Digital and Social Media - Assignment Example

Topic Activities Student’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Instructor’s Name: Date: ACTIVITIES FOR TOPIC 2 1. When was the first pocket calculator designed and introduced in America? (Highlight correct Answer) a) 1932 b) 1967 c) 1982 (1 mark) 2. What did Alan Turing ‘automate’ with his ideas for computing? (1 mark) He automated human tasks such as calculations and typing using non-digital machines. 3. What is a ‘thinking machine’? Discuss in context of notes in the study guide. Consider the function of cameras. (4 marks) It is a machine created purposely to imitate human brain. The invention of a thinking machine was based on Turing’s belief that every aspect of human body could be imitated by a thinking machine.1 He looked on psychology, media, logic and human brain and ended up creating a thinking machines that used cameras. Thinking machines use cameras to visualize and communicate. The cameras work in conjunction with physics system for motion and artificial actions.2 The machine then matches captured images and patterns with the stored data to produce useful information. 4. What was the PDP-1? What was it used for? (2 marks). It is a type of computer that was first used in the university setting in 1961. Lit was mainly used to build a type of computer game known as spacewar. 5. How did creative ideas such as mock-ups or stage props provide starting points for new media Technologies? Provide at least one example. (2 marks) The use of mock ups provided an ideal opportunity for Turing to test and measure the artificial intelligence. The ability to show emotions rather than intellectual abilities is very essential in receiving a better conception of humanity of a mock up.3 Artificial intelligent being have been used throughout the entertainment industry (in film and science fiction) e.g. the use of animalistic and humanoid mock ups has contributed to the evolution of the modern day robotic industry.4 6. What year was the personal mobile phone invented? (1 mark) a) 1962 b) 1973 c) 1983 3. SOCIAL MEDIA & CHANGES IN COMMUNICATION: PROFESSIONAL, GOVERNMENT & COMMUNITY CONTEXTS ACTIVITIES FOR TOPIC 3 1. What was Mark Zuckerberg given an award for in 2010 by Time magazine? (Refer to chapter 14, Alphabet to Internet extract on e-reserve). (1 mark) (Highlight correct answer) a) For completion of a PhD at the age of 19. b) For 'changing how we live our lives'. c) For increasing sales of Time magazine. 2. What was the age group that made up the highest proportion of social network use in Australia? According to the ABS figures mentioned in this week’s study guide? A) 5-10 year olds b) 12-14 year olds c) 50 + (1 mark) 3. What does ‘Tran’s media’ mean in context of social media? Who coined it? (2 marks) Trans-media refers to the changes in storytelling across multiple platforms. The term was coined by Henry Jenkins in 2002. 4. What is Crowdsourcing? (2 marks) Crowdsourcing is the process of soliciting the ideas or information from the large group of people especially over the internet. From journalistic point of view, it means collection of information from different participants from the different social media platforms e.g. twitter and Facebook. The term was initially used in business field and was basically understood as the process of employing collective wisdom from a crowd of people.5 5. Why do media organisations like the BBC and government agencies, such as the National Library of Australia, use social media guidelines? Social media guidelines are used by media organizations to monitor the behavior and use of social media platforms so as to prevent violation of rules. Because real time communication with the public is becoming a challenge. They are used for keeping in touch with the public and general communication of events, hence enabling the running of the organization to the best interest of its users (public). What are typical characteristics of the guidelines? (3 marks) Social media guidelines have a degree of moderation. Moderation is done in order to avoid possible offence on the users of information. It done at three levels; pre-moderation, reactive moderation and post-moderation. They also have a degree of editorial and participatory control. 6. What is RSS and what does it do? (2 marks) RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication. It is a form of technology that acts as a backend of the internet that facilitates sharing of story segments. LOCATIVE MEDIA & AUGMENTED REALITY ACTIVITIES FOR TOPIC 4 1. How were maps used in 1854? (See study guide and e-reserve reading on maps) Describe the Basic techniques that continue in the digital environment. Clue: overlaying and cross-referencing. (5Marks) John Snow used maps instead of mere directions to determine the source of cholera outbreak in London. He recorded the death case and related the cases with the water wells and sewage system. The data was plotted with geographical coordinates. The information was crossed-referenced with the data collected on the death cases and the results revealed that a correlation existed between the pipes, water wells and sewage systems, i.e. high cholera cases were reported around the wells. The concept of mapping has improved due to the integration of Geographical Information with digital computers. John Snow used social information to plot maps in 1854. The co continuation of this aspect in digital environment is evidenced in social media platforms such as the “check in” feature in Facebook. 2. What was Ubicomp and what were three of its features? (4 marks) Ubicomp is an abbreviation for ubiquitous computing. It was introduced by Weser in 1993. Ubicomp had the following features: It introduce of location based on media which was initially founded on the ideas of user preferences and personal locaters. Calm computing and ideas that would relief the user from using desktop. 2. How is the location of a Smart Phone determined using satellites and the GPS system? (4 marks) The Global Positioning System GPS uses a series of satellites to locate position. The satellites send data relating to time from space to the phone with the aid of satellites. The phone can show its location on a flat map if lit can pick up signals transmitted from three satellites.6 Smartphones have applications that vary in functionality. GPS applications can give the current grid reference of the phone which can be used to navigate on paper map. 4. Which of the following is the best fit for Facebook's 'Check-in' feature: a) Satellites and touchscreens. b) Satellites, triangulation methods and the keyhole markup language. c) GPS receivers and accelerometers. (1 mark) . 5. What are RFID tags? Explain one way in which they can be used. (Refer to Chapter 30 by Hayles In Ekman's book 'Throughout'). (3 marks) RFID refers to Radio-frequency Identification. It is a wireless service that uses electromagnetic fields to transfer information that facilitates identification and tracking of tags that are attached to an object. The tags normally contain information that is stored in electronic form. RFID technology in used in supply chain to track the movement of products between the suppliers and retail agents. It allows companies to keep better inventory of products as they move from one distribution center to another and eventually into stores.7 . 6. Lemos discusses various political ideas about location based media. Which of the following keywords best capture his work. (Refer to readings for this week) (1 mark) a) Information territories, heterotopy and mobility. b) Mobility, smartphones and cyborgs c) Maps, cameras and calculators. Summaries From the analysis of the first topic, it is worthy to conclude that human passion and curiosity led to the story of computing. Through a series of attempts to solve difficult problems, inventions have been made. The invention of a calculator was the first step towards the discovery of computers.8 For many years, calculators were the only machines that could perform difficult operations. A lineage of devices exist between the ancient abacuses to the present day digital computers. Turin’s concept of automating human tasks like typing and calculations triggered the creation of the thinking machine.9 The thinking machine functionality is based on how human body functions. In other words, the decision to create the thinking machine was arrived at after Turin’s curiosity about human brain and his believe that every part of human body could be imitated. This explains the reason behind robots and robotics. The technology of robots has been enhanced by digital cameras and microphones which represents the basic features of every machine. The relationship between spatialization and media is not a new phenomenon. Changes in space brings leads to specialization. The 21st century was in the realm of broadcasting as a result of the emergence of the mass media. New information technology has reinforced the human aspect of space through the use of locomotive media and use of urban space.10 The use of GPS and the satellites has led to the social production of space with mobile networks and technologies. Social media has reenergized the way in which organizations and government institutions communicate with the public. The increasing need for real time communication has led to integration of various technologies into governmental and institutional websites e.g. the RSS technology. This allows multiple streaming of information from different sources without necessarily switching positions.11 The satellites, servers and stands play a critical role in facilitating location based and real-time communication. Business models have proved useful to social media too because of the ideas that have been successfully borrowed and used in social media e.g. crowdsourcing techniques. Collaborative communities creates shared content through networked places. This breaks the boundaries between the consumers and producers of content by allowing everyone to be the producers as well as the users of information. Produsage process is founded on the ability of the users to afford the techno-social frameworks of the networked community. Due to the fact that the internet has created an online community where everyone can gain access to and publish their opinions. Potential opportunities for misuse have come along with the benefits of social media. This explains why there are social media guidelines to prevent misuse of the social media. Whether one is a regular contributor or new to social media, it is worth taking enough time to look at the various social media guidelines created by different institutional or governmental organizations. Social media guidelines help staff or the users of a particular social site engage in interactions or conversations using digital media for professional, official or personal use. The history of social media in the 21st century roots back to 1850s when maps were first invented by John Snow. Initially, maps were used for different purposes such as determination of the source of cholera outbreak in London. The process was done through using overlaying and cross-referencing techniques.12 The two techniques contributed significantly to the development of social informatics. Since the ancient time of maps, a series of developments have been realized. Today, maps have been integrated into digital computers for easy navigation. A wide spectrum of computer and smartphones application have been created and are currently used with the help of GPS connectivity. Location of an object can now be done easily by using radio signals from series of satellites that orbit around the earth. Work Cited A.M. Turing. 1950. "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Mind LIX (236): 433-460 Computing rooms 1920’s. background information. Dowd, Cate. 2012. "Turing’s creativity and Science Fiction films: Abstractions and hidden layers in Turing Arts Symposium." In AISB/IACAP World Congress. Ekman, U. 2013. Throughout: Art and Culture Emerging with Ubiquitous Computing. Fang, Irving. 2015. 'Alphabet to Internet' p.82-83, p.141-144. (Extracts via e-reserve documents). Gordon and de Souza e Silva. 2011. Maps, Net Locality. Wiley-Blackwell. Hayles, Katherine.2013.‘Radio-Frequency Identification: Human Agency and Meaning in Information-intensive environments’ in Throughout: Art and Culture Emerging with Ubiquitous Computing, Ed. Ekman. U. MIT Press. pp. 503 – 528 http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/calculators/1/56/225 J. D. Broesch, D. Stranneby and W. Walker. 2009. Digital Signal Processing: Instant access, Burlington, MA: Elsevier Inc., Lemos, André.2007. Locative Media and Information Territories: Mobile Communication and New Sense of Places. A Critique of Spatialization in Cyberculture. Mann, Adam. 2012. The Photo-Geek’s Guide to Curiosity Rover’s 17 Cameras in Wired.com. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/curiosity-mars-rover-cameras/ Park, David W., Nick Jankowski, and Steve Jones. 2011. The long history of new media: technology, historiography, and contextualizing newness. New York: Peter Lang. Turing, A., 1948. Intelligent Machinery. Man as Machine. http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/archive/l/l32/L32-010.html Read More

twitter and Facebook. The term was initially used in business field and was basically understood as the process of employing collective wisdom from a crowd of people.5 5. Why do media organisations like the BBC and government agencies, such as the National Library of Australia, use social media guidelines? Social media guidelines are used by media organizations to monitor the behavior and use of social media platforms so as to prevent violation of rules. Because real time communication with the public is becoming a challenge.

They are used for keeping in touch with the public and general communication of events, hence enabling the running of the organization to the best interest of its users (public). What are typical characteristics of the guidelines? (3 marks) Social media guidelines have a degree of moderation. Moderation is done in order to avoid possible offence on the users of information. It done at three levels; pre-moderation, reactive moderation and post-moderation. They also have a degree of editorial and participatory control. 6. What is RSS and what does it do? (2 marks) RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication.

It is a form of technology that acts as a backend of the internet that facilitates sharing of story segments. LOCATIVE MEDIA & AUGMENTED REALITY ACTIVITIES FOR TOPIC 4 1. How were maps used in 1854? (See study guide and e-reserve reading on maps) Describe the Basic techniques that continue in the digital environment. Clue: overlaying and cross-referencing. (5Marks) John Snow used maps instead of mere directions to determine the source of cholera outbreak in London. He recorded the death case and related the cases with the water wells and sewage system.

The data was plotted with geographical coordinates. The information was crossed-referenced with the data collected on the death cases and the results revealed that a correlation existed between the pipes, water wells and sewage systems, i.e. high cholera cases were reported around the wells. The concept of mapping has improved due to the integration of Geographical Information with digital computers. John Snow used social information to plot maps in 1854. The co continuation of this aspect in digital environment is evidenced in social media platforms such as the “check in” feature in Facebook. 2. What was Ubicomp and what were three of its features? (4 marks) Ubicomp is an abbreviation for ubiquitous computing.

It was introduced by Weser in 1993. Ubicomp had the following features: It introduce of location based on media which was initially founded on the ideas of user preferences and personal locaters. Calm computing and ideas that would relief the user from using desktop. 2. How is the location of a Smart Phone determined using satellites and the GPS system? (4 marks) The Global Positioning System GPS uses a series of satellites to locate position. The satellites send data relating to time from space to the phone with the aid of satellites.

The phone can show its location on a flat map if lit can pick up signals transmitted from three satellites.6 Smartphones have applications that vary in functionality. GPS applications can give the current grid reference of the phone which can be used to navigate on paper map. 4. Which of the following is the best fit for Facebook's 'Check-in' feature: a) Satellites and touchscreens. b) Satellites, triangulation methods and the keyhole markup language. c) GPS receivers and accelerometers. (1 mark) . 5. What are RFID tags?

Explain one way in which they can be used. (Refer to Chapter 30 by Hayles In Ekman's book 'Throughout'). (3 marks) RFID refers to Radio-frequency Identification. It is a wireless service that uses electromagnetic fields to transfer information that facilitates identification and tracking of tags that are attached to an object. The tags normally contain information that is stored in electronic form. RFID technology in used in supply chain to track the movement of products between the suppliers and retail agents.

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