Abortion Vs Surgical Abortion - Essay Example

Contribute To the Care of Mothers and Babies By Location What is Oogenesis? Refers to the process whereby the ovaries produce the ovum or rather the female gametes.2) What is estrogen?This is the name given collectively to the hormones produced by woman’s ovaries. The hormones are responsible for the maturity of the female body and its characteristics.3) Define amenorrhoeaThis is a term used medically to refer to a situation of lack of menstrual period within the reproductive age of a woman.

Lack of menstrual period can occur during lactation (Anon 2015).4) Define dysmenorrhoea?Refers to a condition whereby a woman experiences difficulties and pain during menstruation. 5) What is dyspareunia?Dyspareunia is a condition that can affect both the male and the female whereby an individual feels pain during and after sexual intercourse (Mayoclinic.org 2015).6) What is the gestation?It is the period of development in the womb between conception and birth. Gestation period in human is nine months.7) What is Gravida?

Gravid is the term used medically to describe the number of times a woman has been pregnant. The term can be used regardless of whether the pregnancy was carried to maturity or a misconception occurred.8) Define parity?Parity is used to indicate the number of time a woman has given birth to a 24 week or more gestation period (Merriam-webster.com 2015).Stillbirth Refers to a situation whereby a woman gives birth to a baby with no signs of life within and after the 24 weeks gestation period.9) TerminationTermination refers to the medical procedures undertaken to bring a pregnancy to an end and thus avoid birth of the baby.

Surgical abortion is a termination technique whereby the doctor uses a suction mechanism to remove blood and pregnancy from the uterine wall. On the other hand, medical abortion refers to the use of drugs (methotrexate) to stop the growth of the pregnancy and contraction of the uterine wall to remove the contents.10) What is the viabilityRefers to a stage in pregnancy whereby there is a high chance of survival of the baby after birth described by a majority of the doctors as after 24 weeks.11) Identify what an Embryo is?

An embryo is humans refer to the pregnancy development from the time of fertilization to the eighth week of the gestation period (MedicineNet 2015).12) What is a placenta?A placenta is an organ flattened-circular in shape found in the uterus of a pregnant woman used to nourish and to maintain the fetus through the umbilical cord.13) What is a fetus?Fetus refers to a developed embryo that shows most of the features of a mature being. In humans, the embryo can be termed as fetus eight weeks after conception.14) Define a trimester?

The term is used medically to describe the divisions of the gestation period in human. A trimester is usually three months.15) Ten signs of pregnancyi) Frequent urination- common among many women is due to hormones during early stage and increase of the uterus later on during pregnancy.ii) Enlarged breasts- during pregnancy, the body increases fat reserves in the breasts and also increase in size if the milk glands.iii) Itching- common after several weeks of pregnancy around the abdomen and breasts due to stretching of the skin.iv) Constipation- occurs due to various reasons but mainly due to increased water absorption rate by the intestines.v) High-frequency heartburn- occurs due to increased level of progesterone relaxing the sphincter muscles allowing the gastric acid up the throat.vi) All-day sickness- many individuals term this as morning sickness, but the discomfort can continue all day long.

Acid build causes it up through the night.vii) Exhaustion- the numerous changes that take place especially due to the hormones produced during pregnancy.viii) Missed period- After fertilization, hormonal changes kicks in which leads to stoppage of the menstrual cycle thus stoppage of the bleeding.ix) Cravings and altered smell- this is caused by the sudden increase in estrogen levels and the body demanding certain minerals during pregnancy.x) Mood swings- occur all through the pregnancy and are due to increased level of hormones that affect the neurotransmitters in the brain.16) How is a pregnancy confirmed, elaborate?

There are several ways of determining whether one is pregnant. Blood test is the most reliable test during the earliest stages of pregnancy. Blood tests reveal pregnancy hormones in the blood stream such as the chorionic gonadotrophin. Urine test can also be conducted at home with high accuracy of the instructions (Choi 2010).17) What is estimation date of delivery?It refers to the predictions by professionals on the expected day of delivery of a pregnant woman (Choi 2010).18) Signs of approaching birth.i) Baby drops- the woman feels as if the baby has dropped to a lower pelvic regionii) Strong, frequent contractions- the frequency at which the uterus contracts increases in preparation for the final contraction during delivery.iii) Her water breaks- the amniotic fluid that protects the baby in the uterus is released through the vagina.iv) Cramping and pain in the lower back- muscles of the pelvic region with the hormonal changes cause the pain.

(Sobh 2011)19) Difference between a true versus false laborFalse labor is characterized by irregular contractions from as early as four months of pregnancy while true labor is characterized by regular contractions that do not stop despite movement r change of position.20) What is a contractionContractions refer to the sequential shortening of the muscles of the uterine wall before and during a child birth. The contractions aid in the pushing of the baby during birth (Briggs 2005).21) What is rupturing of membranesThis refers to the rupturing of the membrane of the amniotic sac holding the baby just before birth. 22) Four stages of labori) Effacement and cervix dilation- the contraction aids in the thinning of the cervix and thus dilating in preparation for the delivery of the baby.ii) Baby movement through the birth canal- this stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated with the contractions pushing the baby through the birth canal exerting intense pressure.iii) Afterbirth- after the baby is out, the contractions of the uterus continues until the placenta is pushed out of the uterus.iv) Recovery-characterized by the joy of seeing the newborn and holding the baby maybe even breastfeeding the baby.

(Wade 2012)23) What is an episiotomy?This refers to a surgical cut made at the vaginal opening during difficult delivery to aid in preventing rupture of the tissue (Zeavin 2011).24) three types of deliveriesi) Natural birth- refers to the type of birth that is not aided by a powerful medication as a pain reliever.ii) Medicated Childbirth- this type of childbirth refers to the use of medication with the intention to eliminate birth and labor pains.iii) Analgesics birth- refers to the use of strong analgesics pain relievers during childbirth.

Most a times, the analgesics are administered through a drip into the vein (Briggs 2005).25) What is a fundal?Known as the Fundal height it is the distance in centimeters from the pubic bone to the top part of the uterus (Martini 2012).26) What is a perineum?This is the region between the anus and scrotum in male and between anus and vulva in women (Martini 2012).27) What is the Apgar score?This is assessment employed by professionals to determine whether the newborn is safe enough to survive the outside environment without further medical assistance.

The score is determined after consideration of several factors such as the heart rate, skin color, respiratory effort, and reflex irritability.28) What is a fontanelle?The term is used in relation to infant referring to the space between the skull where ossification is incomplete thus sutures not fully formed (Martini 2012).29) What is meconium?When a child is born, the first feces are formed by a green substance known as meconium (KoutoukidisG 2013). 30) What is premature?A situation whereby the baby is born before the full gestation period is over.

Commonly occurs three or more weeks before the gestation period is over.31) What is Konakion?It is a substance administered to infants with blood clotting problems caused by the lack of vitamin K.ReferencesAnon, (2015). [online] Available at: http://cks.nice.org.uk/amenorrhoea [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].Briggs, G., Freeman, R. and Yaffe, S. (2005). Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Lee, H., Subeh, M. and Gould, J. (2010). Low Apgar score and mortality in extremely preterm neonates born in the United States.

 Acta Paediatrica, 99(12), pp.1785-1789.Martini, F., Timmons, M. and Tallitsch, R. (2012). Human anatomy. Boston: Pearson Benjamin Cummings.Mayoclinic.org, (2015). Painful intercourse (dyspareunia) Definition - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/painful-intercourse/basics/definition/con-20033293 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].MedicineNet, (2015). Embryo. [online] Available at: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3225 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].Merriam-webster.

com, (2015). parity | the quality or state of being equal or equivalent. [online] Available at: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parity [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].Newhealthguide.org, (2015). Gravida vs. Para | New Health Guide. [online] Available at: http://www.newhealthguide.org/Gravida-Vs-Para.html [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].Sparknotes.com, (2015). SparkNotes: SAT Subject Test: Biology: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis. [online] Available at: http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/chapter7section2.

rhtml [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].Wade, J. (2012). False Labor - American Pregnancy Association. [online] American Pregnancy Association. Available at: http://americanpregnancy.org/labor-and-birth/false-labor/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].KoutoukidisG , Stainton K and Hughson J (2013) Tabbner’s Nursing Care Theory and Practice 6th Ed., Elsevier, AustraliaChoi, H., Möstl, E. and Bamberg, E. (2010). Confirmation of Pregnancy in Mares by Enzyme Immunoassay of Oestrogens in Faeces.Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A, 32(1-10), pp.760-763.Murkoff, H.

and Mazel, S. (2008). What to expect when youre expecting. New York: Workman Pub.Sobh, R. (2011). Approaching what we hope for and avoiding what we fear: A study of women’s concern with visible signs of skin aging.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 19(2), pp.122-130.Van Hollen, C. (2013). Birth in the age of AIDS. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.Zeavin, L. (2011). What About the Episiotomy? A Response to Katie Gentiles Article, “What About the Baby?”. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 12(1), pp.59-64.