Planning Care: the Process of Providing Professional Healthcare - Essay Example

? Planning Care Planning Care Nursing refers to the process of providing professional healthcare mainly on taking care of people, families and societies in the focus of that they maintain attain or recover from health complications and maintenance of the quality of life from the time of conception to death (Alligood and Tomey, 2002). Nurses conduct their activities in a wide variety of specialties working as independent individuals also being part of a working team to plan, implement and evaluate nursing care. A nursing care plan refers to the part of the nursing process which clearly outlines the main plan of action to be implemented in nursing and medical care of a specific patient. Various nursing care plans can be applied in the health care of a patient but selection on which plan to use can be best stated according to the type of medical conditions of the patient or type of health care conditions requested for. Patient’s introduction Mrs. Mary johns is 72 years old woman admitted at the health care facility after suffering a stroke at her home. She lives with her 45 years old daughter. The patient brought in by the daughter after resuscitation after suffering a minor stroke. The daughter being the only member of the family and has to work long hour shifts to support her mother fears for life and well being of the mother. This prompted her to check in the mother at the facility for more investigations and better care as she recovers as opposed to staying at home alone as the daughter goes to work. Apart from the daughter signing her mother in at the facility, the mother is fully responsive, and she also mutually agreed to be brought into care it the facility. The condition and agreement is to investigate the sole cause of the minor stroke and nurture her back to her normal health condition prior to the stroke (Taylor and Lillis, 2001). Orem self care model This is a self care deficit theory proposed by Orem in self care providence, and it is a combination of the theory of self care, self care deficit, and nursing systems. In the theory, of self care it details self care as the activities carried out by an individual to maintain their self health condition. While self care agency refers to the acquired to perform an individual’s self care self care activities and highly determined by various basic conditions such as the individual’s family system, age and health care system among others (George, 2000). The third Orem’s theory of self care is the therapeutic, self care demand. This is the totality of all the self care measures required for such an individual. The carrying out of self care is to ensure the fulfillment of the self care requisites of which there are three main types of self care requisites such as developmental, universal and deviation self care requisites. Through a full assessment, of the patient by the health care giver the deficit identified. Upon this identification, of the deficit or need, the nurse then selects the most appropriate nursing systems to provide care. These are partly compensatory, wholly compensatory, or educative and supportive systems. The health care given to the individual in accordance to the total degree of deficit or want the patient is showing of and once the health care provided the total nursing activities and the use of nursing systems for the case are to be evaluated to allow am assessment of whether the mutually planned objective met or not. Care planning A nursing care process described as being cyclical made up of various interconnecting elements and having a dynamic nature. It has been for long been an accepted feature of nursing care planning used in conjunction with selected nursing models. It facilitates evidence based care nursing, consistency and enables the application of correct and updated health care providence care documentation. The care planning nursing process consists of four supremely distinct phases. Each phase holds a vital role in the health care planning strategy while still being independent on functioning upon each other. The process phrases include an assessment, planning, implementation and an evaluation (Wills and Mcewene, 2002). In the first phase, the care giver makes an assessment of the individual patient as current as possible following an admission to the health care center or upon the first encounter within the individual’s home community (Melleis, 1997). Various bibliographical details concerning the patients obtained through the asking of questions to the patient or the guardian concerning the patients. This is inclusive of information such as the name, age, date of birth and address made. Then medical conditions observations made, and the relevant personal, social and medical details of the patient made. Though this considered as the first stage of the nursing process, the assessment process starts and goes on throughout the entire period of the patient care. In this case, the patient is an aged woman brought in by the daughter for care at the hospital. The patient has had no history of heart or chronic diseases in her life or her family blood line. Physical and medical observations at the time of admission indicate that the patient’s vital conditions stabilized. This is though patient had a general feeling of weakness in her body due to the observed low rate of heart pump and old age. The patient is in respiratory distress, and oxygen mask pump initiated at 40% and respiratory radiology and the lab notified for work ups. This tests for all the possible reasons that may have occurred to initiate the sudden change in heart pumping to shock and stroke. Doctors make their diagnosis from the provided information gathered and passed a decision that it could be caused by an environmental agent from the community (Kelly, 1992). In the planning phase of the nursing process, it extends from the assessment. In conjunction with the patient whenever possible, the guardians and other significant members determined on the individuals wants, needs, and desire that are relevant to health care providence objectives. On the basis, of the priority nursing diagnosis the following expected outcomes provided: The patient would have improved gaseous exchange The patient would maintain adequate hydration, output and glucose levels Implementation is a part of the nursing process that explains in details about the care a patient given and receives. It is an updated, accurate account which signed by each nurse involved in offering the care as explained in the care plan. The nurses provide wholly, and partial compensatory roles to assist the patient achieve the established goals. A reliable and secure environment provided by the curer that is sure free of any environmental contaminants that may affect the health and recovery process of the patient (Potter and Perry, 1992). Impaired gaseous exchange dealt through providing of gas mask support for the patient to aid in times of difficulty. Proper nutritional diets for the patient such as the provision of IV fluids, D10W for hydration and glucose while the patient is under oxyhood. Evaluation normally carried out at particular points when the patient or client period getting healthcare. Nursing assessment determines evaluation by identifying the individual needs, and the agreed upon plan for delivering nursing care. This is a continual process which leads back to the assessment phase of the nursing process, resulting into further health care provision of stoppage of the need and provision for intervention measures. The care plan evaluated after 24 hours of practice. The application of Orem’s care plan model has various supporting aspects that detail its selection as the main model of use. Some of the various strengths of this model include; It expands the ideology of individual self care to include multi personal units. The self care approach is contemporary with the aspects of health maintenance and health care promotions. It provides for a detailed base to nursing practices at all levels thus enabling a unified mutual code of conduct. It has possibilities for professional nursing practices in various areas such as nursing educational administration, practice nursing curricula, and nursing research. It specifies for the period and situations where nursing needed. It also includes continual education as a part of the professional component of nursing education. Despite of the various strengths that promote the use of this model there are various ideological strains that pertain to it such as; Orem explains a system as a single whole thing, while in general system theory; viewed as single whole thing. Often, health seen as dynamic and revolving, so Orem’s visual representation of the boxed nursing systems shows three static conditions of health. Shows that the theory focus on illness oriented without showing its use in wellness program. Orem care plan assisted the stroke patient as provided by the plan. The patient put on oxygen supply, given necessary medication and put on a wheel chair when need for supportive movement noted. The patient and the guardian daughter learnt the aspects of self health care and maintenance. Research and medical prognosis provided to the patient to seek quickest care techniques and the diagnosis confirmed hence setting and dealing with the objectives. Though general system theory would be applied, but Orem’s system care plan worked better. This is because in a single system theory bases on the sickness and not the wellness plan (Tollentino, 1990). Also, the Orem care system explains a system as a single whole unit. Ore's system is evolving and up to date with health issues, therefore, makes it a reliable health care plan. The stroke patient involved in the Orem’s care plan had a number of individuals involved. Some of her family members were involved such as her daughter, who brought her to the hospital. Nurses monitored daily progress to recovery. There was a team of dedicated doctors who prescribed treatment by the help of researchers. All these individuals significantly contributed to the recovery of the stroke patient though they worked at different levels. The care plan has brought about teamwork within the care giver fraternity and brought the caregiver and recipient together thus its effectiveness (Speer, 1992). Conclusions and recommendations The health care model used in above is truly substantial in obtaining results and meeting objectives in the health care of the patient. It applies in various cases to deal with various different forms of ailments and with best considerations the objectives always met. It is, however, crucial to note that more emphasis should be put in individuals self care to improve the chances that once the patient fully healed they would be able to maintain that stature and health condition afterwards. It is also beneficial in that it emphasizes on the note that prevention is always a preferred mode of health care providence than that of application of various forms of treatments that turn out to be both expensive and time lining (Polit and Hungler, 1993). Ore's model should incorporate increased emphasis on the development of individual health and the aspect of popularized prevention techniques. In other cases, it is advisable to incorporate other aspects of other models when using Orem’s model to ensure that such missing aspects within the model sufficiently catered for thus ensuring maximum achievement of objectives. Bibliography Alligood, M., & Tomey, A. 2002. Nursing Theory: Utilization &Application. Missouri: Elsevier Mosby Publications. George, B. 2002. Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. George, J. 2002. Nursing Theories: The base for professional Nursing Practice. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange press. Kelly, L. 1992. The Nursing Experience: Trends, Challenges and Transitions. New York: McGraw-Hill. Meleis, I. 1997. Theoretical Nursing: Development & Progress. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Polit, D., & Hungler, B. 1993. Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Potter, A., & Perry, G. 1992. Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts Process & Practice. London: Mosby Year Book Speer, K. 1990. Pediatric Care Plans. Springhouse Pennsylvania: Springhouse Corporation. Taylor. C., & Lillis, C. 2001. The Art & Science of Nursing Care. Philadelphia: Lippincott press. Tolentino, M. 1990. The use of Orem self care model in the neonatal intensive-care unit. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. Tomey, A., & Alligood, M. 2002. Nursing theorists and their work. Mosby: Philadelphia press Wills, M., & McEwene, M. 2002. Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott: Williams& wilkins press. Read More