assisted the patient by calling her children. Consequently, the patient said she had recovered and never needed the medication anymore. From the scenario, four patient concepts are identifiable: behaviour, reaction, professional response, and improvement of the situation. Theory Views One of the most important roles of nurses is portraying leadership skills within the professional environments to guarantee the success of their activities. Efficient and effective leadership skills within nursing profession might assist clinical leaders to assist others to see and learn about the prevailing conditions. Moreover, effective clinical nurses should be able to identify new methods of performing tasks. Leadership in nursing is a natural element since most of the nurses work in groups or units. Nurses often use Orlando’s theory during their practices. The defining factor of the theory is that it majorly concentrates on process utilized by the nurses to determine the immediate needs of the patients and more specifically to reach the desired aims as it draws on the cues in the interpersonal process. Through utilizing Orlando’s theory in nursing practices, other theorists have also been able to propose other models such as the dynamic leader-follower relationship (Hamdan et al., 2014). From the leadership point of view, using the theory allows identification of issues that occur on the job. As a result, it allows people to share issues affecting them and promote reflective outlook that would benefit the team members. While the nurses focus on finding their spot within the healthcare, they can concurrently develop basic leadership skills through integration with established nursing managers. Importance of the Perspective and Influence in Nursing Practice Orlando’s nursing theory provides an understanding the improved practice of the nursing profession to ensure application of the actual practice and evidence based research. The theory serves several purposes, which emulates the numerous specialties within the nursing profession. Eventually, the main goal is to enable the delivery of the best quality care. Moreover, the theory guides the guides the nurses in thinking, defining the places of the nurses within the healthcare facilities, and provision of institutions with the development of the nursing education. It is significant to have format for the professional nurses to practice and made proper and effective decisions (Masters, 2012). The theory assists the nurses to increase their autonomy and improve their communication skills with other healthcare professionals. Such practices assist in developing ideas meant for having common terminologies within the healthcare. Besides, there theories are becoming important for effective decision making within the nursing profession and implementation of significant practices within the care systems. Orlando’s theory provides the basis for collecting and validating reliable information, which makes it a key in practicing nursing and advancement of the care practise since it serves as the guide to assessing the various interventions and evaluation of the care practices. More importantly, the theory provides measureable methods of evaluating the quality of services provided within the nursing care. Researches indicate that there several beneficial uses of practicing nursing theory. Integration of the theory into nursing care practices provides the foundation for research and a frame of reference for assessing, diagnosing, and intervening for the patients (Standing, 2014). Furthermore, with regard to Orlando’s theory, nursing theories make the profession competent, valuable, and common platform for ensuring effective communication between the advanced nursing practice and other practices involved in the patients’ care. Nursing theories support the concepts of professional autonomy, responsibility, and liability in the advancement of the nursing practice. The other benefits associated with the theory based practiced include structure and organization, focus, coordinated and less fragmented care, systematic and purposeful approach, and identifiable and traceable objectives. Although there are several benefits of utilizing the nursing theories, there are barriers as well that hinder effective implementation and application of the healthcare practice. These barriers inhibit the development of nursing theory. Several researches view nurses as doers rather than thinkers. Most people choose to pursue nursing profession with the aims of becoming advocates to assist others without consideration of the philosophical and ethical issues. The major barriers to the philosophical thinking are financial stress and focusing on carrier advancement within the nursing profession. However, the effective application of the nursing theory is the greatest barrier as most nurses use wrong types of theories or models on the circumstance in question (Kim, 2015). It is significant to note that there is no single theory that is applicable in every patient stipulation. Unfortunately, most nurses do not have adequate understanding of the types of nursing theories to enable them effective application. Personal Theory of Nursing The four major concepts of nursing paradigms are health, environment, patient, and the nursing profession. The integration of these concepts defines my personal philosophy of nursing which is the major doctrine within the nursing profession. To understand the foundation of personal practice framework, there is need to review different definitions of the four paradigms commonly used in nursing. With much consideration on the first paradigm of nursing, Orlando’s theory of theory of nursing has been selected as the foundation to ensure adequate understanding of the role and importance of a person. Various review of on the theory noted that the theorists believed in the ability of every person to engage in the self-care or practices that might allow the development and maintenance of health (McEwen & Wills, 2011). Additionally, the literature continues by arguing that that the theory places the person at the centre of the care practices which prompt the need for the nurses to understand the specific barriers to the patient that influence self-care. Positioning the individual at the centre of the care processes tend to create an environment in which a person and his/her specific needs focuses on health. Such factors determine my pertinent personal practice of framework. As a nursing student, I view health as a dynamic condition of existing within the continuum of health-illness. Health is affected by beliefs and behaviours. In addition, it is holistic and involves physical, physiological, emotional, social, and spiritual aspect of a people’s lives. The nursing practitioners aim to assist the patients achieve their optimal wellness and coping with the periods of wellness and disability. Professions within the nursing field use nursing process that forms the basis of scientific nursing practice and require them to analyze information from different sources. . As a person, it is my responsibility to employ my technical, comforting, and nurturing skills to assist the patients achieve their optimum health. In addition, I will utilize my decision-making skills to ensure provision of quality care. The environment either promotes or interferes with the wellbeing of the patients. Moreover, the environmental components include physical and non-physical aspects. Physical environment entails temperature and water while non-physical environment involves culture, beliefs, values, attitudes, parenting, social-support, neighbourhood, and healthcare. People live within the environments while interacting with all the associated components. Both physical and non-physical environments have great effect on the health conditions and influence the manner in which people adapt to various components. Orlando’s concept of the environment is also used in the current practice framework (Chang & Sun, 2012). The theorist believed that the environment includes the individual and all aspects of his/her life. Therefore, the environment might support the improvement in the quality and detriment the support as well. Identification of these factors is critical to providing the support required by the patients to enhance their health conditions. Through reducing environmental barriers, the nurse practitioners can effectively augment the ability of the patient to engage in care process. As a nurse, I view people as unique creatures similar to open systems and subsystems influenced by the environment and genetics. Several factors motivate a person. Such factors include the needs, capacity, the need for adaptations, and interaction with the environment. Failure to satisfy the needs, the person becomes susceptible to alteration of the health conditions (Chang & Daly, 2012). The alterations tend to manifest itself in different ways including through diseases. In turn, the person seeks relief in form of the healthcare from the professional practitioners. Both Henderson’s and Watson’s theory of nursing tend to influence my philosophies. I view and value nursing profession as having the insight in the needs of the patients and situations, seeing the person as a different being and treating each patient with dignity and respect that they deserve. I believe that one of the major goals of nursing is to assist the patients retain, attain, and regain health. Nursing actions tend to focus on the person in need of assistance and integrate the art and science of nursing. Nursing as a profession consists of specialized bodies involving the knowledge and skills to care for the patients in health and sickness at different practice settings and the knowledge of performing various tasks. Such knowledge includes my understanding on the nursing process and procedures. The knowledge is an important component and requirement for the nursing profession. Nursing involves utilization of skills from various professional bodies to assist the patients reach their maximum function and quality of life (Pinto & Upshur, 2013). Caring for the sick patients is the most critical life event for such patients. It is significant to assess the condition of every patient for creation of a specific plan of care for each person. Therefore, there is need to collaborate with other healthcare practitioners and providers at different departments to provide the best plan of the care for the patients. I will ensure effective implementation of the plan of care through monitoring the conditions of the patients as well as teaching them the importance of having a good health. For evaluation, it has to ensure the effectiveness of the plan of make and recommend the appropriate adjustments when necessary for achieving the desired outcome. The strength according to me, with regard to nursing profession, is the psychosocial and emotional support that the practitioners provide to their patients. Being a nurse, I have to prepare for different cultural responses and reactions and adapt my behavioural characteristics that I consider significant to the nursing practice. Besides, my information and expertise to the condition in question are also important. Nurses have to be open to learning the different cultures, avoid being judgmental, be pleasant, and respect cultural diversities through appreciating and recognizing the cultures of their patients (McCaffrey & Ruth, 2012). With reference to the application of cultural diversities into nursing practice, it is important to recognize Leninger’s trans-cultural theory if the practitioners are to give proper care to the patients. According to the theory, cultural aspects of the patients tend to affect every aspect of their existence. Therefore, failure to recognize the cultural differences, there are high chances that the practitioners could undermine important intentions. The rudiments with every culture are taught to people from the conception. As a result, the teachings influence opinions, conducts, religious beliefs, and judgments. More importantly, as a nurse, I have to practice autonomy and be in control of some decisions made during the practice and coordinate with other healthcare practitioners to ensure reliability, liability, and practice the power of influence. Conclusion The application of the nursing theories, with reference to Orlando’s theory, is clear, concise, and easy to apply and process. The theory has been effective in different settings of patient care settings. The basis of the theory is to assist both the patients and nurses identify the need of assisting and providing assistance individually to meet the needs of the patients. As a result, there is need to educate the nurses using the Orlando’s theory at it would enable them control and evaluate their effectiveness of the practice while the patients on the hand can decide on the actions they take to improve their senses of adequacy and wellbeing. It is significant that the practicing nurses manage their health issues through focusing on both the patients and broader society. Besides, nurses have the primary role in patient education. Through the nursing theories, especially the ones providing the for understanding for nursing, patients, and families, there have been improvement in innovation with patient care, experiences of nurses, nursing administration, and nurse-patient relationships. Although the evolution of the nursing profession is not a new concept, practitioners have to continue utilizing the theories while conducting researches and developing professional boundaries to ensure effective professional development. References Chang, E., & Daly, J. (2012). Transitions in nursing: Preparing for professional practice. Chatswood, N.S.W: Elsevier Australia. Chang, J., & Sun, E. (2012). Current trends in nursing theories. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(2), 156-164. Hamdan, A. R., Kwan, C. L., Khan, A., Ghafar, M. N., & Sihes, A. J. (2014). Implementation of Problem Based Learning among Nursing Students. International Education Studies, 7(7). Kim, H. S. (2015). The essence of nursing practice: Philosophy and perspective. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. Masters, K. (2012). Nursing theories: A framework for professional practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. McCaffrey, & Ruth. (2012). Doctor of Nursing Practice: Enhancing Professional Development. F.A. Davis Company. McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Meleis, A. I. (2011). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Pinto, A. D., & Upshur, R. (2013). An introduction to global health ethics. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Standing, M. (2014). Clinical judgement and decision-making for nursing students. Los Angeles, LA: Learning Matters. Read More