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Summary The College Movement In the end of 18th century and beginning of 19th century many college buildings of America was devoured by fire or destroyed by rain. College founding in the 19th century was given much importance as industrialization but were unsuccessful in building universities like English men. Americans were of the opinion that no single youth should leave the country to acquire education. In the late colonial period, the spirit of religionist and effort of missionaries gave birth to many colleges.

The new group of college founding in America were the Presbyterians and the Congregationalist of New England. Meanwhile the Quakers also made a minimal contribution to the college movement. In later times, Methodist and Baptist started establishing colleges which was a resort to middle class society of America. The American colleges soon became a medium of social investment. The American colleges gave birth to a concept of ‘self taught and self made man’ .By the end of 19th century, American colleges also propagated that a man should not spend more than half of his time on studies.

An English men visiting American definitely found a very motivated young men and students who could serve the country at the best in the future.Hard Choices The American universities are in hard situation as to make choices in protecting the academic value and there were no political body taking leadership for it. Some universities prefer quality and want to preserve it and proved that they have brain as well as body.Some universities wants to improve the quality of citizen ship and ethical conduct of students .

Few universities which maintained their integrity and marveled were Harvard, Stanford, Cornell, Yale, MTI,Brown, Berkeley and Michigan.Accomodating large number of students always been the problem faced by many universities.As economic growth is the responsibility of the Federal government , they are supposed to give subsidies to the graduates to increase productivity. The two areas which offer opportunity in America is education and healthsector.Higher education is becoming business minded where as they should be interested in producing good citizens with creative talent and productivity.

Universties and society is interrelated and universities need to utilize full resources to upgrade the students and their utility to the society.Magnet schools and the pursuit of racial balance Magnet schools which introduced in America in 20th century, gained popularity in 1970s as they promoted racial diversity and improved scholarship opportunities and catered to individual needs and interests of students. Magnets schools are mostly located in areas of low class people and focused on one subject like science and math.

Magnet school have a mixed students from white and black racial background. Evaluation of MSAP is one of the criteria of magnet school which track minority isolation, and reduction in enrolment of minority to less than 50% and last to prevent minority enrolment from rising above 50 %. MSAP also target on evaluating the magnet school’s effectiveness in achieving racial disintegration. A qualitative and quantitative study was done by distributing questionnaire to parents of students and interviewing of principals and counselors of school.

All the parents during study revealed that magnet school are a way to eradicate racial bias. Hence this concept of magnet schools is a hope in social and political context to urban American people to remove racial bias and prejudices.