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...mechanism in the cell to deal with DNA damage caused exogenously by UV rays and ionizing radiation, besides other types of chemical alteration to the DNA (Wood, 1997). Mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionarily conserved DNA damage fixing process that is employed by the cell when base pairs are added incorrectly during replication (Kunkel and Erie, 2005). At least ten different DNA repair processes are operative in higher organisms (Reed, 2010). Platinum-based compounds e.g., cisplatin, oxaliplatin, satraplatin etc. interfere with the repair mechanisms to effect programmed cell death, or apoptosis. For example, cisplatin when introduced into the nucleus, forms adducts (Fichtinger-Sherpman, et al., 1985). The formation of...
12 Pages(3000 words)Lab Report
...with the proliferative activity of the tumours indicating a possible role in cell cycle regulation and cancer progression (Martinez et al., 2004). The prognostic importance of measuring survivin expression at the level of protein as well as mRNA is evident from the study of Sarela et al. (2000), who showed that survivin mRNA was associated with decreased overall survival of patients with colon cancer after treatment. Oxaliplatin, a third-generation diaminocyclohexane (DACH)-platinum complex, is a chemotherapeutic drug which induces DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The biological activity of oxaliplatin is mainly based on its ability to form lethal DNA lesions, including...
10 Pages(2500 words)Lab Report
...of oral catechins in humans. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery techniques of EGCG and TF have been found to improve their bioavailability to a level that would benefit their effectiveness as chemopreventives. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of theaflavins and EGCG, when used in the bulk form and in the biopolymer (polylactide-co-glycolide)-based nanoparticle form, on oxaliplatin- and satraplatin-treated lymphocytes from colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The results of DNA damage measurements by comet assay revealed opposite trends in bulk and nanoparticle forms of TF as well as EGCG. Both the compounds in the bulk form produced stastically significant concentration-dependent...
12 Pages(3000 words)Lab Report
...-related death among Saudi population, it was deemed important to conduct research on CRC. Hence, this project chose to study the chemotherapeutic aspects of CRC, in particular the activity of platinum-based compounds as cytotoxic agents for treatment of CRC. Future work Platinum compounds are the usual first option against colorectal cancer. Oxaliplatin, a diaminocyclohexane-containing platinum analogue, shows significant cytotoxic effect in a wide range of cell lines. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of oxaliplatin monotherapy in several cancers, including colon cancer (Cvitkovic and Bekradda, 1999). Some desirable factors that are specific to oxaliplatin are its high...
4 Pages(1000 words)Essay
...with the site of metastasis and the clinical response to leucovorin-modulated bolus 5-fluorouracil.
Clin Cancer Res, 5 (8), pp. 1996-9.
Chiara, S., Nobile, M., Vincenti, M., Lionetto, R., Gozza, A., Barzacchi, M., Sanguineti, O., Repetto, L. and Rosso, R., 1998. Advanced colorectal cancer in the elderly: results of consecutive trials with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 42 (4), pp. 336-40.
Comella, P., Casaretti, R., De Rosa, V., Avallone, A., Izzo, F., Fiore, F., Lapenta, L., and Comella, G., 2002. Oxaliplatin plus irinotecan and leucovorin-modulated 5-fluorouracil triplet regimen every other week: a dose-finding study in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies. Ann...
17 Pages(1500 words)Research Paper
...) demonstrated reduction of this chemoresistance and increase of chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells by inhibition of Notch 1 with sulfonamide gamma secretase inhibitors. The researchers also reported in their study that down regulation of notch signaling can cause prevention of prosurvival pathways like phosphoinositide kinase-3/Akt which are seen after chemotherapy with oxaliplatin. Similar reports were presented by Real et al (2009) who demonstrated reversal of glucocorticoid resistance with gamma-secretase inhibitors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
It would be interesting to note that Notch activation can be tumor suppressive too in some cancers. This feature is a new concept and merits more research...
9 Pages(2250 words)Essay
...We will investigate the impact of oxaliplatin in the expression of survivin by using Western Blot Assay. It is known that oxaliplatin demonstrates a wide variety of antitumor activities. It has been proposed by Ngan et al. (2008) that by experimental data, it can be hypothesised that the key target of oxaliplatin at the molecular level may be survivin through which oxaliplatin may induce several modes of cell death in cancer cells, since survivin promoted activity is inhibited by oxaliplatin. In some cell lines, oxaliplatin also induces down-regulation of survivin. To investigate further this hypothesis, this emerging area of research...
3 Pages(750 words)Essay
...that was identified. Cisplatin, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid were all found arranged on a surface near the body. Oxaliplatin is used in combination with cisplatin when innate or acquired resistance to the cisplatin therapy exists (International Symposium on Platinum Coordination Compounds in Cancer Chemotherapy, and Andrea Bonetti 2009, p. 529). Fluorouracil is a drug that has shown some benefit in extending the life of mice that have been given leukemia, however, the drug has shown no substantial help towards a cure (Perry 2008, p. 84). Folinic acid is made in the body after folic acid is converted, having been attained from food or vitamin resources, then used in methylation.
Cisplatin...
4 Pages(1000 words)Essay
...Discussion Genotoxi experiments with satraplatin 1 Comet assay DNA in cells is liable to undergo mutations that can lead to cancer and celldeath. DNA repair mechanisms present in all cells serve to protect DNA from mutations. In cancer cells the DNA repair mechanisms are generally damaged. Satraplatin and other platinum-based compounds are used as chemotherapeutic drugs to kill cancer cells by damaging the DNA of the cells. Satraplatin (JM-216), or bis(acetato) ammine dichloro (cyclohexylamine) platinum (IV), is a platinum (IV) compound that is absorbed by the oral route unlike the routinely-used cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, all platinum (II) class of compounds. Upon administration of satraplatin, a number of...
12 Pages(3000 words)Lab Report
...is that the liposome systems can also allow bioactive macromolecules to be delivered for therapeutic use. Liposomes that are ligand-conjugated have been seen to have the capabilities to enhance therapeutic efficiency through targeted delivery of drugs. Most of the liposomal drugs have direct effect on tumor cells especially when oxaliplatin is increased in efficiency and safety by prolonging circulation time that the drugs used before becoming fully effective. The other liposomal drug that targets the tumor cells and the Tf receptors found in them is SGT-53. The drug targets the surfaces of these tumor cells by using ligands such as that of Tf-R-scFv so as to deliver the suppressor of the genes located in the tumor. PEG...
7 Pages(1750 words)Dissertation
