Community Group Care Plan of Individuals Infected with Parkinsons Dementia - Case Study Example

RUNNING HEAD: Community Group Care Plan Community Group Care Plan of Individuals Infected with Parkinson’s Dementia Name: Instructor: Course Unit: Date: Introduction: The primary goal of this paper is to contribute to the development of strategies to provide a care plan for people with Parkinson’s mental dementia in Australia rural communities. In Australia, like in any other industrialized nations, requirements for Parkinson’s care services are ever-increasing. This is stimulated by longer life expectancies, hi-tech advances and high end user expectations, and hampered by inadequate house-hold budgets and escalating health care expenses. Parkinson’s dementia caring facilities in urban cities and towns are generally well equipped to handle patients with Parkinson’s dementia. The urban population also has a multiplicity of choices if the caring facilities in the neighbourhood are not capable to care for their patient effectively. They indeed have an array of options to choose from which include both private and public care centres; perhaps what limits them could only be funds. On the other side of the coin, Australian rural population, have fewer and scarce alternatives as compared to the urban population. The rural populations have to manage with the few and scarce facilities available in the village, or incur hefty expenses to transfer their patient to urban centres. Parkinson’s disease is the most common neuron-disintegrating locomotion disorder, impinging on almost 0.5 to 5% of people older than sixty-five years, globally. The prevalence of the disease augments with maturity in most researches from less than one percent in people aged between sixty-five to sixty-nine years to 2-3 percent or more in people older than age ninety. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) the age structure of Australia comprised of 13.5% people who were 65 years and over, while the life expectancy was 81.63 years in general (79.25 years in Male and 84.15 years Female). This has an implication that Australia has not been left behind to share its own woe’s impacted by dementia due to Parkinson’s disease. There is imminent possibility of patients of Parkinson’s dementia to be isolated, and since they are old adults they need a comprehensive care plan that integrates a focused assortment of services, as well as psychological, psychiatric, medical, neurological, dental and functional assessment. Above all the care plan should be able to incorporate the physical and social environmental aspects of the patients. The here in Parkinson’s dementia care plan lays emphasis on a community driven system that; is mutual supporting, encourages structuring up of vicinity incorporation, persuades improvement of neighbourhood competence for crisis-solving and self-representation, and encouragement of communal action to convey a community's preferences to the attention of Parkinson’s dementia. The paper first tries to understand Parkinson’s dementia and the characteristics of people suffering from the disease; it then discusses the purpose of the plan, its aims and goals, personalities to be involved, and the strategies; and further identifies the barriers and how to overcome them, and lastly wraps with the evaluation to see if the goals have been attained or not. Parkinson’s Dementia and Characteristics of Patients Affected With it: Generally dementia is the fundamental phrase depicting “loss of memory” and other psychological capabilities rigorous sufficient to hamper with every day living. It is mainly due to physical alterations in the brain. “Parkinson's disease fits into a group of conditions called motor system disorders, which are the result of the loss of dopamine-producing brain cells.” (Berger 2000). It is anticipated that twenty percent of people with Parkinson’s disease grow to be demented (Ibid). The regions of psychological activity that are essentially affected include, memory, verbal communication, visuo-spatial abilities, individuality and emotionality and cognition in the existence of comprehensible awareness. The psychological function of individuals with Parkinson’s dementia, characteristically depreciates over an interlude of two to ten years, but it also varies from individual to individual. Indications could go downhill when individuals with Parkinson’s dementia are encouraged to go to nursing facilities for the reason that, they usually have complexity in learning and recalling of new regulations and routines. Tribulations, for instance throbbing, shortness of inhalation, withholding of urine, and constipation, could lead to hallucination with hastily degeneration bewilderment. Other characteristics with people infected with Parkinson’s dementia include; confusion, problems doing normal everyday jobs, alterations in personality, upsetting or improper behaviour, memory failure, and difficulties in using language. Even though as soon as indicators transpire differs, classifying them as early, transitional, or late assists affected individuals, relatives, and caregivers have some clue of what to look forward to. Personality alterations and upsetting behaviour may perhaps develop early or late. Some individual’s with Parkinson’s dementia have convulsions, which is capable of showing up early or late. Individuals with Parkinson’s dementia characteristically have to a greater extent complicatedness doing the following; using good opinion, ruling and using the accurate word, comprehending language, and locating their way about and identification of where they placed things. Another characteristic is that they may have mood swings; this is, their emotions become unpredictable and swiftly toggling from cheerfulness to wretchedness. Others conceal their insufficiencies well; they may tag along conventional schedules at home and evade difficult activities for instance balancing a check book. As Parkinson’s dementia exacerbates, the existing dilemmas get worse and enlarge. Various individuals turn out to be short-tempered, nervous, self-absorbed, stubborn, or more effortlessly infuriated. Others happen to be more submissive, unresponsive, miserable, unable to make up their mind, or reserved. When alterations in their individuality or rational function are pointed out, some of them turn out to be aggressive or disturbed. For the reason that they are helpless of being in charge of their actions, they occasionally act unbecomingly or in an unruly way, for instance, screaming, hurling things, and thumping. These behaviour disorders due to Parkinson’s dementia may further include; operating in a social context tastelessly, for instance; if it’s hot, they may possibly strip off in open; and when engulfed with sexual desires, they can masturbate in a broad day light. As soon as Parkinson’s dementia presses forward, the brainpower function is more or less entirely shattered. Advanced Parkinson’s dementia hampers antagonistic operation of body muscles. This makes locomotion to be difficult, feeding, and performing of any other routines. The patients turn out to be absolutely reliant on others and sooner or later they become incapable of to getting out of bed. These Parkinson’s setbacks enhance the possibility of under nourishment, pneumonia, and pressure sores due to lack of movement. Death time and again results from diseases, for instance pneumonia. The Purpose, Aims and Objectives of the Plan: The purpose of the plan is to provide a community driven system that; is mutual supporting, encourages structuring up of vicinity incorporation, persuades improvement of neighbourhood competence for crisis-solving and self-representation, and encouragement of communal action to convey a community's preferences to the attention of Parkinson’s dementia. The objective is to present a comprehensive care plan that integrates a focused assortment of services and above all which incorporates physical and social environmental aspects to the rural Australian communities. The aim includes; creation of a safe and sound compassionate environment, which encourages sustained mental activity and community involvement, and a Parkinson’s dementia care plan that takes in the standards of perpetuation of formality and prerequisite of wellbeing. Personalities to be Involved and there Respective Duties: The people to be involved include; nurses who will be broadly responsible for dementia management; environmental management, this is safety; and family involvement promotion. Indeed their centre of attention shall be on the physical and psychological insufficiency of the patient. Therefore they will be frequently monitoring: the individual's mood, cognition; organization and general welfare; elements of depression; support them to take part in sensible exercises; recommend the patient to categorize judgment prior to talking and give confidence to them to apply facial expression and signs preferably to back with communication; and name boards and signboards next to the rooms, to minimize confusion. Social workers shall also be involved with responsibilities that include; recognizing suitable community resources , for instance Parkinson’s dementia groups, which shall present support, give a hand with setback solving, and assist the family to deal with the long-term trauma in caring for the patient; facilitate local communities to put forth control over the state of affairs that affect their and other people’s lives; and be the link between the care facility and the community. Ultimately psychological, psychiatric, medical, neurological, and dental specialists shall be involved to provide diagnosis measures, therapy and other technical know-how’s in their different areas of expertise and other functional services, that include; identification of definite requirements of the patient’s and their care’s happening from diversity, as well as, diet, gender, ethnicity, age, religion and individual concern. Lawyers shall be involved to request legitimate approval from individual’s with Parkinson’s dementia. This shall involve enlightening the individual of alternatives, and scrutinizing that he comprehends, that there is no intimidation. If the individual be deficient in the capacity to make a decision, the provisions of the other mental capacity acts must be tagged along. The community itself shall be also involved to provide voluntary services and to appreciate people with Parkinson’s dementia, in this way the patients would not feel stigmatised and isolated from the very own community they cherished. Strategies: The strategies shall include participatory approaches, partnerships, collaborations and training of trainees. These will encompass; planning and provision of care management/coordination within the current framework This shall entail: the synchronization of full evaluation, approving the care plan, arranging action to deliver services, and reviewing varying requirements within the framework of the particular evaluation course of action. Guarantying that the care plan toes on the line of evaluation of the individual with Parkinson’s dementia life history, social and family situation, and inclinations, in addition to their physical and psychological health necessitates and current level of performance and capabilities. Harmonized liberation of health and social care services to the patients. This shall engross: mutual care plan approved by health and social services that considers into account the varying requirements of the patient and the carers; approval of the care plan by community itself and formal reviews of the care plan, at a rate of recurrence granted with the expatriates concerned. All-inclusive training and development of; the nurses working with either older or young people with Parkinson’s dementia, social workers, other staff members and volunteers in areas that are consistent with their roles and responsibilities. These areas of training and development encompass; early, intermediate and advanced characteristics and symptoms indicative of Parkinson’s dementia; the disease history, development and diagnosis, and its impacts to the individuals infected, family and social arrangement; evaluation and pharmacological therapy as well as the control of prescription and monitoring of derivatives; consideration of self-esteem, , individualizing actions, being conscious to individuals' spiritual beliefs, religious and cultural distinctiveness; and the palliative care policy. Ascertaining that the settings are facilitated and give support to orientation. Particular, although not restricted, concentration shall be paid to: signage, colour schemes, floor coverings, garden design, lighting, assistive technology, and the entrée to and safety of the exterior surroundings. Another vital strategy shall be encouragement of social concept due to the fact that it will facilitate individuals with Parkinson’s dementia to ascertain and uphold relational networks. In this way they will attach to each other, build trust and reciprocity throughout comfortable, freely structured relations, and consolidate the community through altruism devoid of compulsion. This shall also in one way or the other promote the achievement of the goals and objectives of the care plan. Social capital has an effect on Parkinson’s behaviour in the logic that individuals who are rooted in a network or community well-to-do in support, norms, information, and social trust, have wherewithal’s that help accomplish health goals, for instance they could receive vital information, funds, or moral support one needs to undergo diagnosis or therapy and in the event recuperate. Social capital furthermore promotes societal conviction and association. These features can dishearten individuals from taking on in hazardous health actions for instance chain smoking and overindulgence in alcohol consumption. Identified Barriers to Increase the Likelihood of Achieving Goals: The barriers include; risk of mistreatment and disregard on the patients, for instance from the health and social care personnel’s supporting them, since the Parkinson’s dementia patients are vulnerable; lack of independence, as well as mobility; lack of involvement for non-cognitive symptoms that leads to them anguish; lack of staffs with adequate knowledge about people affected with Parkinson’s dementia; unwillingness of the rural communities to accept or partially accepting the care plan strategies; and lack of funds to set-off the project and maintaining it throughout. These barriers shall be overcome through, training and development of the health and social staff and encouraging them to abide by the local multi-agency policy on, adult protection or if not face the wrath of justice. The second barrier shall be overcome through evaluation at an early prospect to ascertain possible aspects that could cause, exacerbate or advance such behaviour, this include widespread assessment of; physical health; undetected pain or discomfort; derivatives of medication; psychosocial dynamics; physical environmental features; depression and behavioural and functional psychoanalysis carried out by professionals with detailed expertise’s, in combination with care workers. The rural community will be mobilized and sensitized thus making them aware, independent and self-sufficient in managing problems such as Parkinson’s dementia individuals. In this process the communities will be encouraged to contribute ideas, money, time, labour, materials and skills. To mobilize the community, they will be represented with the real benefits of the care plan, how together with them it is possible to achieve the care plan aims and objectives, and how without them it is impossible, and how their involvement is fundamental for continuous support of the care plan. The money to sustain the care plan could be lobbied from private individuals and families, or organizations, corporations and religious groups among others. Care Plan Support to Make Changes in Behaviour The care plan shall recognize, monitor and concentrate on environmental, physical health and psychosocial factors that could augment the possibility of inhibiting behaviour change, particularly cruelty and antagonism, and the possibility of injury to self or others. These aspects take account of: insufficient staff concentration; deprived communication involving the patient and staff; inconsistencies involving staff and carers; pathetic medical management; lack of activities and privacy; and overcrowding. To therefore effect behaviour change these factors shall be overcome through averting additional wear and tear or capitalizing on intensity of occupation by; granting tranquil environment, and eradication of inappropriate noise; establishing involvements formerly used or tried and assess efficiency; steer clear of testing irrational thinking since cynical reactions could result; persuade family members and the community at large to present in progress orientation or input that comprises of current news and family happenings, this is because, improved orientation certifies a greater degree of safety for the Parkinson’s dementia individual’s; retain reality-oriented correspondence or atmosphere, for instance., display personal items, and seasonal garlands, this inevitably enhances the patient capability to trust others. To reduce the logic of alienation the individual could experience a situation that is out of the ordinary, recognizable private belongings enhance the individual’s comfort level; support involvement in re-socialization assemblages, this increases the patients logic of self-determination and presents a chance for the individual to examine the effect of his/her behaviour has on those immediate to him/ her. It also eases the improvement of adequate social skills; granting the patients to recollect, this is to subsist in own certainty if not harmful to well-being; and provision of wellbeing measures for example, close supervision. Indeed if this are well planned and implemented the unbecoming behaviour of Parkinson’s dementia individuals could totally change for their well-being and the community at large. Monitoring and Evaluation of the Care Plan: For comprehensive results the patients will be undergoing monitoring in memory appraisal to assist in untimely recognition and ought to consist of, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation services. The monitoring shall also involve proper filing of the patients records that concern, history taking; cognitive and psychological condition inspection; physical assessment and other suitable analyses; and appraisal of prescription in turn to recognize and decrease use of drugs, as well as over-the-counter products, that may negatively impinge on cognitive performance. The monitoring is important in that it will help identify the strengths and weaknesses of the care plan and thus improve the quality of care plan. Evaluation shall be on-going and carried out in a participatory approach; this is, in away that shall involve both the care plan staff and beneficiaries in the evaluation process. The evaluators shall be both internal and external. The project achievements shall have been achieved if; the patient’s family members and the community at large will articulate appreciative of disease development or prognosis and patient’s requirements, recognize and participate in intrusions to compact successfully with state of affairs, and provide for maximal self-determination while gathering safety requirements of patient. Also the patient response to diagnostic assessments for instance, memory impairments, reality orientation, attention span, calculations shall be evaluated to demonstrate the care plan success. Another area that could be evaluated to exhibit the care plan success is test capacity to receive and convey effective communications; if the records show drastic improvement then the goals of the care plan will have been achieved. Other evaluation areas include; transforms in individual sanitation and behaviour; reaction to care takers or approachability to involvements, because a patient who has built trust in the care taker will confide in him or her pinning issues; and establishment of nervousness level proportionate to circumstances, for instance confusion, hence the lesser the nervousness the positive the success of the care plan. Conclusion: Thus if the here in stated strategies are implemented then the care plan for individual’s with Parkinson’s dementia will be a problem long solved in the rural Australian communities. Reference: Berger, K, Breteler, MM, & Helmer C 2000, “Prognosis with Parkinson’s disease in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurological Diseases in the Elderly Research Group,” Neurology, vol.54 no. 24. Read More