Factors Affecting Access to Healthcare - Essay Example

The Kayia case: understanding access to healthcare Introduction The process of facilitating access entails the activities concerned with assisting the people in the locality to command appropriate health care resources and facilities to improve their health and wellbeing. Access to healthcare assistance is a complex conceptual activity, which requires evaluation (Dupont, 2004). The availability of the services and resources and their adequacy of supply facilitate the first concept of evaluating the factors of access to health care services for the population or person in question. Other factors of consideration in attending to the subject of access to healthcare services is the financial, organisational and social or cultural barriers that may act as limiting barriers to the utilisation and access of health care services. Thus, the case in study in the course of this research discourse is to evaluate and understand the factor of stress in determining behavioural changes and entire behaviour of a young girl called Kayia. The nurse in practice has a significant role to facilitate access to healthcare and the delivery of the services in a holistic view (Flood, 2010). The case of understanding distresses that exist within a patient or client and providing means of addressing these limiting factors to health care is among the roles that the practicing nurse should facilitate in the process of availing access to healthcare (Palaiologou, 2009). In understanding a given case as the limiting factors may apply, it is essential to incorporate the social, health and behavioural sciences theories as they influence the case of the selected individual, in this case, the child Kayia. Background description The healthcare process entails a wholesome coverage of the potential limiting factors, which are determinant to the health of every individual in the community. To address the course of this case, it incorporates understanding the entire concept of the case rather than treating the case of the symptoms of the patient as an isolated case. Kayia as a child had a normal early childhood development. She developed initially under the consistent positive health coverage, behaving accordingly in manner of healthy wellbeing. However, changes in the setting and system of her home as the community around her life caused her to develop rather intrinsic and worrying trends of personal behaviour. The significance of the case of Kayia bases on the entirety of understanding the cause of the condition and sudden change in behaviour as compared to the usual activities of treating the symptoms of the case. This understanding is not commonly a component of the physical symptoms that relate to the care, but rather is an understanding of the holistic approaches to the patient (Lindon, 2012). It also incorporates facilitating an established and effective plan of engagement that will benefit the course of the underlying issues that relate to the symptoms and case. After evaluating and understanding the case, this case study will facilitate the development of the theoretical interpretations of the likely health, social and behavioural theories as they relate to the case of the patient, Kayia. Additionally, the course of the case study also features the elements constituting the case symptoms and the elemental theories applicable to the case. The complexity of the society as it exists today is a leading factor to the course of development in the lives of the children of this society (Davenport, 2011). The children in most cultural settings belong to the community and the entire family at large rather than the individual parents of the child. However, the changing society continues to reflect and influence the procedures and techniques of upbringing children. Technology and other resultant elements such as growing independence and social structure factors of change continue to influence the perception of the family as seen from the children perspective (Grych & Fincham, 2013). Kayia is a case of such developments in the society, which are influencing the course of their children development including setting of lifestyle changes, which affect the personal development of the child. Kayia is a case of the modern society in which children are experiencing widespread amount of stress and fear due to the factors they get exposure to in the course of their development. Children face significant amount of stress form their younger ages due to exposure to scenarios where they encounter changing and dynamic developments, which drastically influence their personal behaviour. The course of the stress to date also incorporates the stress chemical aspects, which result even in the womb of the mother. Such stress chemicals include the factors of adrenaline and cortisol, which cross over to the child in the procession of the involvements (Levene, 2007). As the child develops, the factor influences the mental and physical health remarkably, which reflect in the biological processes of the child (Brain & Mukherji, 2005). The young children experience significant amounts of stress factors, which result from elemental developments, which reflect, in the physical developments of the children. Statistics in the UK from the National Statistics office indicates that 20% of children in the country, aged between five and 16 years depict recognised mental stresses (Santer, Griffiths & Goodall, 2007). In this number, about 12% suffer anxiety and depression. Additionally, it is notable that in the last 20 years, the percentage of children in families with both parents decreased from 85% to 57%, with an increase in divorce and separation to about 49% (Santer et al., 2007). Such statistics indicate the exposure of the children to aspects of anxiety that result from separated families, stepparents and absent parents. Moreover, children with stress disorders exhibit the signs from withdrawal at school and homes to adopting various unbecoming behaviours (Santer et al., 2007). The leading stress factors, which produce the stress in the children today include factors such as disrupted homes, blended families and both parents being absent from home. This constitutes the course of this case as Kayia suffers from factors relating to the family setting affecting her development. Additionally, other cases, which cause the stressing factors in the development of the children, incorporate the increased cases of exposure to violence, which occurs at the levels of the physical interactions, as well as, the things they encounter on the screens. The excessive exposure on the screen and the factors of overscheduled management of their time constitutes a significant stress factor (Doherty & Hughes, 2009). Another notable cause of stress in the children is the factor of feeling pressure to deliver and forcing them to behave beyond their abilities. This is the leading stressing element in the homes today as all people engaged and relating to the child have expectations on the child. This factor leads to the element of the children facing challenges with accepting themselves and their natural existence (Berezin & Solórzano, 2014). This element of stress in the children can extensively affect their emotional and self-esteem establishment. The elemental consideration also incorporate additional leading factors, which need review to cover fully the context of the case of Kayia. These external stressing elements also are essential in developing the holistic approach to manage the challenge of child development behaviour, which result from stressing factors in their home settings. The additional symptoms related in the case also incorporate the stress factors, which affect the course of the development. The course of the development of the children reflects accordingly the various elements as they relate to the case management. The symptoms relate to the case as the child in question suffers from factors, which incorporate those defined in the case, as well as, additional elements which relate to such cases in the community and the entire healthcare access process. The factors in the reflection of the case also include those elements reflecting in the academic life of the children, such children as that they suffer stress will reflect deteriorating performance in their academic life, as well as, dwindling physical appearance (Chambers, 2012). These effects that reflect from the withdrawal cases affecting the children. Additionally, the children also feel the pressure under the course of the judgment and evaluation from their peers and those near their daily lives. The life of the case study child, Kayia reflects the symptoms of judgement and evaluation by those within the home setting as they affect her development. The condescending fears of the future of her life could also be leading factors of consideration to element of addressing the health needs of the patient. The case of the activities and happenings in the home setting that threaten the esteem of Kayia remain the leading elements of consideration in the course of this study. Thus, the symptoms witnessed, in which Kayia is withdrawing and exhibiting bed-wetting symptoms could be a factor of all these elements which result in pressure and stress in her life. To develop the understanding of the case and its management strategies for the case, there are various elemental theories and practical understanding of the case in question although most focus on the symptom rather than the entirety of the case. Thus, from a practicing nurse perspective, access to health care remains key and only feasible solution to the case. Emotional theories approaches relating to Kayia case Understanding the emotions of the children and the development of her systems of handling the stress entails a significant and notable case for developing the course of this case study. The emotions of a child reflect in the elemental factors of understanding how the stressing factors affect the child development process. The evaluation of the case of Kayia from the emotional perspective is key to understanding the physical symptoms as she is exhibiting. The course of stress results from three key steps that is the stimulus, the response and the process. In this case, the stimulus refers to the factor causing the stress, which emanate from a myriad of activities and elements happening in the life of the child. Kayia is undergoing significant stressing stimulus at her home setting, which reflect and impact her emotional constitution. For instance, the changes in the life of her mother are notable to her development impact. The child from early period has a significant connection and attachment emotionally to the mother (Santer et al., 2007). Thus, Kayia lacks this notable connection, which further aggravates in the case that she is having an unstable family setting. This reflects remarkably in the development of the child as she lacks the connection with the mother. Further, this unstable family setting of the parent which is causing disconnect to the child development is leading in the stressing factors in the life of Kayia. Another related factor, which could be a leading stimulus to the stress in the emotional life of Kayia, is the family course where she lives with her grandparent and uncle. This setting means that she lacks the attachment to the family affecting her emotional establishment and stability. Kayia lacks the family background, which facilitates the process of development, which is a leading stimulant to the case she suffers. This applies accordingly as she lacks the platform from which to gain access to healthcare facility and resources, which would easily address her case. The response level entails the physiological and psychological behaviour exhibited by the child in the course of the distress (Rosen, Morman & Fee, 2013). In this case, Kayia displays a remarkably visible response to the case as she suffers. She begins bed-wetting, which is unlikely of her. Further, her withdrawal aspects also reflect in her response, which is worse in other cases of such children who may not have access to resources for healthcare. Thus, Kayia needs a process management strategy, which will reflect her case from the causative factors rather than trying to treat her response symptom, which is bed-wetting. The final step in this theory of emotions is the process, which entails the interactions of the person and environment. The process entails the active side of the stressing factors, which may lead to the further distress of the person. In this course, Kayia is undergoing the process, which will determine her recovery process, or the impact the stimulus of her emotional development may affect her completely. Thus, it is essential to develop the case from understanding the potential elements of her social setting, which inhibit her access to assistance from a professional perspective. Potential sociological issues relating to the case Child neglect is a leading factor of course in the case reflecting the suffering as Kayia is experiencing. The home setting in this case is the example of the theoretical frameworks of the case in question. Efforts to target the case of Kayia need clear understanding of the family setting as it affect her development. The institution of the constitutional confines defining the course of healthcare and access to care for children improved the factors of addressing child neglect. The case of Kayia reflects a significant case of negligence towards the personal needs of the child. Kayia needs the care of her mother of which she lacks access. Further, in the home setting where she lives with the uncle and the grandparents, she faces challenges in expressing her concerns as she exhibits detachment from the family setting. The environment within which she lives has a series of disconnect which reflect accordingly in her personal development. This is challenging to the course of developing a treatment plan for her proper recovery process. Further, the setting within which she exists is key to the establishment of a recovery plan for management of her case. The home setting reflects her case as having remarkable challenges of her psychological and emotional development. The discourse in this study reflect that it requires the significant and notable elements of development framework that addresses the necessity of the plan for care of the developing children exposed to such emotional distressing factors. Addressing the case from a nurse perspective The effective principles of preventing and intervening in the process entails the efforts that will target the factors of establishing negligence and recurrence programs which have individualized systems for multiple care services (Jonker & Hamrin, 2013). The context of these interventions entails the ecological development framework, which entails the systems that facilitate protective factors to the child at the multiple levels of access to care. For instance, to develop the affordable and easy access to care is key in establishing the procedural elements required to facilitate such care within the nursing and hospital settings (Obrien, 2004). The UK established the Children Act, as well as, Health Act, which seek to advance the protection of the children in the country (Fortin, 2009). The guiding principles in these policies entail cooperating to safeguard the children, protection from sexual and domestic abuse and provision of specialised healthcare programs to address health needs of the children. The government also established organisations and initiatives to spread awareness in the population to alleviate stigmatization of children suffering mental distress (Fortin, 2009). This helped in pushing the parents to seek health assistance for their children including professional counselling. Such awareness initiatives are key to the care for children such as Kayia, to help her seek assistance. Further, in establishing an intervention plan, this case of Kayia requires a clear and consistent understanding of the significance of an outreach to community program, which will service the purpose of addressing the care needs of such patients as Kayia. In this case, the case reflects the modern day society in which families are disengaging in the processes and activities involved in caring for the young people under their care. The families continue to experience disconnect due to challenges that relate to social isolation and lack of or inadequate access to resources and information (Chambers, 2012). Therefore, for this reason, as a practicing nurse it is elemental to establish an intervention plan which factors an aggressive outreach program designed to mobilize the community and create a concrete formal platform for the people to access resources relating to healthcare (Richman, 2010). It is observable that in the offices within the hospital or such existent care programs, the professionals facilitate counselling services to the clients, which at a larger extent continue to prove rather ineffective in application to the family experiences of neglect and maltreatment to the children. Therefore, the procedural approach to apply in this context as relates to the case of Kayia is to incorporate the community as a unit in the care of the children who constitute the future of such families. The course of the community intervention program as instituted with the care process will incorporate the conceptualisation of the care needs of the people in question (Stallard, Velleman & Baldwin, 2008). In the example relating to the case of Kayia, the care intervention plan will involve the entire context of the community setting as reflects in the developments. For instance, she suffers disconnect and distancing experiences which could also be facilitating horrifying experiences of maltreatment by the family members such as the uncle. The exposure of the children to these factors creates a sense of emotional distress, which affects the psychological and physiological development of the child (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2010). Therefore, understanding these factors, the intervention incorporating the community as a platform for addressing the care will help the families to adopt positive and effective means of preventing such occurrences, which influence the development of the children under their care. Additionally, in the case of Kayia, the simple procedure and course of action would be treating the physical symptoms, that are her distress and bed-wetting. However, it is notable that understanding her condition from the perspective of a well-evaluated process is key to addressing the case effectively. Naturally, the professional counsellor or community social worker would easily address the case from the symptoms (Feldman, 2010). However, this case is a reflection of other underlying factors, which influence the course of her development. Therefore, approaching this case from multispectral perspective of the entire cases of are for such children, it is essential to establish a procedure for carrying a comprehensive assessment of the family. Caseworkers conduct procedural activities to determine the neglect as it occurs contributing to the child behaviour, which is unlikely of a well-being (Evans et al., 2013). The parents that have some unbecoming behaviours such as substance abuse, violence and unstable relations are key to leading causes of distress to their children (Martin, 2011). Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the case incorporates evaluating the case in the course of the study to establish and ascertain all the elements concerned with the child case (Pryor & Rodgers, 2011). Therefore, comprehensive family assessment as an approach to the child is to establish such program of evaluating and assessing the case as a nurse practitioner to gain position to address the case effectively. Further, in addressing the case from the professional understanding as a nurse, it is essential to establish working alliance with the family (Funnell et al, 2008). In the case of Kayia, a working partnership would incorporate a comprehensive incorporation of the significant principles of caregivers to facilitate in addressing the needs of the child as she is growing. The family constitutes a key contributing factor to the success of the recovery plan for such children (Fortin, 2009). Therefore, this working partnership will also incorporate the establishment and utilisation if an empowerment based practice, in which empowering the family and community within which the child lives is key to her recovery. Emphasizing family strengths and cultural competencies are essential in addressing the risk factors for the child to help in addressing her needs and the case she suffers. Therefore, appropriateness and elemental success of the child is key in the development of the child wellbeing. Conclusion The case of Kayia reflects the need to understand the family development from the effects of the behaviour of the people around the child during her development. Children as they develop emotionally from the various factors and activities happening in their lives (Mooney, 2013). This determination implies that it is essential for family caregivers to establish the setting of the child to develop and facilitate access to quality and effective care resources and programs (Barnes, 2008). As a nursing professional developing care-giving programs for the children is key to the essentials of caring for the children as they develop within the society (Keenan, 2010). The modern society faces a myriad of such challenging cases as Kayia due to aspects of broken families or single parenthood among other factors. Thus, this case is key to developing care programs to lead the recovery process and prevent further such cases, which influence the life of the children as they develop. 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