The Roots of Conflicts in Egypt and the International Relations Theory - Essay Example

Name of Institution: Lecturer’s Name: Name of student: Course: Date THE ROOTS OF CONFLICTS IN EGYPT AND THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY THAT CAN BEST BE SUITED TO UNDERSTAND THE CONLICT Conflict is simply an opposing view that comes out strongly and openly between two individuals, parties or groups. Conflict is a time I which there is political instability and insecurity in the country. The main war was that of Israel and Palestine which came about as a result of warring from the 20th Century for the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Any conflict if not settled or reduced; it gradually develops and might lead to a very bad explosion in the warring groups (Brenzinger and Mauersberger, 2006). A conflict is like a seed, which if well watered, might grow into a tree that bears fruits of the same kind. The conflict due to the land was watered and it led to the development of movements against each other between the two groups. The conflict, from being just a simple one, emerged to be greater and bigger due to the kinds of hands that the situation passed through. In such crucial instances, the way and the approach of handling the matter is what determines the betterment or the worsening of the situation. The Egypt conflict which was a small issue materialized into wars and conflict between the two groups who are the Palestine and the Israelites. The war became so big of an issue and led to the drifting of the two groups due to land (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). In the handling of the situation, there seemed to be conflicting views. The issue of being a brother’s keeper is depicted when the Palestine passed a Balfour declaration that the Jewish could find a home in their country. The declaration was however formed and passed due to selfish needs and gains for the worsening of the populations generally in the world. They had the intention of winning the Zionists also called the Jewish’s support as allies in the World War 1 to the Great Britain. This led to yet another agreement which is the Sykes-Picot Agreement that made the Palestine’s Ottoman Empire be under the control of the United States after the World War 1. The Great Britain however, through the agreements made conflicting promises to the two groups and as a result, the Palestine became a burden to the Great Britain. The issue made the immigration of the Jewish into the Palestine accepted in the country though the Arabs in Palestine were not up for the idea. This is what led to the tensions which resulted even to physical violence between the two groups. The wars included: the 1920 and the 1921 Palestine Riots. The riot was to counter the attack of the Arabs which in which the Palestine succeeded though it led to the death of two Jews in Jerusalem and the injury of about 200 Jews, it also led to the death of two American Veterans who were resisting the Arab attack in March 1920. The issue, as much as they seemed to be living in a wave of tension, was raised again when the Pogrom sent 67000 Jewish refugees to Palestine (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). A wave of skirmishes arose in the week due to the Haganah and Arab mobs leaving 133 Jews and 166 Arabs dead after the war. This led to major concerns as the economy was deteriorating and the Financial needs building up as a concern for the yishuvs (Shield). It led most to believe that the yishuv might collapse and; that is when they looked for the legislation that would incorporate the non-Zionists into the agency in order to enhance peace. The 1929 Hebron Massacre is another riot which led to the killing of 67 Jews including 23 college students. This act was as a result of the false rumors that the Jews were massacring the Arabs in Jerusalem and taking control of the Holy Places. The issue which was also as a result of the fear to be financially controlled by the Zionists leading to the Hebron Massacre as a result of the arrangement to attack the Jerusalem (Shield). The war was further provoked when the Arabs built their worship place near the holiest place for the Jews which is the Western Wall. The war was however sorted upon the intervention of the British who restrained the Jews from living in the Hebron and the Gaza Strip in order to stop the violence and sort out the issue amicably. This is a loss that left most people surprised as they did not expect such a turn out. The 1936-1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. These riots seemed to grow and emerge more as the Arabs believed that this was the only way to sort out the issue in order to protect their land and not be overturned by the Jews in their own country. The immigration level was and is still the main cause of riots for the Arabs, this is simply because, the Arabs view this as a threat to their systems as Britain seems to be supporting the both groups in Palestine which the Arabs view as a form of being snatched their political powers in their country. As much as solutions, as with regard to the immigration seems to be quelled, the riots are still emergent and Britain raised 600000 dollars in order to cater for the homes that were destroyed, the costs of building schools and building nurseries (Shield). This however, as much s it seemed to have some effect, the agreements like the White Paper led to more conflict and resulted into the Arabs and Jewish now fighting against the British rule which seemed mandatory and did not consider their views on the issues which were a major concern. The Baltimore resolution seemed to be more bent on the Jews which wanted the Palestine to come under their state and the Palestine had no say in the resolution as it was passed by the Jewish Agency and discussed to their favor (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). The issue materialized into the formation of the Haganah which was a Jewish voluntary militia group for self defense as a result of the stand of Britain on the White Paper agreement. They declared the beginning of a resistance movement against the Jewish through their clandestine radio station, Kol Israel (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). This led to more attacks of the Israel terrorists against Palestine emerging. The destruction of 22 RAF airplanes in one airfield, they destroyed the railway lines and attacked their oil refinery company and a railway station which was aimed at destroying their economy generally (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). The Haganah also attacked the British headquarters in King David Hotel and bombs leading to the death of 91 British, Arab and Jewish people and wounding about forty five people in the three communities. The British now came in the picture to retaliate the wars by attacking the Tel Aviv headquarters of the Irgun. This war was now more serious as it included three warring groups. By the end of 1946, the Irgun sternists had killed 373 people (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). As a result of the losses of the World War two, the Britain turned the issue of the Palestine over to the United Nations which passed the British rule of having two groups in the country. The Jewish accepted this though the Arabs were still in conflict and as a result, a civil war broke out, which is the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The Israel used this as an opportunity to increase their borders and won the war leading to the division in Jerusalem. The territory which was not taken up by the Israel was taken up by other cities forming the Jordan (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). The PLO was formed after continuous reluctance of the Arabs to recognize the Israel; the aim was to stop the division of the Arab Palestine land and resulted into refusal by the Egyptians to work with the PLO. The Israel in 1967 also captured the Gaza Strip and the Jordan holy places spurring up the conflicts between the two groups. This led to the evection of the Palestine from the Jordan in what was known as the Black September (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). The result of this was the Yom Kippur war against the Israel led by Egypt and Syria due to a coalition by the Arab States. The first 24-48 hours proved that the war was resulting in favor of the Israeli, leading to a cease-fire which broke out that led to the start of some form of hope for the two warring groups (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). The war resulted into the Camp David Accords which voiced a beginning of future peace negotiations between the two parties (Palestinian-Israeli Conflict). Talk of every cloud having a silver lining! Theories are very important in the understanding and deeper explanation of issues. The theories that best explain the conflict in Egypt would be the institutionalism and regime approach. The approach looks into the 3rd state (super) and 4th state (supro-state) level phenomena from a 3rd (super) image perspective. This theory has some assumptions like the strategies dictating the effective running of the systems in any particular place. Institutions are believed to be the most important aspects of any region therefore if they are destroyed, can leave the country in a very vulnerable state. The destruction of institutions according to the assumptions of the Institutionalism theory can be avoided only if the level of authority and the rules are effective. The institutionalism theory applied the roadmap approach and traced the roots of the war and how the actions taken, either acted for the better good or led to more conflict in the region. Institutions are simply the systems that define the acceptable kinds of relations with regards to the states and how they should run. The institutions advocate for peace and healthy competition and relations between the states and oppose the use of wars to resolve conflicts and wars between the nations (Chapter1; theoretical approaches to conflict and order in International Politics). This kind of approach leads to the outlook that is needed as regards to the conflict which seemed to grow as the times went by. There are many issues that are looked into with regard to the intervention into the wars and conflicts by the British and later the United Nations as superpowers. There are many aspects that are looked into in this theory ranging from the individual institutions up to the whole system analysis and lastly the relations of the war and how it affected the other neighboring countries as it led to disorganization and the deterioration of their relations with the other states. For instance, the attack on Tel Aviv which was the headquarters for the British government who advocated for peace in the warring groups; but instead, they were attacked and it even led to more conflicts and deaths of the 373 people in the region. The application of the roadmap as regards to the institutionalism theory therefore indulges the international aspect which makes this relevant as a theory of the international relations. The issues of the roadmap application with the main aim of peace and security in the region as an important aspect in the application of this theory has sets of rules and guidelines which act as the leading light as regards to any regime. The issue of having a roadmap is to ensure that all the important aspects are looked into and catered for accordingly. For instance, the settlements of the individuals which seemed to have been looked into when the British set aside 600000 dollars for the reconstruction of the houses, schools and the settlement of the people affected during the conflict. The institutions are different, some formal, some informal which are relevant to the conflict in Egypt. There are some steps and measures that the government would have taken to reduce the conflict according to this theory. The first would have been to reform the Palestinian authority, to withdraw from terrorism attacks and the Jews would have withdrawn their troops and stop settlements buildings, this would be because, at the state they were in, the position was crucial and building the settlements would seem futile because they would have been demolished eventually (Segbers/Dyllick-Brenzinger/Hoffmann/Mauersberger,2006). Secondly, the monitoring of the international roadmaps would have been laid down, the Palestinians state founded and an international conference would have been prepared to ensure that peace was enhanced in the nation. The foundation of the Palestinian state through the founding of the prime minister seems to have been performed as an act to enhance the peace and reduce the tension between the warring groups. This shows that the governments and the rulers had an idea of what ought to be done and took effect though it was not done strategically (Segbers /Dyllick/ Brenzinger/ Hoffmann/ Mauersberger, 2006). Some of the most important issues like for instance the monitoring of the systems that were laid down were not effectively accomplished. The theory shows that the lack of effectiveness laid in the hands of the individuals in power and simply because they did not perform their acts strategically and addressing the important issues, their efforts seemed futile for instance, the British who tried to quell the war but did not succeed and were indulged into the war, therefore leading to their sacrificial of the wars to the United Nations as a result. The issue of the demolishing that took place in the region as a result of the war explains succinctly why they aimed for these as a result of the need for power and stability in the Arab community. The simple knowledge of the infrastructure playing a crucial role in the development of any country is depicted in the war as it led to the deterioration of the economy. The issue being further spruced up as a result of the financial aid from the Britain which spurred the war to a great extent. The final stage includes the peace treaty which should have been signed in order to ensure that there was peace to a great extent and avoid future conflicts that may arise as a result of the same kind of issues. The last section which is very important was not performed therefore showing that the failure was as a result of some adjustments that should have been made and actions taken to avoid the conflicts at all costs. The roadmap that seemed to be lacking some of the important aspects to ensure that the act never repeated itself was lacking and this is why, instead of the situation being better, it ended up being worse and more issues arising as a result of the war. The Israelites gained an upper hand as a result of the war, showing that instead of the two parties reaching a conclusive solution and settling the matter amicably, more people were being indulged and seemed to gain an advantage to gain more land for themselves as a result. This shows that there was a form of institutionalism in the region as the main aim of the Arabs was security. This security, they were willing to fight for as it seemed like an aspect that would cater for their level of power and maintenance in the region. The institutions here are however not clearly defined, but, from their views, the aspects seem to be the land which was a main cause of conflict in the region. The kinds of systems that they had adopted before the immigration came into the picture was what the individuals were fighting for to ensure that there was no more conflict and yes, as explained above, due to the gaps that were not filled, it led to the deterioration and futility of the plans for peace and institutional formation in the region. The definition of institutions as the rules of the game dictates the kind of systems that should be laid down in order to enhance and ensure effectiveness in the running of the systems. Some of the institutions are effective or ineffective, formal or informal and legal or illegal (Segbers/ Dyllick-Brenzinger/Hoffmann/Mauersberger, 2006). The theory of institutionalism and regime gives a better understanding of the kinds of systems that were in control during the time of the conflict and their effectiveness in order to stop the conflict. The theory also gives insights as to where exactly the important enactments were lacking and enhances better understanding of the roots of conflict in Egypt. REFERENCES Jacqueline Shields: Pre-State Israel: Arab Riots of the 1920's: Jewish Virtual Library Peter Dyllick-Brenzinger and Christof Mauersberger: 2006: Israeli-Palestinian conflict: an introduction to the Israeli-Palastinian conflict6, following waltz’ levels of analysis in Global Politics: How to Use and Apply Theories of International Relations Segbers/Dyllick-Brenzinger/Hoffmann/Mauersberger: 2006: Global Politics: How to Use and Apply Theories of International Relations Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Read More