Personality Disorders and Its Treatment - Literature review Example

Personality Disorders Personality Disorders Introduction The type of treatment that is usually given to the patients with personality disorder in most of the mental health centre’s is not satisfactory since they are not taken care of adequately. The fact that the medical practitioners are usually not always concerned about their patients wellbeing has been a notable fact is dragging the medical fraternity (Smith & Sharp 1994). This is contrary to what is expected of the hospital workers particularly to the ones with special needs. According to the Department of Health (1996), nurses who administer to patients suffering from personality disorder risk obtaining therapeutic nihilism, distancing themselves from their patients, showing absolute rejection to their patients and they might consider their patients as unworthy of their services and resources. The research practitioner further indicates that the relationship between the professional health practitioners and their respective patients has lead to the ultimate decision of suicide. The health workers who are involved in the care and health administration of the people suffering from personality disorder tend to suffer from deaths that are unnatural particularly if they usually offend and intimidate their patients. The result of ill-treatment and intimidation from the social health workers towards their patient’s causes a break of trust and communication between the two parties and this can lead to uncontrollable despise (Smith & Sharp 1994). This research proposal is aimed at analyzing the differences that exists between the people suffering from personality disorder and the relevant medical practitioners that cater for these patients. From different analysis, it is quite evident that these medical practitioners require adequate encouragement in conjunction with positive empowerment for a proper outcome. This research proposal is also aimed at analyzing the different factors that are supposed to govern, promote and increase the positive attitudes of the social workers in ensuring that proper and sufficient care is given to the people suffering from personality disorder (Rutter, Giller & Hagell 1998). The backbone of this research is to illustrate and analyze the relationship that exists or has been inexistence between the people suffering from personality disorder and their medical advisors and on how the improvement between the two can be attained and achieved (Smith & Sharp 1994). The literature review that is illustrated and analyzed below indicates the occurrence, treatment and relationship status of the patients suffering from personality disorder. The literature review does not cover the whole aspect of personality disorder. However, a clear and precise model will be used to cater for the research at a wider perspective but by the use of limited literature. Literature Review Personality Disorder is basically a cluster of human behaviors that are usually related to disability or misery resulting from social differences and expectations. There are of different types and levels depending on the degree of its effect on the patient. Nevertheless, there have been ranging arguments on personality disorder since different medical experts differ on the actual causes, cure and handle of the disorder and the patients. However, Rutter, Giller & Hagell (1998) suggest that there is an ultimate procedure that can be used to cure and assist the patients diagnosed with personality disorder. The International Classification of Disease 10th revision (ICD-10) This is a form of system that was generated by the World Health Organization in ensuring that the medical documentation involving the different categories of diseases are noted and kept. The creation of ICD-10 took effect from 1992 in succession of ICD-9. In this regard, ICD-10 is used to facilitate a record of the characteristics of the individuals or patients who suffer from the personality disorder. The characteristics are recorded from the personality’s behavioral perspective in the cultural and social levels (Department of Health 1996). Consequently, it is expected from that proper record from all patients should be noted and kept. Officials usually follow up this factor from the World Health Organization in the different health organization to ensure that the rights of the patients are taken care of and that the rules, which govern the health fraternity, are followed (Rutter, Giller & Hagell 1998). This ensures that a close monitoring of the patients developments is analyzed and in case of any irregularities, an immediate action is initiated. ICD-10 deals with different factors, which range from lack of tolerance, concern, emotional stability and the presence of obsession. Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder- 3rd Revised Edition (DSM - IIIR) DSM – IIIR is also a form of a classification tool that is used to indicate and classify the various levels of mental disorder. This aspect ensures that the patients diagnosed with this type of mental disorder are diagnosed with their respective disorders accurately without mistakes or errors. This has been a contrary fact to the belief that is usually held by the medical workers who are meant to take care of the people with personality disorder. This is because of the fact that there is usually a lot of reluctance and ignorance amongst the clinical experts since they have low regards for their patients (Smith & Sharp 1994). A Psychopath list by Hare This list includes the character traits of the patient and the negative behavior. Hare who is a renowned researcher on the field of the human behavior took some characteristics traits and tested them on some prisoners. Some of these character traits include Self esteem Presence of boredom Criminal involvement Childhood irresponsibility Sexual harassment Sense of lying Manipulation effect Irresponsibility Lack of self control Problematic marriages Diagnosis procedure The rules and regulations that govern the diagnosis of different mental diseases or disorders in UK usually complicate the process of administering diagnosis protocols to the patients. The patients that are admitted in the hospitals that are regarded as of high value and risk are considered as psychopathic (Department of Health 1996). However, this is not always the case since various researchers has proven this belief otherwise. There are patients who have personality disorder to a certain degree and others have additional complications leading to mental illness. The research done by various research practitioners on personality disorder usually agree on the fact that the patients who suffer from this disease have common but not uniform disorder problems. This implies that the medical fraternity should administer different medical prescriptions and guidance to the different patients depending on the rate and level of disorder (Rutter, Giller & Hagell 1998). The various social workers that assist the people with personality disorder because they usually view the disorder as a common disease thus issue similar guidelines and prescriptions without prior knowledge of the real level of disorder have ignored this fact. The medical protocol or procedure that should be followed indicates that individual patient is supposed to be analyzed for some time and a proper diagnosis realized from the characteristics that is recognized from his or her traits or disorder. This helps in ensuring that the patient improves and recovers from the disorder (Smith & Sharp 1994). Consequently, further complications are avoided since the right procedure is usually followed from the first instance thus limiting negligence. Role of health practitioners The medical practitioners that are involved with the care and administration of medication to the people suffering from personality disorder usually face many responsibilities in their career. However, the research conducted by various scholars indicate that there is a high rate of improper handling of these patients and bad administration of services and medication. This implies that there has been an increase in the percentage of ignorance and negligence in this field. This is contrary to what is expected of the hospital workers particularly to the ones with special needs (Department of Health 1996). Nurses who administer to patients suffering from personality disorder risk obtaining therapeutic nihilism, distancing themselves from their patients, showing absolute rejection to their patients and they might consider their patients as unworthy of their services and resources (Smith & Sharp 1994). The research practitioners that have conducted research in this field further indicate that the relationship between the professional health practitioners and their respective patients has lead to the ultimate decision of suicide (Newton 1988). This implies that the health practitioners that have been given the mandate of taking care of the people experiencing personality disorder have not been doing what is expected of them by the health organizations. Personality disorder There has been no conclusion that has been made on the causes of personality disorder. However, various research practitioners on the causes and origin of personality disorder have issued various aspects. These aspects are considered feeble since there are no accords outlined. Moreover, some researchers have suggested that there might be other causes of personality disorder such as; poor parenting, peer pressure and of course genetics (Smith & Sharp 1994). This genetic malfunction is entirely outrageous with traits for instance, anxiety, fear, aggression that can probably play the function of personality disorder. However, these researchers outlined two broad sections of the possible causes of personality disorder; there is the emphasis on the temperament and stressing foster .Its therefore crucial to note that these broad based bodies are not commonly exclusive and therefore they rely on the study underlying the conviction system on how it can be changed. Temperament Intellectual pathology: There are speculations to facilitate personality disorder that is brought about by damage of the brain due to deferred mind maturation and damage of the brain in early childhood (Rutter, Giller & Hagell 1998). The behavior of patients with damaged brain is quite similar to those of personality disorder and hence their links. Hereditary causes of antisocial behavior: According to a study conducted between two different personalities, that is: espousal studies and identical twin studies shows an immoral behavior. Therefore, antisocial behavior can be associated with hereditary component. Chromosomal indifferences: There are defined arguments that chromosomal abnormalities can also been a contributing factor in the abnormal violent personality (Newton 1988). A study on human and animals have shown a link between inadequate serotonin normality and the violent personality. Stressing Foster Social knowledge: This theory tends to argue that growth of behavior disorder may take place mostly to those who amicably become skilled on communal norms (Newton 1988). Moreover, these antisocial personalities may commence from the likely hood of parenting bringing forth an indigenous character. Bonding: According to researcher –Bowlby it is quite vivid that the attachment between a child and the parent brings forth a positive outline of the social development. However, the opposite is significantly true. Faulty transitions: According to this theory, personality disorder can be caused by the imperfect early child’s development due to unkempt ethics in the human context (Newton 1988). This imperfect child’s development may severely contribute to the taking in of social norms. Discrimination Various outcomes are generated from the fact that the people suffering from personality disorder are less regarded and appreciated. It should be noted that the patients of personality disorder also have their own rights and that most especially the social staff that is mandated to take care of these patients should always respect their rights (Newton 1988). The fact that these patients are usually offending at most instances does not permit anyone to ill treat or diminish their living and disorder aspects. This is contrary to what is expected of the hospital workers particularly to the ones with special needs. The effects of discrimination may results to a lot of misunderstanding between the patients and their respective medical practitioners who usually takes care of them. This usually result to unnecessary fights and can lead to death as the research has indicated on this aspect. Nurses who administer to patients suffering from personality disorder risk obtaining therapeutic nihilism, distancing themselves from their patients, showing absolute rejection to their patients and they might consider their patients as unworthy of their services and resources (Newton 1988). The research practitioner further indicates that the relationship between the professional health practitioners and their respective patients has lead to the ultimate decision of suicide. This research proposal is aimed at analyzing the differences that exists between the people suffering from personality disorder and the relevant medical practitioners that cater for these patients. From different analysis, it is quite evident that these medical practitioners require adequate encouragement in conjunction with positive empowerment for a proper outcome. This research proposal is also aimed at analyzing the different factors that are supposed to govern, promote and increase the positive attitudes of the social workers in ensuring that proper and sufficient care is given to the people suffering from personality disorder (Newton 1988). The health workers who are involved in the care and health administration of the people suffering from personality disorder tend to suffer from deaths that are unnatural particularly if they usually offend and intimidate their patients. The result of ill-treatment and intimidation from the social health workers towards their patients causes a break of trust and communication between the two parties and this can lead to uncontrollable despise. There are patients who have personality disorder to a certain degree and others have additional complications leading to mental illness. The research done by various research practitioners on personality disorder usually agree on the fact that the patients who suffer from this disease have common but not uniform disorder problems (Newton 1988). This implies that the medical fraternity should administer different medical prescriptions and guidance to the different patients depending on the rate and level of disorder. Conclusion From the research that has been conducted by the various research practitioners, there has been no conclusion that has been made on the causes of personality disorder. However, various research practitioners on the causes and origin of personality disorder have issued various aspects (Department of Health 1996). However, these researchers outlined two broad sections of the possible causes of personality disorder; there is the emphasis on the temperament and stressing foster .Its therefore crucial to note that these broad based bodies are not commonly exclusive and therefore they rely on the study underlying the conviction system on how it can be altered (Newton 1988). These aspects are considered feeble since there are no accords outlined. Moreover, some researchers have suggested that there might be other causes of personality disorder such as; poor parenting, peer pressure and of course genetics. This genetic malfunction is entirely outrageous with traits for instance, anxiety, fear, aggression that can probably play the function of personality disorder (Rutter, Giller & Hagell 1998). References Department of Health., 1996. Priorities and Planning Guidance for the NHS: 1997/1998. London: Department of Health. Newton, J., 1988. Preventing Mental Illness. London: Routledge. Rutter, M., Giller, H. & Hagell, A., 1998. Antisocial Behaviour in Young People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Smith, P.K. & Sharp, S., 1994. School Bullying: Insights and Perspectives. London: Routledge. Read More