Nurses and Barriers to Intimate Partner Violence in Hospitals - Research Proposal Example

Nursing Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Abstract 3 1.2 Problem statement 3 1.3 Background……………………………………………………………………………………..…....3 1.4 Purpose of the research…………………………………………………………………………........5 1.4.1 Research Questions………………………………………………………………………………...5 1.4.2 Research Objectives……………………………………………………………………………......5 1.5 Research Hypothesis…………………………………………………………………………………5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Research Strategies for IPV...............................................................................................…...5 2.2 Review of the Risk Factors……………………………………………………………………7 2.3 Disclosure Factors of IPV…………………………………………………………………….7 2.4 Review of Barriers to screening……………………………………………………………….8 2.5 Setting…………………………………………………………………………………………8 2.6 Focus on Australia Reviews…………………………………………………………………..8 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Study Population………..…………………………………………………………………….9 3.2 Data Collection………………………………………………………………………………..9 3.2.1 Sample Size Determination………………………………………………………………...10 3.2.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria…………………………………………………………...10 3.3 Data Management Analysis………………………………………………………………….11 3.4 Ethical Considerations ………………………………………………………………………12 3.5 Study Limitations………………………………………………………………………….....13 3.6 Dissemination of Findings…………………………………………………………………...13 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….13 References……………………………………………………………………………………….14 Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………….......16 Nurses and Barriers to Intimate Partner Violence in Hospitals CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Abstract Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) causes fatal injuries and death every year in Australia. Estimates have revealed that about 14% of patients in both public and private hospitals are victims of IPV. The government requires that all patients admitted in hospitals be screened for IPV. Nurses are perceived to play a vital role in the process of screening; hence, the study shall involve nurses as the major participants of collecting the relevant information. The goal of the study will be to establish the attitude of nurses and the perceived barriers to screening patients for IPV. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, it is noted that one in every three Australian women has experienced violence from their current or former partner. This amounts to 34% of Australian women involved in IPV violence for women in intimate relationships. The same data reveals that women were most likely prone to IPV than men. The type of violence experienced by women is said to be mostly physical assault although sexual and psychological violence are also identified in the statistics (ABS, 2009). The research shall focus on identifying those factors that facilitate nurses in screening patients for IPV as well as the factors that hinder nurses from screening patients for IPV. 1.2. Problem Statement Intimate Partner Violence is a clearly documented problem in the current world. Every year, women have fallen victims of IPV related physical assaults totaling approximately 4.7 million. Men are also victims of about 2.8 million cases of the related assaults. Reports indicate that a woman is killed almost every week in Australia by a partner or an ex-partner. Intimate partner homicide cases are purported to amount to one sixth of all homicide cases in Australia. Four out of five of the cases have involved a man killing his female partner (Smith et al. 2008). These statistics have facilitated the conduction of this research with an aim to establish factors that cause or hinder screening of patients for IPV. 1.3. Background Intimate Partner Violence can be defined as behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual and psychological harm to either partner. In the past decades, domestic violence has come to be recognized as a prominent issue in the health system because of the negative implications on women’s health. Due to the fact that most abused women do not present their cases to basic health care settings, it has been difficult to identify the history of domestic violence in most women (Smith et al. 2008). The ongoing debate about routine screening is focused on the based ways of identifying abused women in the health care facilities. Despite existence of enacted laws and policies which manage Intimate Partner Violence, IPV is still prevalent as a world problem that raises alarm over short and long term effects on women’s health. Professional organizations have been in the forefront in advocating response to domestic violence with the main agenda of recommending universal screening for all women. These organizations have also been in the struggle to enforce zero tolerance for domestic violence (Al-Natour et al., 2015). For instance, the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) in 1995 supported a policy of zero tolerance against women and advocated for universal screening for the possibility of past and current violence in its designed policies. Universal screening implies that every woman aged 14 and older is asked about their exposure to IPV irrespective of their education level, social-economic status or ethnicity (Anglin, 2009). Despite the fact that there have been various mechanisms across the globe to monitor domestic violence cases, the medical and trauma communities have shown a slow and inconsistent rate in responding to these cases. Nurses constitute of the largest group of health care professionals, hence, are in the best position to protect the health of victimized patients as a result of IPV through their daily assessment at work. The Emergency Nurses Association in the United States has always supported universal screening for IPV and recognizes the fact that identifying a victim of IPV is the first step in patient advocacy (Bradbury‐Jones & Taylor, 2013). In Australia there have been a number of projects established since 1990 with the aim of identifying the victims of domestic violence. They have also been in efforts in increasing the sensitivity of the medical and nursing personnel to women who have experienced violence. Queensland and New South Wales already implemented routine screening programs. For instance, Queensland established the Queensland Domestic Violence Initiative (DVI) in 1998 (Wall, 2012). The major aims of the initiative were to increase awareness with regards to domestic violence amongst the health care professionals as well as the entire Queensland community. The DVI was also to design standardized methods of identifying victims of domestic violence in health care facilities. In New South Wales, the Policy Review Advisory Committee recommended a routine screening for domestic violence. The aim of the project was to develop training for the staff with regards to their needs and participation in health services, development of model screening procedures and documentation of deistic identified cases (Signorelli, Taft & Pereira, 2012). 1.4. Purpose of the Research Having worked closely with fellow nurses in the early stages of my nursing career, I have come across cases of domestic violence leading to the treatment of injuries. However, most nurses have seen ignorant in finding the nature of such injuries as whether they are as a result of IPV. I have also learned that such incidences are going to form a greater percentage of my nursing practice, hence, the reason to look for possible measures in dealing with the situation. Due to the increased cases of IPV, the proposed study seeks to find the ways in which nurse should attend to IPV cases and factors that prevent nurses from careening patient for any IPV related incident. 1.4.1. Research Questions i. What do nurses perceive as barriers to screening patients for IPV? 1.4.2. Research Objectives i. To identify what nurses perceive as barriers to screening patients for IPV 1.5. Research Hypothesis There are no barriers for nurses to screening patients for intimate partner violence. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Research Strategies for IPV The proposed research shall begin by reviewing various literatures as pertaining to past research on IPV incidences across the globe. A number of sources have been selected as relevant for reviewing with the aim of establishing the validity of the results to the findings of the proposed research. The journey towards identification and screening of domestic IPV cases began its way back in 1985 when the Surgeon General identified IPV as a public health epidemic that was responsible for 29% of female homicides in the United States. In 1997, homicide was said to be the second leading cause of death amongst women aged 14 to 24 years in the US and the first leading cause of death for African American women falling in the same age group. The perpetrators of IPV have been found to be current of ex-partners of the victims (Beccaria, 2013). Research has also revealed that most heath care providers are unaware of their patients’ domestic violence incidences because they have failed to make routine inquiry to their patients about IPV. Researches from various investigators have tried to establish the risk factors that increase the risk of homicide. These are access to weapons such as guns, substance abuse, forced sex, persistent violence, extensive property destruction and increased jealousy and obsession. IPV accounted for 27% of crimes against women between 2007 and 2011 against 5% for men. In population based studies, the number of IPV cases increased steadily from 5% to 15% as compared to a steady increase of the number up to 44% in the healthcare settings (Felblinger & Gates, 2008). 2.2 Review of the Risk Factors of IPV Various studies have tried to define the risk factors that can lead to IPV cases, for instance, women between the ages 14 and 24 years were purported to have the highest risk to IPV. This amounts to 7 per 1000 women around the globe. Women who are separated or divorces are also at a greater risk to IPV as well as those whose male partners are unemployed or have a low income. This combination of the social and economic factors suggests that women who can meet their monetary needs have a greater potential to prevent IPV. They also have the capability of resolving IPV cases at their early stages whenever they suspect that there could be such violence. In addition to physical injuries, IPV incidences cause gynecological problems, depression, inflammatory diseases and post traumatic stress disorders (Guruge, 2012). 2.3 Disclosure Factors of IPV There have been problems of disclosure by insulted women across the globe. A study conducted in California and Pennsylvania in 11 emergency department revealed that 34% of the recently abused women did not report their cases to the emergency departments for the treatment of that particular injury. In another study, women who visited the emergency departments indicated that their most common source of help in the case of IPV was family and friends. The emergency department was found to be the last course of resolving IPV cases. Even though it is clear that women support the universal screening for IPV, studies have shown that very few women appear for the screenings. This was evident from the fact that the number of women presenting trauma from abuse cases at the emergency department was higher than the number of women who previously reported physical assaults at the department. The rate of traumatically abused women was 40% as compared to those who had reported IPV’s which was13% (Guillery et al., 2012). 2.4 Review of Barriers to Screening Due to the reorganization of low rates of IPV identification, a number of researches have been done on the past to try and draw conclusion of barriers to screening patients for IPV by the nurses. One research drew a conclusion about patient and provider factors that seemed to hinder or motivate screening of the patient for IPV. The research revealed that patients who presented themselves to the emergency department with less acute complaints and non-psychiatric conditions were mostly screened for IPV as compared to women acute and psychiatric complaints. Those who presented themselves during daytime were also likely to be screened for IPV as compared to those who presented themselves at night. This research indicated that screening varied with the severity of a woman’s condition at the emergency department. The issue of mandatory reporting is also at its contributing factor to hindering or preventing screening (Hamberger et al., 2015). There are no standard laws across the globe that has supported mandatory reporting of the cases. A survey report conducted at various emergency departments in the U.S revealed that most women support mandatory reporting although it was surprising to note that most abused women did not support mandatory reporting. This was with the sense that most abused women believed the risk of abuse increases with mandatory reporting while a few abused and non-abused women believed that the risk of abuse decreased with mandatory reporting (Kalra & Garcia-Moreno, 2015). The physicians’ perspective about mandatory reporting in the same research was also confusing as 60% of primary care and emergency physicians agreed that they may not comply with the mandatory reporting laws if the patient objects. They also stated that as far as mandatory reporting has its benefits, it contains its potential risks including the violation of medical ethics (Paulin et al., 2013). 2.5. Setting This research is set to be conducted in one of the major public hospitals in Sydney, Australia, the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH). The hospital is located is located in Camperdown, along missenden road. This hospital setting has purposely been chosen for the proposed study because of various reasons. The hospital serves as a teaching hospital for the Central Clinical School of Sydney Medical School. This means that it has the capacity to allow interviewing of many participants most of which are medical staffs and medical students. It is also the largest hospital in the Sydney local District hospitals with a bed capacity of more than 700 beds. Established in 1882, it is one of the oldest hospitals in the New South Wales districts meaning that it can provide enough medical records from its long history. The hospital has over 4000 staffs and receives over 500, 000 outpatient treatments every year. This hospital therefore has the capacity of providing enough and reliable data in drawing conclusions about barriers to IPV in Australia and the rest of the world (Mulroney, 2013). 2.6. Focusing on Australia Reviews In Australia, there have been a number of researches about IPV that when reviewed can help this particular research to draw accurate conclusion about the subject matter of the intended report. In 1996, a study involving 6300 women revealed a number of factors regarding domestic violence in Australia. In this particular survey conducted by the ABS, violence was first defined as any incidence that could result to physical sexual or mental assault. The study revealed that 24% of women who had even been married or were in relationships that were de-facto in nature had experienced violence at one point in their relationship. 45% of women in previous relationships reported that they had experienced violence from their previous partners. Women who were experiencing violence at the time the research was being conducted experienced violence more than once form their partners. 36 % of the women experienced violence during the period of separation. The ABS research also indicated that younger women were at a greater risk to violence than older women. 7.4% of women aged 18-24 experienced violence as compared to 1.3% of women aged 55years and above (ABS, 2009). In Australia, there are also barriers to disclosure according to various researches. The women experiencing violence are usually unable to deal with the issues themselves but communicate to family and friends other than the outside sources. This is because of fears of isolation, lack of support and shame. Less than 20% of women interviewed in the research had contacted domestic violence services whenever they were abused in their relationships. The Australian Bureau of Statistics also found similar results with regards to reporting of abuse crisis. Only 5% of the abused women took an initiative to contact crisis organization. 43% of the women said that they did not contact the crisis organizations simply because they wished to tackle the issue by themselves. 59% of the physically abused women discussed the issue with friends, neighbors and relatives. More recent research on IPV in Australia found that about a quarter of young people, aged between 13 and 20 years have witnessed an incident of physical domestic violence to either their mother or step mother (Mulroney, 2013). The review of previous research in Australia and the United Stated about IPV is going to form a very significant foundation to the proposed project. This particular research is going to compare the data collected from these researches with the one collected from the intended research in order to draw up strong findings. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY This particular study shall involve both quantitative and qualitative methods in order to understand the care providers’ views with regards to screening for IPV in Australia. This shall involve the nurses at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) which shall serve at the study sample to represent the larger community of heath personnel. Generally the aim is to come up with possible hinders and enablers of screening patients for IPV in the healthcare departments in Australia. The primary method to be used in collecting data for the qualitative part shall be group discussions with the frontline health workers. The research shall not strictly limit its discussions with the nurses alone, but shall involve other job cadres that come into contact with patients. The participants shall involve staffs from various cadres at the hospital who may be helpful in providing reliable information for the study. 3.1. Study Population The study population shall involve the healthcare staffs at RPAH who will meet the criteria for inclusion in the study. The study population shall comprise 110 doctors and dentists 1416 nurses, 72 clinical officers, 117 laboratory technologies, 28 public health technicians and 5 incinerator operators totaling 2256. Out of this, a statistically representative sample shall be drawn. 3.2. Data Collection This shall be an anonymous survey study of hospital-based nurses in a 350 bed trauma center for RPAH. Data collection shall involve Survey Monkey(R) which is a web-based data collection tool. There would also be hard copies of randomly distributed questionnaires to registered nurses staff over the duration of the collection period. The questionnaire shall involve several multiple-choice questions, and a section composed of 15 self-evaluating statements Participants to the study will be recruited were through department meetings and other routine unit communication via the intranet/e-mail system, and hard copy surveys were made available for ease of completion over a 5-week period. In order to remind participants of the tasks, periodic reminders were sent via e-mail and face-to-face interactions on the different units. In order to uphold and maintain the confidentiality of the participants, the forms and envelops shall not include the names of the participants as the participants shall also not be required to indicate their names on the forms. 3.2.1 Sample Size Determination The hospital comprises of healthcare workers in different job cadres which shall be considered at different strata. The participants for the study shall be selected randomly using computer generated random number table. This will involve picking personal cell numbers from the employees for each job cadre. The selections of the participants will correspond to the expected study population so as to attain the required sample size. This can be illustrated in tabular form as shown. Job Cadres and Sample Size Job Cadre Number Available Sample Size Nurses 1416 200 Student nurses 117 28 Cleaners 118 30 Laboratory Technologists 115 15 Doctors and Dentists 280 18 Clinical Officers 72 13 Student Doctors 55 8 Public Health officers and Technicians 28 5 Student Clinical officers 21 3 Phlebotomists 19 6 Incinerator operators 5 2 Total 2256 315 3.2.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Since the study population will be the healthcare workers including the doctors, nurses, dentists, clinical officers, public health, laboratory technologists, technicians and sanitary staff at RPAH, The inclusion criteria for the study shall be the medical and the nonmedical staff in the sampling frame who work at RPAH. The exclusion criteria for this study will be the medical and the non medical staff in the sampling frame who do not work at the Hospital. 3.3. Data Management Analysis Microsoft access database will be used to record data gathered from all the 315 respondents that represent 100% response rate. The cleaned data will be transferred to SPSS version 11.5 and MS Excel analysis. Statistical data that are descriptive such as frequencies and percentages will be used to analyze categorical data. The Chi-square test will be used as well as the odds ratio to determine the statistical significance of the relationship between independence variables such as gender, duration of services, job cadre and the dependent variable. The results will be presented in tables, pie charts and bar charts. Qualitative Data Analysis- This form of data analysis will include audiotape transcriptions from interviews and group discussions as well as extensive field notes. The data management will include both manual and cauterized methods to draw up conclusions about the research. In the initial stages, at least four of the investigators will annually analyze the transcripts and the individual and group interviews. The goal of this exercise is to put all the said views in summary so as to determine the recurring features of the interviews for validity (Rajani, Ferhana & Rani, 2011). This shall basically be an inductive content analysis where the participants’ comments are put into various categories and then analyzed. Content analysis is a composition of various stages before a precise conclusion can be drawn. This process shall begin by identifying the unit of analysis as this shall involve all the responses to questions that emerge spontaneously. The next step involves creating and defining the categories and this will basically include definition of carious categories. After these, the rules of category definitions are tested to see whether they will reveal the utility of schema and inter rater arrangement. The validity and the reliability of the data are then tested to see whether the schema factors have bees exclusively utilized in the analysis. Revising the said rules becomes significant at this moment so as to tighten or redefine the schema rules (Reisenhofer & Seibold, 2013). Finally, all the data is then coded with application of count occurrences schema and weighing the salience of possible emerging claims about the data. The research team will maintain all the field notes inclusive of all descriptive events, media reports or any other reports that occur during the time of study as pertaining to the response of the community to IPV. This aspect of data will be integrated with the other qualitative and quantitative data from the research. Credibility of the research shall focus on the evaluation of the researches presentation of the data in a way that does not interfere with participant’s experience. Other techniques that will be perceived to increase the credibility of the information are the researchers’ prolonged engagement in the discussion with the participants so as to give the depth and understanding of the cultural diversity of women experiences. Quantitative Data- This type of data shall be using descriptive procedures that will give frequencies, means and standard of the using the SPSS value quantitative data will be drawn from two sources; that is the demographic data and the response to numerical scale about IPV. The quantitative data will be integrated to emerge with accurate approximations of the findings. 3.4. Ethical Considerations Prior to the commencement of the research, various ethical issues need to be put into consideration in order for the research to emerge as fair and peaceful. It is ethical to realize that the participants of the study need to be well informed about the purpose of the research. This is meant to ensure that the participants understand the research is in line with their personal dignity and is for the benefit of the whole society (Sprague, et al., 2012). With this information, the participants are hence motivated to provide authentic information about the study. Informed decision needs to take its cause in this case in order for the participants to understand that that they have the freedom to respond or not to respond at various stages. The informed decision can be verbally because the intended research is also voluntary. Generally, the informed decision concept implies that the participant be equipped with full information concerning the research and that they are capable of understanding the details of the research so that they can make a choice to participate or not to participate (Anglin, 2009). This particular research is so personal in nature and may be thought to be intruding into individuals’ privacy. In this perspective, it becomes a sensitive matter that ought to be handled with care. The effects of the respondents might be unpredictable as they may lead to emotions during the inquiries. There should, therefore, be a stand by assistance at the hospital to any patient who may develop such problems before commencement of the research. The confidentiality and the anonymity of the participants is a very important ethical issue that should prevail during and after the research. This is to fully assure that participants that the personal information they give to the research team shall remain a secret to anybody who is not part of the research (Rajani, Ferhana & Rani, 2011). The research team should be able to convince the participants that the personal information they give shall not by any means be published. Time as a factor shall be relevant for the research as it the team shall allow the respondents enough time to address all the issues in the questionnaires and at their own free time. Since some participants are occupied by various obligations it will be a wise decision to frequently reminding them of the research so that they don’t fail to meet the deadline in submission of their views. 3.5. Study Limitations In the cases where one on one interviews will be conducted, the confidentiality of the participants can be inevitable. Furthermore, the one on one interview can be time consuming especially in the case where clarification is needed after the completion of the interview. This may come at a time when analysis is being done causing a halt in the analysis process for an unpredictable time. Lack of time for such interview may cause some participants to withdraw from the research and needs to be well clarified to the participants at the time of their recruitment. 3.6. Disseminations of the Proposed Research’s Findings The results of the findings shall first be presented at the RPAH where the institution shall approve the results and recommend their distribution to other sources. After their approval, the findings will be aid available to various websites including the government websites where they can be used for various government planning. The findings are also expected to be publishes in various medical journals where they can find use and assist various medical practitioners. 3.7. Project Funding The proposed research shall involve the use of stationery materials to facilitate efficient collection of data. The funds shall be generated by the hospital with support of various groups that focus for the support of the research. Papers, pens, computers and internet services will be the major aspects of the funding alongside the transport and accommodation fee for the research team. Conclusion Intimate Partner Violence has since been recognized in the health system as an important issue in the health system. The debate about routine screening for IPV cases is an ongoing debate to ensure that injuries form IPV related cases are identified and dealt with. There seem to be the need for more strategies to be established in order to get a firm solution on this problem. The government and other stake holders ought to join hands in combating IPV since the tragedy is not just a matter of one department. International agencies need to back up the fight against IPV in order to ensure that the perpetrators are brought to book irrespective of the corner of the world they perform the acts. Individual effort is also needed in combating this tragedy since the cries begin at domestic levels where the victims are the participants in the cries. There should be laws that allow freedom of reporting the cases at domestic levels. A sympathetic and informed response to IPV cases should highly be valued at the health facilities in order reduce cases of IPV at homes. This intended study shall shed light to the occurrences of IPV and the ways to deal with such cases. The research shall shed light on the possible causes of barrier to universal screening of patients for IPV. The research, therefore, shall be the beginning of a new journey towards finding a solution to the IPV problem in our society. References Al-Natour, A., Gillespie, G. L., Felblinger, D., & Wang, L. L. (2014). Jordanian Nurses’ Barriers to Screening for Intimate Partner Violence. Violence against women, 1077801214559057. Anglin, D. (2009). Diagnosis through disclosure and pattern recognition. Intimate partner violence: A health-based perspective, 87-103. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009). Women’s Safety Australia, ABS, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Bradbury‐Jones, C., & Taylor, J. (2013). Domestic abuse as a transgressive practice: understanding nurses' responses through the lens of abjection. Nursing philosophy, 14(4), 295-304. Beccaria, G., Beccaria, L., Dawson, R., Gorman, D., Harris, J. A., & Hossain, D. (2013). Nursing student's perceptions and understanding of intimate partner violence. Nurse education today, 33(8), 907-911. Felblinger, D. M., & Gates, D. (2008). Domestic violence screening and treatment in the workplace. AAOHN journal, 56(4), 143-150. Guruge, S. (2012). Nurses’ role in caring for women experiencing intimate partner violence in the Sri Lankan context. ISRN nursing, 2012. Guillery, M. E., Benzies, K. M., Mannion, C., & Evans, S. (2012). Postpartum nurses' perceptions of barriers to screening for intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional survey. BMC nursing, 11(1), 2. Hamberger, L. K., Ambuel, B., Guse, C. E., Phelan, M. B., Melzer-Lange, M., & Kistner, A. (2014). Effects of a systems change model to respond to patients experiencing partner violence in primary care medical settings. Journal of Family Violence, 29(6), 581-594. Kalra, N., & Garcia-Moreno, C. (2015). Training Health Care Providers to Respond to Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Title for a Systematic Review. Mulroney, J. (2003). Australian Statistics for Domestic Violence. Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse. Paulin Baraldi, A. C., de Almeida, A. M., Perdoná, G., Vieira, E. M., & Dos Santos, M. A. (2013). Perception and attitudes of physicians and nurses about violence against women. Nursing research and practice, 2013. Rajani, N., Ferhana, K., & Rani, G. S. (2011). Combating domestic violence against women. In International Conference on Social Science and Humanity. IPEDR.(5). Reisenhofer, S., & Seibold, C. (2013). Emergency healthcare experiences of women living with intimate partner violence. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(15-16), 2253-2263. Smith, J. S., Rainey, S. L., Smith, K. R., Alamares, C., & Grogg, D. (2008). Barriers to the mandatory reporting of domestic violence encountered by nursing professionals. Journal of trauma nursing, 15(1), 9-11. Signorelli, M. C., Taft, A., & Pereira, P. P. G. (2012). Intimate partner violence against women and healthcare in Australia: charting the scene. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 17(4), 1037-1048. Sprague, S., Madden, K., Simunovic, N., Godin, K., Pham, N. K., Bhandari, M., & Goslings, J. C. (2012). Barriers to screening for intimate partner violence. Women & health, 52(6), 587-605. Wall, L. (2012). Asking women about intimate partner sexual violence. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Appendix Task Time Frame Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Meet with Directors of Nursing at`PARH sites to speak of the project & Review literature Meet with 25 potential participants and advise them of the project. Follow up 1 week Set up time/location for interviews X 3 Transcribe data and fieldnotes Set up time/location for interviews X 3 Transcribe data and fieldnotes Set up time/location for interviews X 3 Transcribe data and fieldnotes Set up time/location for interviews X 3 Transcribe data and fieldnotes Set up time/location for interviews X 3 Transcribe data and fieldnotes Read and reread data Write up draft of report and ask for participant feedback Re read and add in participants additions Prepare final report Read More