King's Interacting Systems Theory, Systems Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment in Nursing - Case Study Example

Running Head: Theory, Plan Implementation and Evaluation Theory, Plan Implementation and Evaluation [Writer Name] [University Name] Abstract The research provides an overview of the Goal attainment theory by King and how you utilize it in practical life. Research work also focuses on the plan implementation and final evaluation of the plan. The barriers or challenges to implementing this plan. The research is basically emphasizes on the Nursing theory given by different researchers. The way the model implemented in the practical life is essential to know in the life span of an individual. Introduction Imogene M. King gave a theory of goal attainment. It is generally accepted that this theory is the general system framework which focuses on three levels of system -- individual or personal, group or interpersonal, and society or social. The theory emphasis on the ways the person manage himself in the outer world or inside that related to his personal cognation, feels etc. Paradigm, interpersonal communications, as well as intrapersonal, self image, development, time and personal space all comes under the theory. “An individual’s perceptions of self, of body image, of time and space influence the way he or she responds to persons, objects, and events in his or her life. As individuals grow and develop through the life span, experiences with changes in structure and function of their bodies over time influence their perceptions of self” (King, 1981, p. 19). All these ways or factors influences personally in building or achieving certain goals. King in his theory explains that in the case of nurse and a client, they both meet to attain certain goal. They both exchange the information and knowledge required at that situation. Then they both started working together for the specific reason. They meet to achieve the goals which set in both the minds. The goals are mutually set by or selected by both the parties and the research speaks that those goals are more likely to be attained. The example of nurse is more conceptual and practical. Many researchers describe the theory through the nursing prospective. The nurses are more respectable as wouldn’t see the cultural differences they just have the same goal as the patient have in his mind. “King’s basic assumption maintained that nursing is a process that involves caring for human beings with health being the ultimate goal” (Torres, 1986) Fawcett “Conceptual Model are made up of concepts, which are words describing mental images of phenomena, and preposition, which are statements expressing the relations between concepts. A conceptual model therefore is designed as a set of concepts and the statement that integrate them into meaningful configuration” (Fawcett 1984 pg. 2) Conceptual models describe the concepts of different mental processes which have the relation between different concepts; therefore it is a collection of concepts and the statements that can combine them in to a meaningful order. Meleis in 1997 has taken broader view and elaborate this theory, Melei’s brought down the theories in to ideas then models. According to melei a model can be made from the theories but they are not the theory themselves. Fawcett in 1992 and 1995 define the at least seven conceptual models are used in contemporary nursing practices they are Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral system model, Imogene kings system framework, Myra Levine’s concentration model, betty Neuman’s Systems model, Dorothea Orema’s self-care framework, Martha Rogers, Science of unitary human being and Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model. Although American theory writers do not accept non American conceptual structure but in this model the author follow the Fawcett’s definition of conceptual framework. Fawcett Evaluation Criteria Fawcett gives the new conceptual nursing model that Discuss components of the structural hierarchy of contemporary nursing knowledge, such as the metaparadigm, theories, and empirical indicators, and outlines conceptual models such as King's General Systems Framework. Fawcett continuously criticize that conceptual model is not a theory. She extended the knowledge of program evaluation in regard to nursing. It focuses on the five steps. The theory says that the effectiveness and efficiency makes the individual to attain his goals easily. It includes the result of individual’s health due to the effectiveness of the nurse. The more effective the nurse is the early the outcomes will be positive. Due to the complete dedication of the nurse. The efficiency increases if the nurse delivery system is appropriate. The effectiveness and efficiency of health care delivery system in the work place includes in the five step of the nursing theory by Fawcett. The equities provided to the nurse for accessing and using in the work place plays an important part for efficient nursing practice delivery systems. Model for Nursing Different views and concepts had been given by the different theorist in the past. Some carried concepts and some carried theory based on the nursing theory. Similarities in the views were pretend as a general concept and had been adopted. Now so many theories have been introduced regard to the concepts that the question has raised that which knowledge should have to be developed and practice. “The multiplicity of views about these concepts, and the paucity in their systematic development, now raise question about the utility in providing the discipline with a coherent definition and direction for knowledge development.” (Meleis and Trangenstein 1994) Since many theorist are working on the theory but the first British model of nursing was in progress in 1970. Nancy Roper was the first to realize this theory and put it into a research work till 1974. This research creates a need of clinical experience during nursing education. The basic idea was to change the concept from traditional way to the medical model. With out the use of the conceptual frame work it is not possible to carry out the nursing process. The model of nursing was based on the model of living. It links the nurses with living ponder that the health of the individual is based on the way of the living that they have adopted. People need’s for nursing is only for the short period of time and a slowly disturbance in their life style is the goal of nursing. In models the vital concept is the activities of life and this gave the concept of complex process of living which can give the clear idea of the model. The activities of living include maintaining a safe environment, Communicating, Breathing, Eating and drinking, Mobilizing etc. Virginia Henderson’s called nursing the activities. There need are basic and can be explain easily. The patients’ problems can be actual and potential. The factors influencing the activities of life are biological, psychological’ sociological cultural, environmental and politico environment. These factors provide a model for taking full account of circumstances. The concept of dependent has been used for a long in nursing. It conceptualizes on the status of the patient. These four concepts are taken together to make one in which they move through interacting stages involve assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating. The philosophy of nursing is that the patient client should be more focused on abilities, activities, deficiencies and norms. The implementation of the theory is not as much in the medical field. Its application in practice has been less experience in the life. Jukes (1988) similarly found that nursing model is mostly seen as a “classroom”. Conclusion The research work concluded that theory given by King is practical but the way Fawcett explain the theory is much wider and leave the space to think and research over the theory. So as modern theories she explains in empirical way, ethical way, personal way, and aesthetic way. Fawcett emphasize that the nursing model is not a theory. She fits different theories in her study and also takes the Goal Attainment theory by king in his studies. References Systems Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment: Imogene M. King http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_george_nurstheory_5/0,2535,88663-,00.html Accessed May 27, 2006 Imogene King's Interacting Systems Theory - Application in Emergency and Rural Nursing http://www.rno.org/journal/issues/Vol-2/issue-1/Williams.htm Accessed May 27, 2006 Nur 433 nursing theory Imogene king http://www.muw.edu/nursing/tupelo/NU433KING'S.htm Accessed May 27, 2006 Jacqueline Fawcett, Jean Watson, Betty Neuman, Patricia Hinton Walker, Joyce J. and Fitzpatrick. On Nursing Theories and Evidence. Journal of nursing scholarship, 2001; 33:2, 115-119 (Publication date not available) Journal of nursing scholarship, 2001; 33:2, 115-119. Christopher T.R.B. Joseph. Evaluation of the B.C strategic land- use plan Implementation flame work. University Of Victoria 1998 Nurseing theory and concept development or analysis by Alison J. Tierney , The university of Edinburg, 40 George Square Edinburg EH8 9ll, Scotland. Journal Of Advance Nursing Studies, 1998, 28(1), 77-85 Read More