Theory of Health Promotion Model - Assignment Example

? Nursing Theorist Grid The essay aims to address the following objectives, to wit to describe Nola J. Pender’s theory of Health Promotion Model using the Nursing Theorist Grid; (2) to analyze the major theory assumptions in terms of person, health, environment, and nursing; and (3) to discuss how Health Promotion Model is related to nursing education and practice. Nursing Theorist Grid Use grid below to complete the Week 4-Nursing Theorists assignment. Please see the “Nursing Theorists’ Grading Criteria” document, located on the Materials page of the student Web site. Name:The Health Promotion Model __________________ Theorist Selected: Nola J. Pender ____________ Description of Theory: The Health Promotion Model (HPM) is an integration of nursing and behavioral science perspectives on biopsychosocial factors influencing health behaviors (Batchu, S.R., 2009, 13). It attempts to delineate the nature of person interacting with the interpersonal and environmental influences. The Health Promotion Model is a framework for predicting health behaviors and the underlying factors and relationships which increases the likelihood of health-promoting behavior leading to improved health and quality of life. Theory’s Historical background:The Health Promotion Model originates from the expectancy-value theory and the social cognitive theory (Adams, Bowden, Humphrey & McAdams, 2000, 29). The Health Promotion model was originally proposed in 1982 to understand why individuals engaged themselves in health-seeking behaviors. It was refined in 1996 to describe the interaction between individual characteristics and past experiences with behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and was published in the third edition of the Health Promotion in Nursing Practice (Batchu, 2009, 14). Major theory assumptions related to: Define according to theorist: How does this concept relate to nursing practice? How does this concept relate to nursing education? Person The meta-paradigm “person” refers to the recipient of care and considers the physical, spiritual, psychological, and sociocultural aspects of an individual, family, or community. In the Health Promotion Model, Pender has made assumptions related to person which includes: the ability of the person to create conditions in which they can express their health potential; the ability of the person to be self-aware to assess their own competencies; the positive growth of individual in achieving balance between change and stability; the direction of one’s behavior; the person’s interaction with the environment and role in transformation; the role of health care providers as important part of the environment; and the importance of self-initiated changes between person and environment in behavior change (Batchu, 2009, 14). Pender’s assumptions of person is related to nursing practice as nurses considers physical, spiritual, psychological, and sociocultural aspects in the provision of holistic care. Nurses engage clients to health promoting activities and involve the totality of the person as it is applied in health promotion and improvement of client’s welfare rather than focusing only on disease prevention and cure of diseases. The Health Promotion Model is typically used in the nursing practice and is geared towards the five specific strategy targets such as smoking cessation, nutrition, independence from alcohol and drugs, physical fitness and exercise, and stress management (Laird, 1993, 13). The Health Promotion Model by Pender has been proven useful to college health nurses as they will become equipped with the concepts of mind, body, and spirit relationship(Laird, 1993, 21). Nursing educators will be able to developed the students’ abilities to handle different case scenario involving different aspects of care. For instance, students can promote health among smokers by considering first the physical, spiritual, psychological, and sociocultural dimension of the individual during assessment. The influence of the social support group will also be considered as one of the influencing factors and the result of the assessment from each dimension will be considered in the whole plan of care. Health Health is the degree of wellness or illness experience by the person. The Health Promotion Model is based on the assumption that health is positive, comprehensive, and humanistic which includes individual’s lifestyle, strengths, resiliency, potentials, and capabilities(Gusman, 2008, 12). The individual who has positive high-level state also has drive toward health. The decision to adapt behaviors leading to high level wellness or illness depends upon the presenting cognitive-perceptual and modifying factors.Health promoting actions are more likely to occur if the client perceived the situation as positive or successful. The Health Promotion Model’s definition of health has been the most popular and primary tool used by nurses in practice (Gusman, 2008, 14). Most of the activities of nurses are directed towards health promotion thus, health promotion is a multidisciplinary function of nurses to be able to adopt collaboratively with other disciplines. Along understanding the client, it is also essential that nurses are able to understand the degree of health and wellness according to the client’s perspective or experience. It is in this way that nurses can act collaboratively with patients in order to promote health. Nurses have important role in shaping the client’s perception of health merely by health education.In the nursing practice, these include educating the client about healthy lifestyles and behaviors. Health Promotion Model was not as well-established in nursing education compared to nursing practice (Gusman, 2008, 14). In clinical education, it is illness care that is more prioritized than health promotion activities. However, the Health Promotion Model assumption of health finds its link with nursing education through the client or patient. Nursing education emphasized the importance of client; likewise, the Health Promotion Model emphasized client’s experience of wellness or illness. Therefore, Health Promotion Model is relevant to nursing education in teaching nursing students that the approach in health promotion is client-centered approach. Nursing The nursing paradigm encompasses the actions, characteristics, and attitudes of person giving care thus, it refers to the health care provider or the nurse. Based on Pender’s assumptions, nurses’ actions are geared towards the benefits of the client. They must act as client-advocate and provide clients with necessary information concerning health and must promote a supportive environment conducive to adapt healthy behaviors (Gusman, 2008, 15). As client’s are inside the health care setting, nurses are most often the means of social support (Adams, Bowden, Humphrey & McAdams, 2000, 30). Pender included the health care provider such as the nurse in the social support system that influences the client most due to the knowledge they possess. Pender’s assumption that health care providers are very influential in promoting healthy behaviors demonstrates its relationship to nursing practice. Since nurses are the primary person involved in client’s care and viewed by Pender as one of the interpersonal source of social support, nurses must be a role model to the client. Modeling in nursing practice has been shown to have an impact on one’s adaption of healthy behaviors because the individuals see the actualization of adapting a healthy lifestyle by a knowledgeable person (Gusman, 2008, 18). Nurses often used Pender’s Health Promotion Model in nursing practice to guide individuals in their attempt to achieve their goal of health and well-being. In the Health Promotion Model by Pender, the personality and attitude of a nurse is essentially significant in client’s care thus, nursing education plays a vital role in shaping the personality and attitudes of nurses for future fulfillment of roles. The experience in nursing education is the foundation of all nurses and educators are responsible for molding the positive characteristics such as being an advocate, educator, and care provider. It is equally important in practice that nurses are taught that they actions might have significant effect to the client and therefore, adaptation of positive health behaviors is necessary. In the nursing practice, the client viewed the nurses as knowledgeable; the same goes through with students-educator relationship. Modeling in nursing education will developed future nurses which will also serve as role model for patient in adapting health behaviors. Environment The environment refers to the internal or external conditions affecting the person’s health. Pender’s believe that factors influencing health behaviors are multidimensional and these had influenced the person to make decisions or to adapt health-promoting behaviors. One of these factors is the person’s interaction with the environment (Bridgette, 1996, 16).Environmental influences is the third component of the Health Promotion Model and includes factors such as awareness of potential for growth, advice from others, mass media, inconvenience, cost, unavailability, and extent of life changes required (Laird, 1993, 12). Health promotion must go beyond infidviduals, families, and communities and must consider even the environmental influence as a valuable piece of information towards achieving positive health outcomes. The condition of the environment according to Pender’s assumption has a relationship with nursing practice. Lessons from Nightingale have made professionals know the importance of environment in healing; likewise, the condition of the environment also contributes to the client’s likelihood of action that he/she will adapt healthy lifestyles or behaviors. Let us consider advice from others or social support groups as an environmental influence in nursing practice. The presence of social support groups serves as a protecting mechanism for health promotion and health maintenance behaviors.Clients may feel less stress and more affirmative to nursing interventions thus, social support groups contribute to the creation of a growth-promoting environment conducive for health promotion as well as healing (Laird, 1993, 30). Nursing education focus only on the influence of environment in terms of illness care and healing (Gusman, 2008, 14). With the emergence of Health Promotion Model, nursing education was broadened from conditioning the environment to healing into conditioning the environment also to health-promoting activities. The aesthetic features of environment are being studied in nursing education to enable educators impart knowledge to the students about how an environment can stimulate an individual to adapt a healthy lifestyle. The Health Promotion Model by Pender is applicable in nursing education as this will create a fascinating and interesting environment which will encourage learners to participate in health-promoting concepts. The same results will be gained if Health Promotion Model is applied to the client in care settings. References Adams, M.H., Bowden, A.G., Humphrey, D.S. & McAdams, L.B. (2000). Social Support and Health Promotion Lifestyles of Rural Women. Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 1 (1), 28-40. Batchu, S.R. (2009). Implementation and Evaluation of a Faith-Based Health Fair Intervention Among a Vulnerable Population in Watts, California (p. 1-47). Michigan: ProQuest LLC. Bridgette, B.J. (1996). Determinants of Health Promotion Behavior in Active Duty Air Force Personnel (p. 1-62). Las Vegas: University of Nevada. Gusman, S.L. (2008). Relationship Between Health Locus of Control and Health-related Behaviors of Nurse Practitioners (p. 1-74).Oshkosh: University of Wisconsin. Laird, B.C. (1993). The Relationship Between Health Concepts and Health Promotion Behaviors in College Students (p. 1-77). Michigan: University Microfilms International. Read More