Metabolic Syndrome - Assignment Example

Metabolic Syndrome due: Concept map Genetic factors, poor diet, inadequate exercise Adipose cell enlargement & infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue Release of proinflammatory cytokinesAdipose tissue dysfunction & insulin resistance Inadequate insulin production & beta cell dysfunction Obesity related insulin resistance Increase in free fatty acid levels & changes in insulin distributionAbnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin signaling, improved glucose disposal, proinflammatory cytokines The symptoms presented by the patient reveal that he is suffering from Metabolic Syndrome.

Diagnosis of this condition was based on his laboratory exam results and family history. Symptoms of the patient reveal that the condition is commencing at his present age. According to McCance and Huther (2006), individuals suffering from metabolic syndrome are overweight, hyperinsulinemia, hypertensive, and dyslipidemic (p. 7009). The mentioned symptoms are presented by the patient in this given case study. In this case, the patient contained metabolic syndrome, which is generally asymptomatic prior to symptoms of elevated blood sugar levels and a high LDL cholesterol level.

According to the symptoms displayed by the patient, he has a positive diagnosis of metabolic syndrome; evident from a high fasting blood glucose levels of 140. According to Brasher (2006), this entails a long period of insulin resistance and early postprandial hyperglycemia. Thus, this increases the risk factors for health problems in this case such as diabetes. In addition, insulin resistance is connected to overweight. History questions or physical exam aspects that might help support the diagnosisIn this case, the patient presents several risk factors for the condition.

They include a large waistline, low HDL cholesterol level of 36, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar of 140. However, additional questions are helpful in comprehending rationale of the disease process; as well as its clinical presentation. These questions include nutritional patterns, lifestyle (smoking), physical activities done, race, any changes in visual acuity or retinal abnormalities, delayed wound healing, any past or recent infections of the skin (for instance yeast skin rashes) and urinary tract infections.

Physical examination aspects involve a comprehensive assessment so as to determine a diagnosis. Examples of physical examination entail the following: numbness or tingling sensation and decreased sensory of the feet, skin examination, and waistline measurement. Moreover, blood tests are vital in diagnosing this condition. Examples include collection of blood urea nitrogen has to be done in proper evaluation of the kidney function, as well as triglyceride level examination (McCance and Huther, 2014).

ManagementProper management for this condition begins with prevention of the disease. Prevention will be based on directly influencing the development and reversal of insulin resistance and B-cell dysfunction. Metabolic syndrome is in the increase due to an elevation in obesity rates. In this case, the patient has experienced weight gain while in grad school. Proper management for this condition must commence with lifestyle changes, as this will control the condition. Lifestyle changes will include losing weight (via weight loss plan, to lower the BMI to be less than 25), being physically active (enrolling at a gymnasium, jogging), following a healthy diet plan (consuming fresh vegetables and fruits; half plate filling mostly and eating lean meats, preparing foods with less sodium/ salt, avoid sugary drinks, and limiting the excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates i.e. sweets, alcohol, snacks), and quitting smoking (if the patient smokes).

Since the patient wants to do anything to change his current medical condition without taking medication; the mentioned changes will do just fine (Byrne & Wild, 2011). As per the case study, the condition is just commencing, thus changing the lifestyle will be just fine for the patient (Brasher, 2006). Although, lifestyle changes may not be enough based on the condition, prescription medications essential in controlling the risk factors may be used. They include low HDL cholesterol (niacin), high blood sugar (metformin), elevated LDL-Cholesterol levels (Statins) and high triglyceride (niacin, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids).

ReferencesBrashers, V. L. (2006). Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In Clinical application of pathophysiology: An evidence-based approach (3rd ed.). Saint Louis, MO: Elsevier-Mosby.Byrne, C. D., & Wild, S. H. (2011). The metabolic syndrome. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2006).Alterations of hormonal regulation. In Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (Fifth ed.). Saint Louis, MO: Mosby-Elsevier.In McCance, K. L., & In Huether, S. E. (2014).

 Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for diseasein adults and children.