The Aspects of Slf-Ldrshi - Research Paper Example

Sеlf-lеаdеrshiр Name Institution Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Benefits of Self-leadership 3 How to use self-leadership 3 Benefits of Positive psychology 4 How to use positive psychology 4 Career goal 5 Traits required 5 Personal Profile 5 My 360 feedback 9 Area for development 10 Justification for choice of area 10 How to develop (self-efficacy) 11 What behaviours need to change? 11 How can you change them? 12 Development Goals 12 The benefits of writing goals 12 How to write goals 13 Learning Theory Used 13 Operant or Classical Conditioning describe how/when/what rewards you will incorporate. 14 Social or Cognitive learning describe your thought (self talk), behaviour and emotion focused strategies 14 Action Plan 15 Conclusion 16 References 19 Introduction Self leadership is very beneficial in the lives of individuals. With self leadership, it is possible for one to achieve his or her gaols. This paper seeks to explore the benefits of self leadership, benefits of positive psychology, and my personal career goals. In addition, this paper explores the areas I need to develop in order to achieve my goals and what I need to do. The content of the paper is primarily found in a number of articles written about self-leadership and goal achievement. Benefits of Self-leadership How to use self-leadership Self- leadership enables development of a winner’s state of mind that is capable of letting one be able to act upon at one’s optimum throughout. In addition, it enables one to develop some meaning to one’s work and be satisfied with what one does. It is widely realised that, self-leadership enables one to master his or her troublesome emotions, such as pessimism, anxiety, as well as anger among others. Ultimately, the use of self-leadership enhances turning around the easier said than done relationships in one’s individual, as well as practiced life. Through self-leadership, it is possible for one to understand and practice a five-step framework that is able to make one be successful in transforming his or her habits and behaviours. It is clear that, self—leadership enables one to manage his or her stress and live a cool and calm life whereby one is just focused to the forceful demands in one’s life and leadership life (Boss, & Sims Jr, 2008). It is possible for one to come up with a strong understanding of and develop some connections with one’s bona fide self. Self-leadership enables one to improve his or her practice of empathy, compassion, and kindness in order to bring about elevated accomplishment, as well as success in one’s headship and personal life (Stewart, Courtright, & Manz, 2011). In addition to that, self-leadership allows a person to put into practice mindfulness methods that enhances improvement of one’s efficiency in his or her life and at work. It is also possible for one to develop flexibility, as well as rebound resulting from individual and institutional setbacks. It is apparent that, self-leadership assists an individual to expose his or her self-defeating way of life that is likely to hold one back and redraft those beliefs to be empowering convictions. Benefits of Positive psychology How to use positive psychology Positive psychology is very beneficial in one’s life in that it allows one to deal with life stressful incidences because one is always optimistic. In addition, positive thinking allows one to have some improvement in one’s immunity (Seligman, & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). This is because mind controls the entire body and attitudes and thoughts have great influence in one’s immunity. It is noticed that positive psychology is very beneficial to one’s health since one has the ability to keep away depression and improve one’s immunity, thus improvement of well-being in general. It is widely realized that optimism reduced the risks of depression, cardiovascular problems, and prolongs one’s lifespan. One manages to do away with unhealthy behaviours (Snyder, Lopez, & Pedrotti, 2011). Additionally, positive thinking changes an individual to be more resilient or improve one’s power to deal with life problems. This is because one manages to cope with trauma and crisis since one is always against depression and have courage to overcome terrible events (Gable, & Hait, 2006). Career goal Traits required In my marketing career, I need a number of traits in order to achieve my goal. Some of these traits comprises of; being open-minded. I should be outspoken whereby I talk to people without fear. I should also be honest and reliable to all people. Additionally, I am required to be optimistic about life regardless the level of challenges. It is also my obligation to apply effective communication skills in order to interact well with people. In order to achieve my marketing career goal, I require having self-confidence whereby I should believe in my capabilities and be persistent. This is where I will be ready to endure the difficulties and ensure achievement of the goal, despite many difficulties. I am also supposed to be self-disciplined whereby I apply all my energy towards my ambitions. I am also required to network with other people through development of diverse positive relationships. Personal Profile Table 1 Table 1 clearly demonstrates thirteen surveys that show the survey scores, interpretations resulting from the survey, as well as strengths and weaknesses. Instrument Findings How to interpret Identified strengths Identified Weaknesses Learning’s Is management for you Scored 52 The scored between 40 and 79 indicates moderate potential Some of the skills and competencies to manage successfully Lake some fine-tuning Leaning new management skills and experiencing ‘managing” techniques Leadership Or Management -Even-numbered scored 8 yes - Odd-number score 9 yes The yes to more odd-numbered items, I may have management qualities. Manage organizational problems in an impersonal way Lack of innovation Leadership and management qualities can be developed or improved with awareness and cxpcrience. Emotional Intelligence At Work Scored 90 A score from 50 to 100 means you have i good platform of emotional intelligence from which to develop your managerial capability. Motivntiitg self and Social skills is high Not have strong skill of Self- awareness, emotion managing and empathy Should be able control emotional intelligence for develop managerial capability Cognitive Style Self Assessment - Introvert scored 19 - Sensing scored 23 - Feeling scored 28 - Juging scored 18 - Dimension I means that I prefers to be more self-contained work things out personally - Dimension S means I like emphasis on fact, details, and concrete knowledge - Dimension F means I prefer emphasis human values establishing personal friendships - Dimension J means emphasis on order through reading decisions and resolving issues Work steadily, like established routine, seldom make errors of fact and rarely trust my inspirations. Unwilling acceptance of external events Attempt to solve problems and knowing differences and similarities from other people Theory X or Theory Y - Theory X scored 41 - Theory Y scored 59 The larger this number is, the more strongly you hold to the assumptions of the higher category. Conversely, the lower the number, the more flexibility you show. That is, the closer each of your Theory X and Theory Y scores is to 50, the less intensity you have about the fixed nature of human behavior Great deal of confidence in other people, assume them are willing to do work, et. Unawareness of problems Be able to trust employees Soliciting Feedback From Others Open Area In this high-balanced area, the manager openly self-discloses and solicits feedback from others Self-awareness is high Some people may know you too well Maximizing self-awareness Realistic Optimism (must do) -Internality scored 4 -Stability scored 3.5 -Globality scored 3 - Internality is above 3.5, I tend to explain things as being caused by myself - Stability is below 3.5 that I expect that the cause of bad events “are temporary” - Globability is below 3.5, I think that the causes of bad events are “ specific to circumscribed events” Prefer to analysis internal issues rather then blame others Expecting bad thing just be temporary and not well prepared Need improve logic problem solve skill Personal Style Inventory (MBTI) - Introversion- Extroversion scored 36 -Intuition- Sensing scored 40 -Feeling- Thinking Scored 40 - Perceiving- Judging Scored 40 Scored considerable strength in the dimension; considerable weakness in the other member of the pair considers others' feelings understands needs, values is interested in conciliation demonstrates feelings persuades, arouses not objective
is less organized Interactions can be more congenial, satisfying and productive Self Efficacy Scored 3.6 - The scored above 3.5 is on the higher end of the scale Positive think and positive felling at most of time Like to think internal problem when bad events happen Should increasing self-efficacy to help performance better Locus of control Scored 5 - A scored below 8.29 means I have increasingly internal locus of control I easy to stay positive when things happen Lack of changing skill or believe Stay positive think and felling Type A Personality Indicator -Competitiveness scored 13 -Life imbalance scored 8 -Hostility scored 8 - Impatience scored 13 - Competitiveness is above 12 that is a pronounced tendency - Life imbalance and Hostility is below 12 that is not significant pronounced tendency - Impatience/Urgency is above 12 that is a pronounced tendency Skill to balance work and life Well emotional control Like jump to the conclusion Make decision rush Should lean to be more patient Kolb's Learning Style Inventory Accommodator Leaning style is hands-on, and relies on intuition rather than logic. Like new challenge Tend to rely on others information rather than own analysis My 360 feedback I received a number of feedbacks from diverse people regarding my leadership. One of my friends and a roommate, Sandra was the first to give me a feedback. She told me that, in order to be a successful leader, I have to face the challenges that I come across and get solutions to deal with them. She also told me that I need to be positive in life in order to be strong once I face hard events. Her feedback was as a result of self-efficacy survey where I am supposed to show high confidence, positive psychology, and emotions that develop in bad circumstances. The feedback from Sandra did not surprise me because as a property owner, I am supposed to be responsible for the house when bad things occur and this requires me to stay positive. Otherwise, I would impinge on the emotions of other roommates. My elder sister Susan was the second one to give me feedback. She supported my result from survey (Theory X or Theory Y) since she identified that, I am more Theory Y, which shows that other people have willingness and capability to do the work (Lepsinger, & Lucia, 2009). She also told me that I am very confident woman as she said that, “when Jenny is at her best, she is willing to take responsibility, willing to trust people, willing to motivate people to do their best and her communication skills are high.” I got my last feedback from Julie who is a group member for only one month. Her feedback was positive about my result from the survey (Emotional Intelligence At Work), which made me identify that, I have dimension S.. She described me as a girl who makes decision with some reason，evidence，confidence, as well as realistic. Knowing how to communicate with strangers and managing to analyze peoples’ personal traits. I have the ability to connect to other people, build positive relationships, resolve conflicts, and understanding of interpersonal relationships. I was surprised by my feedback from Julie that I was not expect such a high comment. Area for development Self-efficacy The trait refers to personal judgment of being in a position to act upon a specific activity. It identifies the level of a person’s belief in being able to complete a particular task and achieve one’s goals. A trait is capable of influencing a person’s endeavor and has some effects on one’s ability to face difficulties with competence and choices made by a person (Schwarzer, & Hallum, 2008). Justification for choice of area Self-efficacy is very important in my life and in my career because for me to be a good leader, I require to have strong beliefs in personal capability in executing behaviours that are necessary in producing certain performance accomplishments. I require self-efficacy to attain my goals in marketing career and to be able to live a successful life. Through believing on my capability, it will be possible to achieve even the difficulty goals in life and I will be as a good example to those people with low level of self-efficacy. How to develop (self-efficacy) In order to develop self-efficacy, I have to change my thoughts and the level of believing in my capacity to have positive performance. I have to be positive about my capability and work towards applying it in my future career. What behaviours need to change? According to the argument put forth by Judge, Jackson, Shaw, Scott and Rich (2011), development of self-efficacy requires one to change the attitude of giving up in things and adapt the behaviour to moving on. In addition, Ng, Ang and Chan (2008) state that a person has to take the challenging situations as normal tasks that require being mastered carefully and positively. Gong, Huang and Farh (2009) argue that, in order to develop self-efficacy, it is necessary for a person to come up with some strong interests associated with one’s daily activities. As articulated by Ng et al. (2008) development of self-efficacy has to be accompanied with a hasten recovery from one’s disappointments and the setbacks. Additionally, it is very essential if one manages to create a deeper sense of commitment in one’s activities, as well as interests. It is clear from the argument put forth by Judge et al. (2011) that, to develop strong sense of self-efficacy, a person has to change the behaviour of avoiding the most challenging events and one should stop giving up in having confidence in his or her abilities. Schwarzer and Hallum (2008) point out that, a person requires to stop focusing on the negative results and some individual failings, but be positive in all endeavors. It is widely noticed that, development of self-efficacy has to be accompanied with change of the belief that hard situations and tasks being far beyond a person’s capability. How can you change them? In order to change these behaviours and adapt a sense of strong self-efficacy, I am supposed to be positive in everything I intend to accomplish. I am supposed to motivate myself when in difficult situations and develop positive thoughts, as well as responses to life situations (Richardson, & Gosnay, 2010). I am supposed to believe in my capabilities and develop some positive behaviours. I should interact with people having strong sense of self-efficacy in order to observe their actions and imitate them as I practice self-efficacy in my marketing career. Development Goals Describe goal-setting theory to explain: The goal-setting theory of motivation. This is where one focuses at the task that is aimed to be performed. There are some goals that are very challenging and they require effective and necessary feedback from the one setting them in order for one to perform better. The theory makes assumptions that a particular person is very committed to the specific goal and assumes that a person cannot leave that specific goal without completion. The benefits of writing goals Writing one’s goals is very beneficial because it allows a person to have a good direction of what one requires to meet and to achieve in life. In addition, writing of goals enhances one to live a focused and realistic life and it makes one manage to fight with the diverse challenges that develop during the process of pursuing an activity. It is apparent that, writing goals motivates one to work hard regardless the challenges. In addition to that, writing of goals allows one to be committed in achieving success in life and to ensure completion of his or her began activity without giving up or losing hope. How to write goals Goals can be long-term or short-term Long term goal for development of self-efficacy Attaining self-efficacy and implementing it within the next five years for achievement of marketing career goals Short or medium term goals to address the specific behaviours to change Implementing self-efficacy for the next two months in order to realize if there are some changes in the performance Learning Theory Used Observational learning theory The choice of this theory is because it enhances learning through imitation of what one happens to see being done by other people. As postulated by Christopher, Hossein and Jeffrey (2003), observational learning theory enhances one to act towards what one observes happening; that is, imitating the actions that were previously viewed. It is apparent that, this theory is live and it enables one to demonstrate and act on certain behaviour. As identified by Carmeli, Meitar and Weisberg (2006) observational theory also involves listening to the instructions and explanations given by the instructor verbally and through a video in order to see and understand what is meant to be done and the benefit and need of doing something. To achieve self-efficacy, it is necessary to observe how other people with the sense of strong sense of self-efficacy do their things in order to succeed in achieving their goals (Williams, 2007). The choice of this theory is to enhance implementation of self-efficacy in my career goals whereby I will be able to observe the achievements of other people with strong sense of self-efficacy and how they manage to improve their performance. In addition, this is a theory that is easy to use and it allows one to learn through imitation whereby practice leads to improved performance. Operant or Classical Conditioning describe how/when/what rewards you will incorporate. Whenever I engage in marketing work, I have to believe in my capabilities in achieving the performance goals. In addition, when I am approaching other people, I get confident to approach them. This makes me develop a strong sense of self-efficacy as I focus to my career goals and as I aim at achieving my career. Social or Cognitive learning describe your thought (self talk), behaviour and emotion focused strategies Through observation of the happenings, I have to change my emotions and practiced behaviour and develop and reduce the distressing and negative emotions capable at elevating stressful situations. I will use strategies, such as working towards reduction and management of the level of problematic events. I have to be positive in achievement of the set goals and objectives. In addition, I require application of self-soothing thoughts and sympathy (Curral, & Marques-Quinteiro, 2009). Ultimately, I require accepting the current situation the way it is and gathering courage and strength when practicing my capability in achievement of marketing goals. It is necessary to apply problem-solving strategies and dissociate with negative behaviour. Action Plan Action plan to achieve my goal; to practice self-efficacy in my marketing career for improved performance Activities conducted throughout the process entails; Interacting with people having a sense of strong self-efficacy Comparing the practices of these people who perform well in their career goals Practice application of self-efficacy in many activities and reflect on the achievements. Making good choices associated with health behaviour Table 2 Action Steps Duration Resources Start End 1. Interacting with people One week Social gatherings 19/10 19/4 2. Comparing achievements one week Goal achievements 26/10 26/4 3. First attempt of practicing self-efficacy One week Marketing activity 4/11 3/5 4. Second attempt Three days Marketing activity 7/11 10/5 5. Final attempt One week Marketing event 10/11 17/5 6. Practicing self-efficacy in a group Five days Group gathering 15/11 20/5 7. Assessment of the practice One week Personal instructor 23/11 20/5 8. Get feedback of the performance Two days Instructor 25/11 24/5 9. Making the required amendments One week The instructor report 23/12 28/5 10. Confirmation One day 24/12 30/5 Conclusion Situation; I used self-leadership skills, such as self-awareness, career planning, self-management, motivation, and empowering other people in writing this report. Marketing career requires self-efficacy in order to have success and this is what I needed to attain. Task; During the process of writing the report, I learned a lot about myself. I learned that I have leadership capability and if I manage to apply self-efficacy, it will be possible for me to achieve my career goals. It was my responsibility to apply self-efficacy in order to achieve my marketing career. Action; Implementation of self-efficacy and setting goals and self-leadership skills in order to have achievements Result; These skills enabled me to reflect on my weaknesses and strengths in order to achieve my career goals. The world can be a better place if leaders practice effective and efficient self-leadership skills as they lead other people. Learning; I learned that if I practice self-efficacy in my career, it will be possible to improve my performance. I learned that, it is necessary to motivate myself whenever I am undertaking a particular activity. It would be better if the world leaders are motivated by their capability to serve people, but not through influence or because of pressure from their position. Lack of emotional intelligence is another hindrance to practice of self-leadership approach and failure to set effective strategies. There are a number of limitations associated with self-leadership approach and they comprises of lack of confidence and failure to believe in one’s capability. Poor goals setting is a limitation to self-leadership approach. Focus on the negative challenges that come across during the practice of the approach limits its achievement. Planning; It is necessary to apply inner beliefs and self-efficacy when practicing self-leadership. References Boss, A. D., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2008). Everyone fails!: Using emotion regulation and self-leadership for recovery. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2), 135-150. Carmeli, A., Meitar, R., & Weisberg, J. (2006). Self-leadership skills and innovative behavior at work. International Journal of Manpower, 27(1), 75-90. Christopher, N. P., Hossein, N., & Jeffrey, G. L. (2003). How self-leadership affects the goal setting process., Human Resource Management Review 13 (4) pp.691-707. Curral, L., & Marques-Quinteiro, P. (2009). Self-leadership and work role innovation: Testing a mediation model with goal orientation and work motivation. Gable, S. L. & Hait, J. (2006). What (and why) is positive psychology?., Review of General Psychology 9 (2) pp.103-110. Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee learning orientation, transformational leadership, and employee creativity: The mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 765-778. Judge, T., Jackson, C., Shaw, J., Scott, B., & Rich, B. (2011). Self Efficacy and work related performance: The integral role of individual differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 107-127. Lepsinger, R., & Lucia, A. D. (2009). The art and science of 360 degree feedback. John Wiley & Sons. Ng, K. Y., Ang, S., & Chan, K. Y. (2008). Personality and leader effectiveness: a moderated mediation model of leadership self-efficacy, job demands, and job autonomy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 733. Richardson, N., & Gosnay, R. M. (2010). Develop Your Marketing Skills. Schwarzer, R., & Hallum, S. (2008). Perceived teacher self‐efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation analyses. Applied Psychology, 57(s1), 152-171. Seligman, M. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J., & Pedrotti, J. T. (2011). Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Stewart, G. L., Courtright, S. H., & Manz, C. C. (2011). Self-leadership: A multilevel review. Journal of Management, 37(1), 185-222. Williams, S. (2007). Personality and self leadership. Human Resource Management Review, 7, 139-155. Read More