Planning for a Changing Countryside - Essay Example

PLANNING FOR A CHANGING COUNTRYSIDE Introduction The debate concerning financial development of rural regions in England has been raging on.Importantly several trends pointing to significant changes in the rural areas have been evident for some time.The impact of these changes in the long-run over a wide spectrum that encompasses businesses and people in both the rural and urban settings has made many people to evaluate their views on the economic drivers that underpin the development agenda in rural areas.Moreover,with the increasing influx of urban people moving to rural areas,has revealed that people in rural areas enjoying significantly higher incomes than urban areas.In many ways the rural economies have been developing along the same lines as the urban economies. A rural area can be defined to be an area that has a few population. The collection of people and activities in this area is limited, hence making it to be the total opposite of an urban centre or economy (NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Role of Biodiversity Conservation in the Transition to Rural Sustainability, & LIGHT, 2004, 96). Therefore when discussing the rural economy of England, we are going to look at the less densely populated areas which is believed to have few economic activities being carried on. The key drivers of economic growth in regionalised rural economies in England are numerous. The first key driver of economic growth in the region is farming. In spite of the known fact that farming nowadays does not form the backbone of rural economies, to some extent it still matters in the regionalised rural areas. This is because most farmers have been advised to use new technologies while farming different products and this has encouraged a lot of farmers to practice farming in the region. Farming in the rural economy of England has led to development of farming industry in different areas around the country. With the growth of an industry, economic activities within the region are promoted as individuals find themselves interacting through such things like trade (GREAT BRITAIN. 2006, 202). Moreover, farming has also encouraged the government to formulate policies which guarantees citizens the future of food even in difficult situations. The polices formulated have worked along way in ensuring that both the food and farming industry functions as one, therefore assuring the citizens of the supply of food chain within the society. In addition, farmers have also been advised by the government and other parties concerned on the best practices to select when competing in a highly competitive market. This has worked to improve the economic in regionalised rural economies as their interest in farming is protected. The second key driver of financial augmentation in regionalised rustic areas is the presence of exogenous and endogenous models for developments. The exogenous models refer to the deep understanding of the traditional base in rural development. This when interpreted simply means that the development of rural areas majorly relies on the existence of urban centres and vice versa to endogenous models. However, a few sections of individuals living in the rural areas have always lacked private transports, thus making access to the various labor markets located within the region to be extremely difficult (GREAT BRITAIN., 2008, 18). The third key driver for economic growth in regionalised rural areas is the rural industrial districts. The availability these industries in a locality come along with various activities. Most farming done in the region are geographically concentrated leading to the emergence of Agra-industries which manufactures the raw materials collected into finished goods. The processes involved in the manufacturing process are taking and both individuals and machines are employed at different stations to ease with the workload. In essence, the emergence of these agrobased industries has led to the employment of new human resources who are more likely to be coming from the region (GREAT BRITAIN., 2010, 13). The fourth driver is the presence or absence of social capital in regionalised rural areas. Social capital in any community or organization often refers to all the positive resources or attitudes which when applied by a group or society, improves the efficiency of the task at hand because there is cooperation among all the stakeholders involved. Social capital empowers individuals living in the regionalised rural areas with such resources like loans for farming and professional advice on the best ways of making a living within the community. Fifthly, is the diversification of regionalised rural economies, Trends and patterns of factors like weather affect such activities like farming and coal mining, therefore leading to an increase in the respective industries. However, in spite of the fact that regionalised rural areas offer better employment opportunities than urban areas; specialization of skills is a common problem to most individuals who find them working in such environments. The sixth factor is economic growth. It is responsible for determining living stands and welfare of citizens in England. Growth of an economy is achieved by increasing the factors of production like human resource and capital in an any economic set-up. In addition, improving the efficiency of economic factors contribute towards an improved economic welfare of individuals and a country. Innovation in the area is also achieved because the investors will be competing amongst each other to gain market for their products in the region. The seventh factor in economic growth is social change. This is because rural areas are faced with counter urbanization processes and the decline in the average household size. Migration has constantly shaped the population of the rural areas because it affects the movement of people inside and outside of the areas for various purposes. By ensuring that rural areas have all the social factors that may influence the migration pattern, rural areas in England are able to achieve a lot. The eigth key factor in economy is rural or urban links. This is because rural economies in most major instances resembles the development of urban areas in employment sector. Like urban areas, they are intergrated into their nearby regional economy, thus have a link with other external economies. Lastly, Information and Communiaction Technologies also largely affacts the growth in rural areas of England. An example is that the white paper is playing a crucial role by ensuring that rural businesses operate in a similar manner to those located in urban areas. Literature evidence has also surfaced to address the importance of ICT and the potential advantages it may present to business located and operated in the surrounding environment. Characteristics of a Regionalised Rural Economy in England Currently, the economies or rural areas are not dominated by land based sectors which is a significant factor in determining the economic activities in the regions. Hence, the characteristics of a regionalised rural economy in England are as follows: There is decline in agricultural activities and other land based projects in the region. This is because the residents are adopting new skills and activities like services and manufacturing, hence dividing their time and resources due to different forms of activities which affects the economy of the region. Secondly, they are characterised by counter urbanisation and an increasing population. This is because most companies relocate from urban to rural areas, therefore, positively influencing the growth of rural areas in the region. Initially, remote rural areas were not good in providing business services to individuals staying and engaged in economic activities in the region. These included banking, management and marketing. However, the trend is quickly changing because regionalised rural areas are nowadays concentrating more in increasing the number of individuals employed to serve in the lagging areas. They are exposed to international markets as most businesses areas located in the rural areas depend a lot as compared to the urban business on international customers, suppliers and producers. This is because majority of the economic activities are always started by investors. They compete with cheap industries in under developed region as employment rate in urban areas are gradually declining while those of remote rural areas gradually increasing because of the change process happening the construction of industries into England’s rural areas. The result is that the companies are forced to compete among themselves as there are not company to compete with in urban areas. They are characterised with an increase in the number of women who are employed in various sectors as a workforce. Many men living in the city are known to seek greener pastures in urban areas, thus living their women behind to occupy the empty positions left in the rural economies. The result is that such activities like coal mining and farming are nowadays dominated by women. They are characterised for not being able to provide services to the citizens living in the region. This includes shops, post offices, schools, villages and halls. This is because, majority of the businesses started in the region are small and not dependent. This makes their operation ineffective and less reliable because they are locally formed hence no efforts are injected to see them to do extremely well in the areas of service and product delivery. How Planning Influence the Future Development of A Regionalised Economy in England When Used Effectively Planning can positively influence the development of a regionalised economy in England. Through the cooperation and work with rural stakeholders, strongly built rurals communities can emerge as economic regions. Accordingly, urban and rural economies are entwined. individuals manage to survive, work and shop inside an area and life takes place on a local scale. For the new financial system to achieve something, region must generate the right situation that foster modernization, attract savings and generate jobs. Local or combined approaches to financial expansion will help boost up capability and endorse opulence and augment competitiveness in countryside areas. A regional or collaborative-based move towards to financial develpement brings neighbourhoods and other groups/relations/associates/dealings hooked on a position of ordinary alignment where they can influence capital to struggle more efficiently in the international bazaar place. Neighbourhoods, associations, big businesses and areas all come functioning together, recognizes precedence and areas for action. These main concerns are additionally knowledgeable by sound financial analysis and preparation. Accomplices are strongly expected to assume evidence-based financial development preparation to identify potency and flaws, gaps and opportunities touching local and local economy to hold up project proposals. Planning provides for decent homes and decent neighbouring for all. With builders expecting higher demands on energy efficiency, the standards likewise will increase on the development and building efficacy. This would shove up the worths of novel buildings and create reinstatement and re-use of active homes additional beautiful from the fact that insulating an active house is cheaper than building an original one, allowing for communications and power costs. Thus enforcing higher energy standards will be critical on active homes, leading to tax rebates on investment on energy. It will lead to strong inducements and burly enforcements against dumping of building waste since they are toxic. This will give recycling a high degree of local ownership to become more effectual, therefore appealing all rudiments of local neighbourhoods. The government will find it critical to support the partial transfer of housing stock to other non-profit landlords to help urban local authorities and attract investment (Pillay, Tomlinson, & Du Toit, 2006). This is a positive measure that ill help urban local authorities. When neighbourhood management becomes the norm in built-up residential areas, as it seen in other European countries, urban environmental problems will decrease therefore enhancing liveability (Town Planning Institute (London, England). 1924, 69). Creating mixed use neighbourhoods will stimulate local jobs and enterprises, thereby attracting small businesses and creating demand for more economic activity. Investment is encouraged and employment generated by using ground floor spaces on main streets for shops, workshops, service centres for facilities, with homes above, making street fronts more attractive, maximizing the use of space and increasing informal social interaction and supervision. Transport links will be essential in accessing wider job markets and in encouraging inward investment. This is because economic potential is measured by accessibility. Because location is important for economic vitality, higher density housing developments will provide easier access to employment centres and more viable transport centres thus making sound economic sense. Good neighbourhood environment and attractive housing drives investment and acts as a catalyst for jobs. Neighbourhood management in collaboration with locally based teams for repair, maintenance and supervision of neighbourhood conditions on behalf of the communities is essential for long-term well-being of modern urban community. Measures to Support Community Organization Local services will be funded and supported by local authorities, as it is extra economical to transport frontline services from a local base with a local supervision, thus savings can be made in preventing damage, decay, crime and mounting disrepair. Safer and good-looking neighbourhoods which are better cared for are extra sustainable, have superior worth and attract additional shareholders thereby generating more financial actions (KRESL, 1992, 152). The heightened sense of community safety stemming out of tackling the terror of misdemeanour as well as wrong doing itself, bad luck, pollutions, obliteration, drawing, and all the diminutive signs of disregard that may harbour crime; will make people feel safe at home and more comfortable with their neighbourhood. The inclusion of local leadership is important in fostering a real sense of ownership. Successful models of local services, local financial statement and area management configuration will spring up (Town And Country Planning Association (Great Britain), & Garden Cities And Town Planning Association (Great Britain). 1932, 89). Meeting points and amenities created clustering about focal midpoints of activities such as the local school or shops or health centres generate a lot of neighbourhood activity and thus a sense of belongingness, security and consistency. It will help communities in changing and becoming more diverse (Orme, Powell, Taylor, Harrison, & Grey, M2003, 153). Thus for these reasons constructing and restoring varied income, mixed occupancy, mixed use neighbourhoods will be fundamental to municipal future. Sustainable communities will pioneer new ways to improve the surroundings, the financial system and community well being of communities. putting together the measures of plan, thickness and lay-out, with lessening in power use and ecological collision will be useful in achieving reduction in carbon release and thus international warming on which the future of many depends on. Conclusion Countryside financial systems have undergone a procedure of marvellous change over the duration motivated by dissimilar sets of interior and outside forces.One of the key forces has been demographic with the process of urban-rural migration taking stage.The high quality of environment and way of life has attracted the affluent from the urban areasmoving to the country-side.This has often led to displacement and competition for scarce housing. Furthermore,technological advancement have improved transportation links easing mobility of both goods and services. In addition,the initiative of development plan will allow local people to come with right innovations geared at development but structured to meet the needs of wider areas such as the confined council’s evaluation of accommodation and other expansion requirements in that area. Consequently,local planning authority have a duty to support communities making their neighbourhood plan. 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